...maingotuyet@yahoo.com Phone: 0904324282 2/ Tran Thi Thu Trang (M.A) Email: trang.tranthithu@gmail.com Phone: 0989886107 3/ Nguyen Bich Ngoc (PhD. Fellow) Email: bichngoc159@gmail.com Phone: 0919956929 CLASS HOURS: | 1-3, Monday, D2-203 | OFFICE: | Building 7, Room 307 & 310 | OFFICE HOURS: | Appointments are usually available | ------------------------------------------------- | | Course Description: This course is designed for International Business Management major who will ultimately be engaged in doing business internationally. In this course, students will learn the basis of writing business letters and the purpose of writing a business letter; draft a plan for the letter; write the letter; and edit the letter to ensure it fulfills your purpose. Particularly, an introduction to international business letter with some typical correspondence such as Enquiries, Replies and Quotations, Orders, Complaints and Adjustments will be delivered to the students. The course aims to document international standard banking practice for examination of commercial documents under the UCP 600, including a general overview of import – export, commercial documents, the principles of the UCP 600, the international standard banking practice to examine these documents according to the UCP 600. The class also will discuss and review a few case studies that epitomize the issues involved in preparing documents for presentation and examining documents for honor...
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...Sale. One Owner. Best Price RM 8 750. Please call at number 34 Jln Semarak 2, Kuala Lumpur or telephone 03-8251178.” In this case, first and foremost we need to identify this is an invitation to treat or an offer or proposal. An offer should be contrasted with an option and an advertisement. According to Section 2(a), Usop has made an offer or proposal to sell his car with a price RM 8 750 and he provided enough details for an offeree to reach him. The first person who see the advertisement is Sarah. On Monday morning, Sarah called Usop and offer RM8000 to buy the car instead of RM 8 750, the price offer by Usop. However, Usop neither agree or disagree to the offer. Then later, Usop decided to sell his car to Sarah by posting a letter of agreement, however when he read Betty’s notice, he decided to withdraw his proposal to Sarah. The issue arise here, either the acceptance is complete or not? Whether an agreement between Sarah and Usop is properly formed and either Usop can revoke the acceptance once he posted the letter of agreement? If the acceptance is complete and an agreement is formed, there is no question of revocation. On the other hand, the issues between Betty and Usop is regarding the communication of acceptance.Whether the communication of the proposal is completed or not between Betty and Usop and when the communication is completed between them?. As we see in case of The Best Deal, the communication of acceptance by Betty is complete, however, it is questionable...
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...Topic 1 Introduction and Elements of a Contract LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Identify laws and Acts which govern the formation of a contract in Malaysia; Explain the definition of a contract; Discuss the basic elements in the formation of a contract; and Analyse the legal provisions regarding each element in the formation of a contract. INTRODUCTION In this topic, you will be introduced to the laws which govern the formation of a contract in Malaysia. You should understand the definition of a contract and each basic element in the formation of a contract, which are made up of offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity, intention and certainty. Students will not only find Malaysian Acts and cases applied in the discussions, but also those from England, India and Singapore. These are facts neces sary to support your answers during the examination. With a clear understanding of all the points above, you should be able to complete all the exercises given in this topic. 2 TOPIC 1 INTRODUCTION AND ELEMENTS OF A CONTRACT 1.1 INTRODUCTION, DEFINITION AND BASIC ELEMENTS OF A CONTRACT In Malaysia, the Contracts Act 1950 (hereafter referred to as CA 1950) governs the formation of a contract. The Sale of Goods Act 1957 governs contracts for the sale of goods, whereas hire-purchase contracts are governed by the Hire-Purchase Act 1967. Apart from these Acts, students will also study English cases and...
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...using the communication process. The analysis should also include a descriptive explanation of characteristics that would improve the messages, including whether the message and technology were appropriate given the environment and purpose. A business-to-business message will be written to ABC Company asking to create a working relationship with XYZ Company; and write an unfavorable reply message to ABC Company. Analyzing Messages Businesses used different methods of communication when communicating with other businesses such as email, letters, memos, and proposals. The three messages that will be analyzed are going to be a business proposal, an invitation and recognition from other business. According to "Wisegeek" (2003-2011), “a business proposal is a written proposal presented from a vendor that is intended to elicit business from a prospective buyer” (What is a Business Proposal?). The following is an example of a proposal letter that was emailed to Mr. Lopez. “Paul Garcia Project Manager Date: March 20, 2009 Kevin Lopez Director, Amazon Schools Pvt. Ltd. Dear Mr. Lopez: It will indeed be a...
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...er and acceptanceOffer(i.e. Proposal) [section 2(a)]:-When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other person either to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal. To form an agreement, there must be at least two elements – one offer and the other acceptance. Thus offer is the foundation of any agreement. “When one person signifies to another his willingness – 1 to do or to abstain from doing anything, 2 with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal.” The person who makes an offer is called “Offeror” or “ Promisor” and the person to whom the offer is made is called the Offeree” or “Promisee”. Example Mr. A says to Mr. B, “Will you purchase my car for Rs.1,00,000?” In this case, Mr. A is making an offer to Mr. B. Here A is the offeror and B is the offeree. Essentials elements of an offer:- (1) There must be two parties. (2) The offer must be communicated to the offeree. (3) The offer must show the willingness of offeror. Mere telling the plan is not offer. (4) The offer must be made with a view to obtaining the assent of the offeree. (5) A statement made jokingly does not amount to an offer. (6) An offer may involve a positive act or abstinence by the offeree. (7) Mere expression of willingness does not constitute an offer. A tells B’ that be desires to marry by the...
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...B. Acceptance Introduction S 2(b) - when a person to whom the proposal is made signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted, a proposal when accepted becomes a promise. The person accepting the proposal is called the ‘promisee’ or the ‘acceptor’. * A proposal when accepted becomes a promise. * The person accepting the proposal is called the promisee. * When an acceptance of any promise is made in words, the acceptance is said to be expressed. * If the acceptance is made in words, the acceptance is said to be expressed. * If the acceptance is made other than in words, the acceptance is said to be implied. * For a proposal to be converted into a promise, the acceptance of that proposal must be absolute and unqualified (S 7(a) ) (1) Negotiation If the parties are still negotiating, an agreement is not yet formed Lau Brothers & Co v China Pacific Navigation Co. -negotiations for the delivery of logs were conducted through series of telegrams and letters. Whilst still in the negotiating stage, the D withdrew. - was there a binding contract between the two parties? The court held: - the parties were still in a state of negotiation and no agreement was formed. Therefore, the D was justified in withdrawing. (2) Counter offer Hyde v Wrench (1840) * The D offered to sell his estate to the P on June for 6 1000pound * On 8june in reply the P made a counterproposal to purchase at 950pound. * When the D refused...
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...EXAMPLE OF A LETTER OF PROPOSAL ENGL 405: TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING INTERNET COURSE Dakota State University Dr. Mark Haas, AssistantProfessor of English This example is fictional and is for illustration purposes only. LETTERHEAD August 12, 2006 Mr.Kevin J. Hanson, Director Newton Hills State Park Canton, South Dakota 57146 Dear Mr. Hanson: Recently I noticed a letter in the editorial section of the Argus Leader in which the writer expressed concern over the present condition and problems relating to Newton Hills State Park, near Canton. A week later I read your reply to that letter, and I was very pleased to find that plans were being developed to improve park conditions. Having visited the park many times myself, I have become aware of the many design problems the park now holds. Participation in outdoor recreation and related activities is growing tremendously across the country. Park managers and supervisors are finding their parks unable to stand the greatly increased use. Roads developed for a few Sunday visitors are almost totally inadequate for the masses of people who converge on parks on warm, sunny weekends and hills erode after large numbers of people trample the vegetation. Moreover, recent events such as the antique car show and the annual folk festival brought even more people into your park, putting an additional strain on the park's resources. However, these problems can be solved...
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...BA 2196: Business Communications Syllabus Instructor: Dr. Larry Bailis Email: lbailis@temple.edu Office: Speakman 208K Office Hours: Monday, Wednesday 4:30 – 5:30, or by appointment Course Objectives You will learn useful and relevant business communication skills, including: * how to write clearly and how to effectively edit your own writing * how to target a results-oriented business audience using business documents, websites, and correspondence * how to formulate reasoned oral arguments and enhance your presentations * strategies to enhance critical thinking and analytical skills The Fox School understands that our graduates must meet the highest standards in these skills, and this course will be demanding. Fox BBA Learning Goals Business Communications supports the following Fox Bachelor of Business Administration Learning Goals: 1. Apply critical thinking to business problems a. Use cross-disciplinary knowledge to identify problems and their causes, generate alternative solutions, and arrive at reasoned conclusions. 2. Demonstrate effective oral and written communication a. Formulate reasoned arguments orally. b. Formulate reasoned arguments in written communication. c. Apply team-work and communication skills to present and support conclusions. 3. Understand the ethical, legal, and social responsibilities of individuals and organizations. a. Understand ethical issues. b. Assess the impact of...
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...9 Formal Reports and Proposals he distinctions between formal and informal reports are often blurred. Nevertheless, a formal report is usually written to someone in another company or organization. Occasionally it is written for a senior manager in the same company, or for someone with whom the writer has little regular contact. Usually it is longer than an informal report and requires more extensive research. Unless you are a consultant, you are unlikely to be asked to write a formal report often. When you are, there may be a lot riding on it— including your reputation. The purpose of this chapter is to show you how to write a formal report and how to put together the kind of proposal that often precedes it. As Figure 9-1 shows, many of the elements of formal reports are the same as those for informal ones.You need to pay the same attention to headings, lists, and illustrations, for example. Although much of the advice in the previous chapter could be duplicated in this one, the emphasis here will be on those areas where there’s a difference. T Figure 9-1 Contrasting Features of Informal and Formal Reports Informal Formal Reader often internal often external or distant within organization Length • usually short • several sections • usually long (3 pages or more) • sections and subsections Tone • personal • contractions • more impersonal • no contractions Summary integrated on separate page Introduction ...
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...www.ccsenet.org/jpl Journal of Politics and Law Vol. 4, No. 1; March 2011 Clarification of Rules of Acceptance in Making Business Contracts Dr. Md. Abdul Jalil Associate Professor of Law Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Management International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) E-mail: abduljalil@iiu.edu.my, abd_jalil2@yahoo.com Abstract Business firms and Business corporations enter into thousands of contracts everyday. Making a formal and written contract is very important for business corporations and firms although oral contracts are accepted and recognized by law. There are certain rules on making a valid formal contract. If the business firms do not have knowledge of those contract formation rules and they make contracts in ignorance of those rules, their contracts would be liable to be declared as null and void by the court of law if it is referred to it to determine its validity or to get a remedy for breach of contracts by one of the parties in the contract. In this paper I have not discussed all the elements of a valid contract. I have discussed only one of the fundamental elements of a valid contract that is ‘acceptance’. In a business contract, there must have be an ‘offer’ and an ‘acceptance’, to make a valid contract, if not the contract will not be valid, recognized and enforceable in the court of law. The objective of this paper is to clarify the rules of making a valid ‘acceptance’ which may lead to making a binding contract...
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...HRBUS83/101/0/2016 Tutorial Letter 101/0/2016 HRBUS83 - Research Project (Business Management) Department of Business Management IMPORTANT INFORMATION This tutorial letter contains important information about module HRBUS83. YOU MUST READ THROUGH THIS TUTORIAL LETTER AND BECHONB/301/3/2016. Open Rubric CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3 2 PURPOSE OF AND OUTCOMES FOR THE MODULE ................................................................ 3 2.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................................3 2.2 Learning outcomes .......................................................................................................................4 3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS................................................................................... 4 3.1 Coordinator and lecturer/supervisor .............................................................................................. 4 3.2 Department ...................................................................................................................................4 3.3 Unisa contact details .....................................................................................................................4 4 MODULE-RELATED RESOURCES ............................................
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...as such and that each award is routed through the appropriate offices to assure that the acceptance and administration of these activities meet both University and sponsor requirements and that various technical, legal, and financial issues be properly addressed. I. ELEMENTS OF A SPONSORED PROGRAM Whether an external funding falls within the definition of a Sponsored Program is determined by the presence of most of the following elements: Commitment from an External Sponsor: A written commitment from the sponsor, which follows receipt and acceptance of a proposal, may take various forms such as a grant agreement, contract, purchase order, or a letter of award, depending on the type of Sponsored Program and sponsor policy. Restricted Activities and Use of Funds: The use of external funds is restricted to the activities which are agreed upon the external sponsor and the University. The activities are described in a proposal submitted by the University to the sponsor. Faculty or Staff Leadership: The program involves a faculty or staff...
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...price. She seeks your advice whether the supermarket is contractually bound to sell the vacuum cleaner to her at the advertised price of RM100. (a) In order for a valid agreement to arise there must be a proposal (offer) and an acceptance of that offer. A proposal (offer) is said to be made when one person signifi es to another his willingness to do, or abstain from doing anything, with a view of obtaining the assent of that other to the act or abstinence: s.2(a) Contracts Act 1950. An offer must be distinguished from an invitation to treat. While an offer may be accepted giving rise to an agreement, an invitation to treat is only an offer to receive an offer, i.e. it is an invitation to another to make an offer. Examples of invitations to treat are advertisements and displays in shop windows. A case in point is Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemist Ltd (1953). In this case the defendants were charged with selling certain poisons in contravention of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933. The question was whether a sale had occurred when a customer in a self-service shop selected certain items which he desired to purchase and placed them in a wire basket. The court held that the display in the shop only amounted to an invitation to treat. A proposal to purchase was made...
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...authority (Conlan and Posner, 2008, 264). Sternberg has divided block grants into three distinct approaches: full devolution, partial devolution, and intergovernmental decentralization. Full devolution is the total removal and redistribution of federal policy, funding, regulatory, and administrative responsibilities (Conlan and Posner, 2008, 264). In the 1990s, this was referred to as “devolution revolution” and consisted of rhetoric proposing to push more power away from the federal government and down to the state and local levels. Full devolution was not popular and was only successful a few times, using legislative, executive, and administrative devolution to shift functional responsibilities from the federal level to state governments, for example, the regulation of marine port pilots, insurance, interstate horse racing, shipping, and boundary waters (Conlan and Posner, 2008, 264). In an attempt to be more successful than full devolution, approaches were made for partial devolution, where states could exercise more authority and discretion, but the federal government was still involved in major policy, programmatic and financial ways (Conlan and Posner, 2008, 264). With this, it was proposed to restructure categorical...
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...final report that will include your problem or issue identification, findings and recommendations for change, including or followed by your theoretical defense of the merit of your recommendations (see below); and a final oral presentation based on the report. Description of Field Project Working in your groups, decide on a project or problem area in some organization to which you believe you can gain entrance (probably one of your own). The project or problem must be one that reflects your expertise as a behavioral consultant, and one that has a communication dimension. Since most matters of socio-technical systems and design are characterized as well by human communication difficulties, the combined focus should be manageable. Examples might include: • an assessment of a project team which failed to meet its objectives; • an assessment of the causes and solutions to problems of high turnover in a department or division; • an evaluation of the effectiveness of monthly staff meetings; • causes of poor attitude or morale revealed through a...
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