...1. Introduction The globalization of the economy, internationalization of businesses and emergence of new markets are all key themes in contemporary business. Whereas international business may once have been the province of organisations with sufficient scale and reach, these types of companies – typically multi-national corporations - no longer have a monopoly on this kind of business. Increasing numbers of firms, of varying scale, are confronted with compelling reasons for expanding their activities across multiple national boundaries. In some cases, such motivation includes the knowledge that success in international markets is a pre-requisite for survival; if competitor organisations succeed in international markets, they may achieve the scale and liquidity which affords them sustainable competitive advantage. However, scrutiny of the empirical experience of international expansion suggests that the apparent potential is by no means straightforward to achieve in practice. This raises questions about whether or not it is realistic to envisage a ‘best practice’ in terms of international expansion strategy. Can the latter be conceived of as a specific and transferable management skill, or is it instead reliant upon expertise in a particular sector of business, a market, or a national culture? After all, if proven strategists are found wanting, where can the organisation go in terms of its future practice? Large, successful and sophisticated businesses have often found that...
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...Research Proposal Example Find a Research Proposal Example to Solve your Academic Problem Are you spending hectic days and sleepless nights biting your nails off in the uncertainty how to write a research proposal? Is your alloted time slipping away and you still do not know it? Relax! Your problem has just found its solution! It is better to learn wisdom by the follies of others; and the simplest way to write the best research proposal is to get acquainted with a sample. MasterPaper.com supplies free-of-charge research proposal examples to simplify your life. How does a Research Proposal Look Like? A research proposal is a very useful writing task to accomplish before starting your research. It’s like launching into a perilous journey without attaining a detailed map on the dangerous and unknown itinerary. It is better to get a piece of advice on how to pass those perils successfully equipped. A research proposal example can serve such a heaven-sent piece of advice for a traveler in the depths of science. A research proposal is a document written by a researcher that describes in details the program for a proposed research. It is like an outline of the entire research process that gives a reader a summary of the information discussed in the project. Research proposals are written in future tense and have different points of emphasis. A proposal should present strict research plan in order to distribute research time according to tasks importance and their time consuming capacity...
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...COMPONENTS OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL (Source: Brynard & Hanekom (1997): Introduction to research in Public Administration and related academic disciplines; J L van Schaik Academic Publishers, Pretoria, pages 24- 26) Research encompasses various components which need to be explained or described in a research proposal. The term "research proposal" indicates that a specific course of action will be followed. The following components can be regarded as steps in the writing of the research proposal. They are important and should be followed for the actual composition of the proposal: 1. Title page of the research proposal A research proposal should be submitted with a title page on which full particulars pertaining to the following appear: the name of the researcher; student number; course; and the following wording: Research proposal in preparation of a research project with the following proposed detail:"..... " (For example: "The education in Public Administration of chief directors employed in provincial government departments") 2. Introduction Emphasise the importance of the proposed research and describe the research topic or theme. This is usually done in one or two paragraphs. In all cases it should be stated whether a relationship exists between the proposed research and research undertaken before. If no such research has been undertaken previously, this should be pointed out. 3. Motivation Present, as clearly as possible, the source of interest...
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...AN EFFECTIVE RESEARCH PROPOSAL The purpose of this handout is not to teach you how to design a research project. Rather it is to help you translate your research plans into an effective research proposal. A well-written proposal will ease the process of obtaining institutional and ethical approval and will increase your chances of obtaining funding for your project. The writing of this booklet was guided by our experience writing proposals but also on our experiences as reviewers on institutional and granting agency review panels. The booklet is designed for health sciences researchers conducting quantitative, clinical research. However, the general concepts are applicable to most areas of inquiry. Writing an Effective Research Proposal 2 ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ Title Abstract Study Problem Rationale/Relevance of the Project Literature Review Specific Study Objectives Research Methods I. Study design II. Subjects Inclusion/exclusion criteria Sampling Recruitment plans Method of assignment to study groups III. Data collection Variables: outcomes, predictors, confounders Measures/instruments Procedures IV. Intervention V. Statistical considerations Sample size Data analysis Ethical Considerations Consent form Privacy of information Work Plan Budget Research team Dissemination Plan 3 ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ Writing an Effective Research Proposal KEYS TO SUCCESS TO WRITING A GOOD PROPOSAL Overall Quality of the Study ∗ Good research question ∗ Appropriate...
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... Page 21 3 CHOOSING A TOPIC AND THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL Objectives On reading this chapter you should: • • • • • • • • understand the importance of choosing a research topic that lends itself to a ’do-able’ project; be able to evaluate potential topics; be able to formulate a valid research question (and hypothesis); understand the importance of creativity, and its relationship to innovation in formulating your research question; understand the integral role played by the research question; understand the vital role of the research proposal; be aware of the common pitfalls to be avoided in writing a successful proposal; and be able to write a logical and persuasive research proposal. Overview Chapter 3 deals with the practical issues of choosing an appropriate topic for your research project, and with the all important task of developing a research proposal. Section 3.1 deals with the practicalities of evaluating topics from your potential list, in order to choose the most appropriate for your project. Section 3.2 focuses on how to formulate a good research question. The role of the research question and different types of questions are dealt with in Section 3.3. Section 3.4 highlights the functional importance of the research proposal, which is often neglected by undergraduate students. The proposal acts as an exercise in thought, a reference point for supervision, and also as a motivational device. Section 3.5 deconstructs the proposal into its major components in order to...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Nursing | | |NUR/598 Version 4 | | |Research Utilization Project | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2005, 2004, 2001, 2000, 1999 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This is a graduate research course that focuses on the use of a body of nursing knowledge and scientific knowledge in the nursing practice setting. Students develop a proposal to address a problem or concern in the nursing practice, propose an evidence-based solution, develop an implementation and evaluation plan, and describe implementation strategies for the proposed solution. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be...
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...HTM 700: RESEARCH METHODS AND ANALYSIS FOR HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM ASSIGNMENT 2 RESEARCH PROPOSAL ASSIGNMENT A research proposal is a short written document to inform others of a proposed piece of research. It is prepared prior to conducting the actual research and submitted to the relevant parties that require it to be evaluated. The relevant parties could be a business organization that hire consultants or offer grants to conduct some specific scientific investigation for them, organization that offers scholarships to students and requires a research proposal as part of the application process or as part of the process in the completion of a Bachelor/Masters/PhD degree. As part of the requirement for the completion of your Research Methodology course, you are required to prepare one research proposal closely related to your area of study. This assignment constitutes 30% of your final grade where 25% will be awarded for the written paper and the other 5% will be awarded for the presentation of your research proposal. You will work individually as a preparation of the real RP you will prepare the following semester. Your completed research proposal must be handed-in during the Week 13, followed by the presentation of the research proposal during the subsequent class period. You are required to prepare your presentation on power-point slides and you are only allocated about 15 minutes to do your presentation. Research Proposal Outline The purpose of the...
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...PROBLEM YOUR PROPOSAL WRITING COMPANION Compiled by Henry M. Bwisa Professor of Entrepreneurship Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology E-mail bwihem@yahoo.com Website www.professorbwisa.com November 2008 INTRODUCTION It is a constant complaint among those who evaluate proposals that the most frequent deficiency noted by them is the lack of a clear problem 1 statement to define and guide the inquiry. The issue of how to write a problem statement becomes important. WHAT IS A RESEARCH PROBLEM? Generally speaking a research problem is a situation that needs a solution and for which there are possible solutions. If a situation has no possible solutions then it makes little or no sense expending resources researching it. Take this statement, “everybody wants to go to heaven but nobody wants to die”. Dying looks like a problem that needs a solution yet there is no possible solution to it. People must die. A research on how people can live forever makes little or no sense. A research problem may be described as an incongruence; a discrepancy between what is and what ought to be. It may be also described as the gap in knowledge that needs to be filled. WHAT IS A PROBLEM STATEMENT? A problem statement is the description of an issue currently existing which needs to be addressed. It provides the context for the research study and generates the questions which the research aims to answer. The statement of the problem is the focal point of any research. A good problem...
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...Ads by Google This hub discusses some of the common elements in a research proposal. Whether you are doing quantitative or qualitative research, it is important that you outline the reasons why you propose doing the study and what process or procedures you will follow to complete the proposed study. Some of the important parts of a good quantitative or qualitative research proposal include: 1. Determining the general topic; 2. Performing a Literature review on the topic; 3. Identifying a gap in the literature; 4. Identifying a problem highlighted by the gap in the literature and framing a purpose for the study; 5. Writing an Introduction to the study; 6. Framing research hypotheses and or research questions to investigate or guide the study; 7. Determine the method of investigation 8. Outline the research design 9. Define the Sample size and the characteristics of the proposed sample; 10. Describe the procedures to follow for data collection and data analyses. Determine a General Topic The first step in writing an academic research proposal is to idenitfy a general topic or subject area to investigate. Usually this first point is the easiest because the research proposal will be tied to the overall theme of a course. In such a case, the the general subject for investigation is normally determined by a professor who is leading the class, the school's department chair, or academic advisory committee. Perform a Literature Review ...
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...Graduate School Writing a research proposal for a PhD or MPhil application: A guide for potential students Some Schools and Departments may require you to write an outline research proposal and submit this with your application to study for a PhD or MPhil. The content and structure of the proposal will inevitably vary depending on the discipline area and the nature of the project you wish to pursue. In some cases you may be provided with some guidance in terms of what information should be included in the proposal and, if this is the case, you should read this carefully and follow it. However, where this is not the case, the general guidance, and suggested headings, provided here should help you to structure and present your ideas clearly in your proposal. Your overall aim is to produce a research proposal that is clear and coherent in every respect. You should therefore avoid the use of overly long sentences and of technical jargon. It is important that the proposed research is realistic and feasible so that the outcomes can be achieved within the scale of a typical research degree programme, which is typically three years full-time for a PhD (or two years for an MPhil). Although you should write the proposal yourself, it is best if you discuss its contents with your proposed supervisor before you submit it. Your research question For most projects there is usually one main question that you would like to address, which can sometimes be broken down into several sub-questions...
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...RESEARCH PROPOSAL THE CONTENTS OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL A research proposal is an overall plan, scheme, structure and strategy designed to obtain answers to the research questions or problems which constitute your research project. A research proposal should outline the various tasks that you plan to undertake to fulfil your research objectives, test hypotheses or obtain answers to your research questions. It also should state your reasons for undertaking the study. Broadly a research proposal’s two main functions are to: * Outline the operational plan for obtaining answers to your research questions * Specify and ensure the methodology for control of variance. (This is a technical function and is important for those studies that are designed to investigate a causal relationship.) In order to achieve its first function, a research proposal must tell you, your research supervisor and a reviewer: * What you are proposing to do * How you plan to proceed * Why you selected the proposed strategy Therefore it should contain: * A statement of the objectives of the study * A list of hypotheses. If you are testing any * The research design which you are proposing to use * The setting for your study * The research instrument(s) that you are planning to use * Information on sample size and sampling design * Information on data processing procedures * An outline of the proposed chapters from the report * The study’s...
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...method and the fundamentals of |Mon, 11/18/2013 |10 | |Research Paper |research. Address each of the following in your paper: |11:59 PM MST | | | | | | | | |Define the scientific method. How does it relate to human services research? | | | | | | | | | |What are the steps in the process of scientific inquiry? Why must each of these steps be | | | | |included to support the scientific method? Provide a human services research example of the | | | | |scientific method and identify each step within your example. | | | | | | | | | |Define quantitative research and qualitative research. Explain how they differ and relate | | ...
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...Nature of Research | 1.1. Why Business Research is Needed | * To make a decision on business strategy * To analyze market * To understand and predict demand * To learn about competition * To improve marketing and sales efforts * To introduce new products and services * For many other reasons | | | 1.2. Defining Research | 1.2.1. What is Involved in Research | A research involves the following: | What is Involved in Research | Activity | What Kind | Why | inquiry investigation experimentation examination creation | systematic studious critical diligent exhaustive orderly objective logical | to discover facts to revise accepted principles or conclusions to find new truths to avoid status quo | | 1.2.2. What is Research | Thus Research is | * A systematic, studious inquiry to discover facts, to find new truths, and to avoid status quo. * An orderly, exhaustive investigation to revise accepted principles or conclusions. * A diligent, objective examination to find new truths and revise accepted principles or conclusions. * Other … | 1.2.3. Is There a Better Definition of Research? | One important element in research is that of curiosity! | Research requires of a person an attitude of inquisitiveness: | * I wonder how … * I wonder why … * I wonder what … * I wonder where … * I wonder … | The researcher seeks to know reasons and causes behind events and behavior. | Research is an activity...
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...Writing a successful PhD Proposal General notes It is assumed that the proposal will be presented in typescript, with minimal typographical errors, and written in an appropriately mature and grammatical style. The following is a suggestion as to the information that will be required by CLS to make a decision on your proposal; you do not have to follow this exact format. Note that if applying for studentships or to other funding bodies, pay attention to the relevant rules and guidelines for submitting such an application, which take priority over these general guidelines. When writing your proposal, bear in mind that the proposal is what we judge your application on, assuming your qualifications are appropriate. It therefore needs to identify the subject matter of the proposed research clearly. This enables us not only to judge the quality and originality of the proposed work but allows us to identify whether we have the resources to support you and whether an appropriate supervisor is available. There is no set length for a proposal, but do remember that you need to give us enough information to judge your proposal, but without becoming unnecessarily wordy or repetitive. As a general guideline, a proposal will usually be at least 2,000 words long, plus references and bibliography. When identifying a topic keep in mind the requirements for a PhD. You need to think about how your study will demonstrate originality; it is not enough simply to reproduce existing knowledge. There...
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...How to write a research proposal Framework of the Research Proposal A research proposal is a written document that includes the following information: * Identification of , and rationale for research topic and research questions. (Introduction or Background) * Summary of previous literature (explication, application and evaluation of theory) (Literature review) * Specification of procedure to be followed to answer research questions. (Methodology) The purpose of your proposal is to sell your idea by showing you have thought it through very carefully and have planned a good research study. The introduction and literature section of your proposal. * The purpose of this section is to introduce your research idea, establish its importance (i.e., you want to “sell” it to your reader), and explain its significance. * Flow of the introduction: * Start with a general introduction that * defines the research topic (places it in a context) * demonstrates its importance (provides a rationale) * Flow of the literature review: * Then review the relevant literature. * This review should lead directly into a statement of the purpose of the study and your research questions. Framework of the Methodology section * This provides a written description of the specific actions, plan, or strategy you will take to answer your research questions. * It includes...
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