Oral Exam: Definition of the 4 notions

Myths and heroes: A myth can be defined as a story about gods or heroes, it can be a popular belief or a tradition or a false notion. A hero can be a mythological figure, a person who is admired for his or her achievements, a superhero or maybe a role model or an icon. Examples can be: - a patriotic or national hero (sportsman, politician, human rights defender.....) - a fictitious hero (superhero or film star) - an icon or role model (fashion, tv, music) - a defender of common values - a politician/king/queen who has achieved international recognition

Locations and forms of power: (also called Places and forms of power or Seats and forms of power) In politics and social science, power is the ability to influence people's behaviour. In order to live together members of a community accept rules, regulations, laws. This helps to create social cohesion but can also lead to conflicts and tensions. Even when authority seems absolute, there are always counter-powers which question it, aim at limiting its excesses and resist it. Examples can be: - the power of the media (reality tv, internet v written press) - Financial power (the power of money) - Inequalities between blacks and whites - the fight against oppression and segregation (South Africa, USA) - The American Dream - The Civil Rights movement and political recognition : Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, Malcolm X (can also be linked to the notion of Myths and Heroes)

Idea of Progress The idea of progress can be defined as an improvement, a development or a change - a technical, scientific or social advance which contributes to making the world a better place.

Examples can be: - Scientific Progress - Medical advances, cures for illnesses, cloning, performance enhancing drugs, genetically modified organisms. - Technological Progress- technologies to slow down climate change such as hybrid cars, wind turbines, solar panels, biofuel..... Advances in communication: the internet, social media, mobile phones, video games - how they have changed our lives and the dangers of these modern ways of communication Robots, automated production Nuclear Power - for and against - Social Progress: changes in the quality of life - how does progress affect our society? Education, employment, equality, family life Women's rights, human rights, minority rights . The idea of liberty, freedom, democracy

Spaces and Exchanges This notion deals with the geographical and symbolic areas that all societies occupy and the interactions between men and different societies. Our world is built on the exploration and conquest of new spaces. The different cultural, economic, sociological and language interactions have shaped and characterised our modern-day world. Examples can be: - Trade (the basis of all societies) - Working conditions (telecommuting, internet) - Globalization (the world has become a small village) - School and education (social diversity / knowledge) comparison of the different educational systems - The Internet / social networks... - the movement of people: Immigration - movement across borders (Gap Year)