...own words, explain three (3) world arguments for birth control and two (2) world arguments against birth control. Give original examples (not in the textbook) or further clarification of each viewpoint or position. Our world has many different views on birth control. There are some positive and many are negative effects of birth control. Some of the positive arguments the world has for birth control are: services need position, human rights position, and population control. Some of the negative arguments the world has are: religious doctrines and medical risk. Let’s begin by looking at some of the positive arguments for birth control. Service needs position is a positive argument because according to data and surveys, there is a great demand for fertility control in many countries; therefore, the main problem is to provide modern fertility control to motivated people. The failure of some of the population services will cause overpopulation. The second world argument is the human rights position. It is the fundamental right for each person to determine the size of their family. The human right will allow a woman the right to control her own body. The last positive argument is population control. Programs are set in place to help bring about low mortality and fertility levels. To rapid of growth population can cause social and economic problems. All three of these arguments have one main common denominator and that is to control overpopulation in the world. Now...
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...1. a. whether or not dumping should be permitted is a moral question. b. “Are dangerous products of any use in the third world?” is a nonmoral (scientific) question. c. “Is it proper for the U.S. government to sponsor the export of dangerous products oversea?” is a moral question. d. Whether or not the notification system works as its supporters claim works it nonmoral (factual) question. e. “Is it legal to dump this product overseas?” is a nonmoral (legal) question. 2. Explain what dumping is, giving some examples. Does dumping raise any moral issues? What are they? What would an ethical relativist say about dumping? Dumping is that manufacturers export their products with a cheaper market price to overseas countries which have not qualified the health safety standard. In this case, manufacturers sold young children pajamas which contained dangerous chemical Tris that could harmful children’s health. The second example which is the manufacturers sold 450,000 baby pacifiers that can cause death with choking and selling U.S banned pesticides and drugs. Dumping has raised a moral issue which those manufacturers want to avoid the profit loss. Even though they knows that those products can harm people’s health and safety, they still sold to overseas and claimed that people should be free to make own choice of their benefit. 3. Speculate on why dumpers dump. Do you think they believe that what they are doing is morally permissible? How would you look...
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...enjoyment * Financial factors * Status of a couple’s relationship * Prior experiences * Future plans The widespread use of contraceptives points to both an increased awareness of responsibility for contraception and options available. Understanding this concept, its work and how they compare in terms of benefits and disadvantages is necessary for successful counseling. Legal and ethical issues must also be considered when counseling clients. The arguments about contraception fall into several groups: * philosophical arguments such as the "natural law" argument * arguments based on different ideas of marriage, sex and the family * human rights arguments such as * 'procreative liberty' * a woman's right to control her own body * human rights arguments about mass birth control programs * arguments based on the good or bad consequences of birth control (consequentialism) * arguments about the environmental and resource problems caused by over-population * religious arguments Background of the Study The Reproductive Health Bill, popularly known as the RH Bill, is a...
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...Pregnancy” Question 1). However, the government chooses to only fund abstinence programs in schools. If a school chooses to have an abstinence plus birth control program, the government will not present them with any federal funds to help cover the costs of the program (Lindberg, Laura, Duberstein, and Isaac Maddow-Zimet 332). Not only will the government refuse to fund the program, but the parents are also scared such courses will negatively influence their children and churches say it goes against moral conduct. The church argument should be invalid if our country wants to live up to the separation of church and state. The church should not be able to dictate what students learn. However, that is beside the point. Until schools have the backing of the community and parents, this will not be changed. The media also plays a big role in negative influences on teen pregnancy. In my opinion, this is something that classes could change. Deciding on who should receive this education is another debate. Everyone should receive this education. The information is very helpful and useful. When asked about sex education, Helen B. Shaffer had this to say, “while sex education in the schools has become fairly prevalent, much of it still skirts around the very questions on which young people need more knowledge, understanding, and guidance” (Section 1 Paragraph 3). Students may have questions even if they have never had any formal sex education classes. Because sexual activities and unplanned pregnancies...
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...Transforming National Identity Colonization and rule are recurrent themes in world history, and many different civilizations have made various contributions to our world culture – ports of trade, sites of religion, and even forms of national identity and nationalism. Antonino “Matatag” Guevara y Mendoza speaks his personal experiences and resulting opinions in History of One of the Initiators of the Filipino Revolution of his fight alongside fellow Filipino revolutionaries for independence against Spanish rule. Mendoza’s military pursuits and motivational contributions as a soldier and organizer in the Filipino Revolution help to demonstrate the ultimate transformation of the Philippines and its sense of national identity. Although Spain made its positive socio-economic influences such as promoting Roman Catholic religion, improving economic development, and organizing rule, Mendoza’s journey with the growing organization and bonding culture of the Filipino country and community to fight for independence prove that the journey of the Filipino Revolution still brought this greater transformation of national identity in Philippine history. With issues such as continued control by the US and gaining no initial recognition from the Spanish and the US after the Philippine Declaration of Independence, the immediate aftermath of the Revolution may not have necessarily correspond to their desired goals of establishing independence as a nation. However, the path towards the...
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...polarizing national issue today – was passed on December 18, 2012, after 13 years in Congress. Anti-RH advocates immediately questioned the constitutionality of the law before the SC. The high court is expected to decide on the case in April, with insiders predicting the law could be headed for defeat in the Supreme Court. House Speaker Feliciano Belmonte Jr has said that declaring the RH law as unconstitutional would be "a veto against the will of majority of our people." As decision time nears, frustrated reproductive health supporters are taking the fight to the social media world. The #Yes2RH campaign was initiated by Likhaan Center for Women's Health, in cooperation with several other pro-RH organization.It will run from March 28 until April 8. Likhaan calls on other RH advocates to support the campaign, and hopefully influence the upcoming SC decision. Using the hashtag #Yes2RH, they've started a campaign that asks citizens to upload selfies on their Facebook and Twitter accounts. Here is the format: Name, Designation 1, Designation 2 (optional) Location #Yes2RH A few celebrities and citizens have already uploaded their...
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...traditional arrangement may have changed as families have changed, and many feminists use the term ‘dual burden’ to describe the woman’s role in the family today. Item 2B Government policies and laws include tax and benefit policies as well as legislation such as relating to divorce and marriage. Sociologists have different views on the impact of these policies and laws on families. For example, feminists argue that social policies assume that the ideal family is a patriarchal nuclear family, and that government policies and laws therefore favour this sort of family. On the other hand, the New Right argue that the benefit system undermines traditional nuclear families by actively encouraging lone parents. 0 6 Explain what is meant by the ‘dual burden’ (Item 2A). (2 marks) 0 7 Explain the difference between the expressive role and the instrumental role (Item 2A). (4 marks) 0 8 Suggest three ways in which the differences between children and adults are becoming less clear in society today. (6 marks) 0 9 Examine the reasons for, and the effects of, changes in family size over the past 100 years or so. (24 marks) 1 0 Using material from Item 2B and elsewhere, assess sociological views of the impact of government policies and laws on family life. Item 2A Over the past 40 years or so, there has been a decline in the number of first marriages in the United Kingdom. One of the reasons for this decline is the change in the role of women in society. In order to develop their careers...
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...They would then need to terminate the pregnancy, so she could live. Often some anti-abortion protesters say they would give up their life to let the baby have his, there is unbalance on this situation. First if the child is only a couple of months old and needs to be taken away from the mother, it would be very difficult to try breathing on its own. Also will probably cause further problems for the child in the future. This is why it's more sure the mother could survive after because her immune system is much stronger then the baby. It's believed that we think the baby is not human until 3 months into the pregnancy. That's false, just because it not considered a human doesn't mean it not. The word fetus means little one in latin language. The heart starts beating at 22 days, thats is merely a month old, that is because it helps grow the baby more everyday. The body and organs created and all in function, the brain starts forming and functioning at 6 weeks. Abortion is only allowed at certain time in pregnancy, some clinics only will do the procedure at 12 weeks, some specialize in the third trimester. Abortion is legal all nine...
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...relationship between theory and meta-theory? A theory is a logical explanation of how a given empirical phenomenon works. A set of concepts and a set of logical theoretical statements that link those concepts to each other, in order to explain a specific sociological phenomenon. Orienting theories entail what and how to study. (i.e. symbolic interactionism) They provide assumptions and central questions to be studied; conceptual schemes; guidelines to study raised questions A meta-theory is Two orienting strategies are order and actions. ------------------------------------------------- ii. What are the basic elements of theory? (Understand them and be able to explain their role in a theory) iii. What is causality? What are the main conditions for establishing a causal relationship? Causality: an invariable, temporal, and asymmetrical relationship between phenomena in which the existence of one phenomenon in a given for inevitably leads to the existence of a second phenomenon. 1. Covariation: both phenomena vary together (i.e education and income) 2. Nonspuriousness: the relationship between 2 phenomena cannot be explained by the third (ie ice cream and drownings, number of doctors and number of deaths in an area) 3. ------------------------------------------------- Time order: cause happens before the effect. Not always as obvious as it appears to be. (i.e. obvious- depression and suicide) (not obvious- achievement and motivation) iv. The two orienting...
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...P1: Behaviourist Approach. An introduction into this perspective is that it studies how conditioning, reinforcement and social learning influence behaviour. It does this through laboratory experiments and observations. In witch they use animals and humans. It is a scientific approach to measure behaviour and investigate how behaviour is learned. They argue that the environment shapes behaviour. Also argued that genetics and cognition are deemed as unimportant in determining behaviours. There are three main theories to this perspective which are: Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Social learning. Classical conditioning: Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) was working with dogs to investigate their digestive systems; he noticed that one dog began to salivate when Pavlov assistant entered the room with food. Pavlov thought the dog had learned to associate the assistant with food. This meaning food automatically lead to response of salivation, this is called an unconditioned response. The food was the unconditioned stimulus. As the production of saliva was automatic and not learnt. With this, an unconditioned stimulus leads to an unconditioned response. Pavlov then introduced a bell at feeding time, the bell was a conditioned response as the dog then produced saliva on the bell ringing as the dog associated the bell with feeding time. This happened over several trails and then the dog learned this. Eventually it began to salivate when only the bell was rung and no food was...
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... disagreement A characteristic of ethics and ethical argumentation consistency: A. It is always wrong to kill a human being B. Abortion is not always wrong C. I am committed to holding that abortion isn’t always the killing of a human being a. This sets a limit on the subjectivity of ethics b. Another such limit: factual accuracy c. One can enjoy a taste without knowing what it is d. In ethics we have to understand the facts of the matter: patient’s prognosis, wishes etc in regards to resuscitation (2) Ethical relativism A. Similarity to subjectivism: B. Ethics depends upon a group, a culture etc. a. Darius: eat or burn one’s dead b. Herodotus each culture things its custom best c. Nomos vs. Phusis d. Anthropology: no superior morality which...
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...Bharat Abhiyan”- through their hazardous emissions and discharges of toxic elements into water streams. My other group mates started covering their mouths and all to save them from being “polluted” as they are hailing from affluent families which had never an occasion of an iota of materialistic misery!! I was at the same struck by a new concept in economics that can be referred to as “Ecological Imperialism” which presents itself most obviously in the following ways: the pillage of resources of some countries by others and the transformation of the whole ecosystems upon which the whole nation depends, the dumping of ecological wastes, the exploitation of ecologically vulnerable societies to promote imperialist control. The US-led attacks on Iraq in the guise of “ War against Terror” in order to capture the oil reserves is a stark example of such imperialism. On interviewing people who are having to work there in the same industries out of no choices barely left as a consequence to the...
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...Causal Argument “Andrea Yates: A Fallen Angel?” Introduction The tragic and shocking case grabbed the attention of millions of people—Andrea Yates was found guilty of drowning her five children in June 20, 2001. She was sentenced to life in prison on March 12, 2002. Yates' conviction was later overturned on appeal by a Texas jury on July 26, 2006. The jury ruled Yates to be not guilty by reason of insanity. She was consequently committed by the court to the North Texas State Hospital, a high-security mental health facility in Vernon, Texas (Wikipedia). What drove Andrea to commit such atrocities? Why would a mother kill her own children? How can someone be so cold and calculated? Was she possessed by evil spirits, or was she legitimately sick? I will attempt to sort through these and many other questions and arguments posed by many. The Faithful Morning Around 10:00 a.m. on June 20, 2001, Rusty Yates received a shocking phone call from his wife, Andrea, whom he had left only an hour before…"You need to come home," she said. “It's time. I did it.” He dropped everything he was doing at the time and left his job as a NASA engineer at the Johnson Space Center. When he arrived fifteen minutes later, the police and ambulances were already at their Houston, Texas home. Rusty was told he could not go into the house, so he put his forehead against a brick wall, trying to process the horrifying news, and waited (Ramsland). Restless for information, he went to...
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...Bharat Abhiyan”- through their hazardous emissions and discharges of toxic elements into water streams. My other group mates started covering their mouths and all to save them from being “polluted” as they are hailing from affluent families which had never an occasion of an iota of materialistic misery!! I was at the same struck by a new concept in economics that can be referred to as “Ecological Imperialism” which presents itself most obviously in the following ways: the pillage of resources of some countries by others and the transformation of the whole ecosystems upon which the whole nation depends, the dumping of ecological wastes, the exploitation of ecologically vulnerable societies to promote imperialist control. The US-led attacks on Iraq in the guise of “ War against Terror” in order to capture the oil reserves is a stark example of such imperialism. On interviewing people who are having to work there in the same industries out of no choices barely left as a consequence to the...
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...‘spina bifida’, a congenital defect to the lower spine, which negatively affects the nerve supply to the lower limbs, bladder and bowel. He suffers from a brain defect as well.1 In 1994, a Dutch girl named Kelly Molenaar was also born severely handicapped. By the time she was two-and-half-years old she was diagnosed as being retarded, autistic, not fully grown, not able to walk or talk, suffering from heart disease, bad hearing and poor eyesight and she was not able, at that time, to recognize her parents. She had been admitted to hospital on nine occasions due to continuous crying, believed to be caused by pain.2 Comparable stories about severely handicapped children can be found in several other countries as well. Both Brian and Kelly were not supposed to have been born in the sense that their mothers would have chosen for an abortion had they known in time about the birth defects their children would suffer. Brian’s mother would have undergone a termination of her pregnancy had the obstetrician and gynaecologist she consulted detected any abnormalities in the foetus and advised her thereof. Kelly’s mother had asked the obstetrician she consulted to carry out some tests regarding possible hereditary diseases and genetic defects, because she had decided to terminate the pregnancy if the tests on the foetus would show severe disabilities. She did so because there was a history of chromosome defects in her husband’s family and she herself had already suffered two miscarriages previously...
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