...1. Getting started It is a matter of some interest that logic and the law should share so many of their foundational concepts – concepts such as proof, evidence, truth, inference, probability, plausibility, presumption and reasonableness – and yet should have had very little to say to one another within living memory. It is not especially surprising that logic and the law should have suffered (I use the word in its Latin sense) this alienation. With regard to its foundational concepts – for example, the concept of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, the concept of the balance of probabilities, the concept of the reasonable person – the law embeds am implied epistemology of implicity. There exists among practitioners, especially judges, the view that definitions and formalizations of such notions are both unnecessary and is liable to conceptual distortion. But definitions and formalizations are mother’s milk to logicians. Where the law favours approximation and contextually sensitive nuance, logicians thrive on exactitude and rigour. So why wouldn’t the lawyers and logicians go about their business without the regard of the one for the other? It would be wrong to leave the impression that there is no analytical exactitude in the law. It would also be a mistake to suggest that there has been no contact with the formal disciplines. Trials are often complex and judgements often embed exhaustive and detailed analyses of relevant points of law. In recent years probability theorists have...
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...SECTION IV SCEPTICAL DOUBTS CONCERNING THE OPERATIONS OF THE UNDERSTANDING PART I All the objects of human reason or enquiry may naturally be divided into two kinds, to wit, Relations of Ideas, and Matters of Fact. Of the first kind are the sciences of Geometry, Algebra, and Arithmetic; and in short, every affirmation which is either intuitively or demonstratively certain. That the square of the hypothenuse is equal to the square of the two sides, is a proposition which expresses a relation between these figures. That three times five is equal to the half of thirty, expresses a relation between these numbers. Propositions of this kind are discoverable by the mere operation of thought, without dependence on what is anywhere existent in the universe. Though there never were a circle or triangle in nature, the truths demonstrated by Euclid would for ever retain their certainty and evidence. Matters of fact, which are the second objects of human reason, are not ascertained in the same manner; nor is our evidence of their truth, however great, of a like nature with the foregoing. The contrary of every matter of fact is still possible; because it can never imply a contradiction, and is conceived by the mind with the same facility and distinctness, as if ever so conformable to reality. That the sun will not rise to-morrow is no less intelligible a proposition, and implies no more contradiction than the affirmation, that it will rise. We should in vain, therefore, attempt to demonstrate...
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...Mid Sweden University Department of Social Sciences Business Administration D Master Thesis Fachhochschule Aachen Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften Europäischer Studiengang Wirtschaft Diplomarbeit THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON CASH HOLDINGS – A Quantitative Study of Swedish Manufacturing SMEs Author: Place of Birth: 1st Examiner: 2nd Examiner: Tutor: Term: Due Date: Maxime Abel Frankenthal, Germany Prof. Håkan Boter (Mid Sweden University) Prof. Dr. Jürgen Stephan (Fachhochschule Aachen) Dr. Darush Yazdanfar Summer 2008 May 30th, 2008 Abstract This study examines the impact of working capital management on cash holdings of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Sweden. The aim of this work is to theoretically derive significant factors related to working capital management which have an influence on the cash level of SMEs and test these in a large sample of Swedish manufacturing SMEs. The theoretical framework for this study consists of a treatise of motives for holding cash, working capital management and cash level. From these theoretical findings, two hypotheses are deduced: • H1: Cash holdings are negatively related to the presence of cash substitutes • H2: Cash holdings are positively related to working capital management efficiency The quantitative investigation consists of the statistical analysis – namely comparison of means and correlation analysis – of key figures which are calculated from the financial statements...
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...MNUALLL/301/0/2013 Tutorial Letter 101/0/2013 General tutorial letter for proposal, dissertation and thesis writing MNUALLL Year module Department of Health Studies IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This tutorial letter contains important information about your module. Note: Copyright pertaining to Mouton (2006) has been ceded to Unisa CONTENTS Page 1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 2 WELCOME ................................................................................................................................... 6 SECTION 1: BEING REGISTERED FOR THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL MODULE (RPM) .... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 7 Application .................................................................................................................................... 7 Registration for Research Proposal Module (RPM) ...................................................................... 7 Registration................................................................................................................................... 8 Appointment of supervisor ............................................................................................................ 8 Guidelines for writing a proposal ...............................................................................................
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...1 Aims Editorials and op-ed articles in the presa are generally expected to express opinions. (Op-ed articles are opinion pieces published on the page opposite the editorials.) Depending on the type and the stance of the newspaper, these opinions may vary considerably in their ideological presuppositions. This rather common formulation seems to imply that the ideologies of journalists somehow influence their opinions, which in turn influence the discourse structures of the opinión articles. Within the framework of a larger project on discourse ideology, this chapter examines some of the theoretical properties of these complex relafions between ideology, opinions and media discourse. For instance, we need to spell out what exactly we mean by 'ideology' here, what the nature is of the common-cense notion of an 'opinion', and by what discourse structures they may be expressed. At one level of analysis, opinions and ideologies involve beliefs or mental representations, and our approach therefore first takes a 22 Teun A. van Dijk cognitive perspective. On the other hand, the ideologies and opinions of newspapers are usually not personal, but social, institutional or political. This requires an account in terms of social or societal structures. In fact, we integrate both approaches finto one sociocognitive theory that deals with shared social representations and their acquisition and uses in social contexts. And finally, since we examine in particular the sometimes subtle textual...
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...This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review The Use and Influence of Comparative Law in ‘Wrongful Life’ Cases Ivo Giesen* 1. Introduction** 1.1. Comparable stories of great grief In 1993, a South African boy named Brian Stewart was born severely handicapped. He suffers from ‘spina bifida’, a congenital defect to the lower spine, which negatively affects the nerve supply to the lower limbs, bladder and bowel. He suffers from a brain defect as well.1 In 1994, a Dutch girl named Kelly Molenaar was also born severely handicapped. By the time she was two-and-half-years old she was diagnosed as being retarded, autistic, not fully grown, not able to walk or talk, suffering from heart disease, bad hearing and poor eyesight and she was not able, at that time, to recognize her parents. She had been admitted to hospital on nine occasions due to continuous crying, believed to be caused by pain.2 Comparable stories about severely handicapped children can be found in several other countries as well. Both Brian and Kelly were not supposed to have been born in the sense that their mothers would have chosen for an abortion had they known in time about the birth defects their children would suffer. Brian’s mother would have undergone a termination of her pregnancy had the obstetrician and gynaecologist she consulted detected any abnormalities in the foetus and advised her thereof. Kelly’s mother had asked the obstetrician she consulted to carry out some...
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...RUNNING HEAD: THE CONCEPT OF KNOWLEDGE IN KM The concept of knowledge in KM: A dimensional model Forthcoming in the Journal of Knowledge Management, Volume 10, No 6, 2006 Bertolt Meyer1 and Kozo Sugiyama2 1 Department of Organizational and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany bmeyer@psychologie.hu-berlin.de 2 School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan sugi@jaist.ac.jp Abstract Purpose: To sharpen the concepts of tacit, implicit and explicit knowledge by linking them to findings from cognitive psychology and memory science and thus finding a possibility for measuring non-explicit knowledge. Methodology/Approach: A review of KM and cognitive science literature leads to a dimensional model of knowledge types that links the concepts from KM to more specific concepts from psychology. One central assumption of the model was empirically tested and put into practice in one small-scale KM project. Findings: The concepts in KM can be linked to concepts from psychology and thus receive theoretical support. The developed model enables psychometric access to a part of non-explicit knowledge through structural assessment techniques. Furthermore, the model has proven to be of value in a practical application in KM. Research limitations: The experiment and the practical application are too small in scope to provide full...
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...Guide de rédaction d’un rapport technique à l’intention des étudiants de la Faculté des sciences et de génie Isabelle Clerc Éric Kavanagh René Lesage Département de langues, linguistique et traduction Faculté des lettres Christian Bouchard Département de génie civil Faculté des sciences et de génie Université Laval décembre 2004 © Tous droits réservés, 2004. AVANT-PROPOS Cette deuxième version du Guide de rédaction d’un rapport technique a été revue de manière à mieux répondre aux exigences des responsables du cours COM-21573 Ingénierie, design et communication. Les règles d’organisation générale d’un document technique sont adaptées à la situation des étudiants inscrits dans le cours. Elles s’articulent autour de leur démarche de recherche. À ce titre, le guide sert de modèle pour la présentation des travaux d’étape et du travail final. Les capsules linguistiques de la première version, auxquelles s’ajoute un développement sur l’art de construire des phrases, ont été intégrées dans une partie intitulée Mise en texte. Les auteurs espèrent que les étudiants tireront profit du guide dans leur démarche de recherche. On pourra aussi consulter les ouvrages suivants pour approfondir la matière sur certains aspects de la rédaction des rapports techniques : Cajolet-Laganière et coll. (1997), Desjeux et coll.(1997), Griselin et coll. (1999), Larose (1992), Clerc (2000). ii RÉSUMÉ Ce Guide de rédaction d’un rapport technique s’adresse aux étudiants...
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...RESEARCH and WRITING CUSTOM EDITION Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener ISBN 0-558-55519-5 Research and Writing, Custom Edition. Published by Pearson Custom Publishing. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing. Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. New York, New York 10036 To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. Permission in writing must be obtained from the publisher before any part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system. All trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, and registered service marks are the property of their respective owners and are used herein for identification purposes only. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-536-97722-4 2005240359 AP Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0-558-55519-5 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING ...
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...WS 2013-14 MSc gEF Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik MSc kEF Management-Ethik MSc aZF Ethik (HMwL) Modul im SPF Management Management Ethik Prof. Dr. Michael Schramm schramm@uni-hohenheim.de Schramm Management-Ethik (WS 2013-14) zwei zentrale Begriffe vorab 1. Kontingenz in Managemententscheidungen bedeutet so viel wie „Ungewissheit“, hier: Ungewissheit der betriebswirtschaftlichen Folgen von managementethischen Vorleistungen Beispiel 01: Die Versenkung der Brent Beispiel 02: Korruption bei Siemens 2. Polydimensionalität von Managemententscheidungen Während der „Markt“ nur eine Dimension wahrnimmt (nämlich ökonomische Preissignale), sind Management-Transaktionen in Unternehmen immer polydimensional: ökonomisch + juristisch + ethisch 2 Schramm Management-Ethik (WS 2013-14) Agenda Intro 1. (Legal) Compliance & (Organizational) Integrity. Zwei managementethische Konzepte 2. Was ist eigentlich (Management-)Ethik? 3. Corporate Social Responsibility 4. Management-Ethik – Macro or Micro Approach? 5. Transaction Ethics. Polydimensionales Kontingenz-Management Outro: Markets & Morals 3 Schramm Management-Ethik (WS 2013-14) (Detail)Agenda Kapitel 5 5. Transaction Ethics. Polydimensionales Kontingenz-Management 5.1 „Transaction Ethics“. Das Grundkonzept 5.2 Die Fairness des Produktpreises 5.3 Management von Korruptions-Rhizomen 5.4 The Extended „Going Concern“: Stakeholder-Kooperationen & Nachhaltigkeitsmarketing 5.5 Verantwortungsmanagement „auf deutsch“...
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...THE THEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RUDOLF BULTMANN one briefly explain the theological of a man whose diversified writings first book How the present decade? Is it extend fromahissignificance review ina 1908 to possible for short essay to disclose fundamental unity in topics which range from source criticism, the history of religion, literary criticism, classical philology, technical exegesis, Gnostic studies, existential philosophy, and hermeneutics to the Gifford Lectures, the theological essay, popular and literate dialogue about the Church, demythologizing, and the relation of the New Testament to daily life?3 If the theological significance is judged in terms of intellectual climate, moral force, and scholarly style or by the more tangible but subtle influence on several generations of scholars, then the theological significance seems almost as elusive as it is palpable. Fortunately, diversity of form and subject is more apparent than real. The theological atmosphere and problematic shaped by Bultmann may be traced to concepts and procedures available to any critical reader. While it is quite correct to note, as did Hans Jonas on the Feiertag celebrated in honor of Bultmann in Marburg, November 16,1976, that it is impossible to separate the man from his writings, for he lived as he wrote,4 we are not here primarily concerned with Bultmann's personal psychological integrity, striking as it is. It may, however, be accurate to say that this escalating unity of life and work...
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...The LEGO Company in Asia 1 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 3 THE LEGO GROUP ............................................................................................................. 6 2.1 PRESENTATION ................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 HISTORY ............................................................................................................................ 7 STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................................... 11 3.1 INTRODUCTORY PART .................................................................................................. 11 3.2 THEORETICAL PART ...................................................................................................... 12 3.3 EMPIRICAL PART ............................................................................................................ 12 3.4 ANALYTICAL PART ......................................................................................................... 13 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 14 4.1 CHOICE OF THEORY ...................................................................................................... 14 4.2 EMPIRICAL CHOICES .......................................
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...Journal of Economic Literature Vol. XLV (March 2007), pp. 83–126 A Flat World, a Level Playing Field, a Small World After All, or None of the Above? A Review of Thomas L. Friedman’s The World is Flat EDWARD E. LEAMER∗ Geography, flat or not, creates special relationships between buyers and sellers who reside in the same neighborhoods, but Friedman turns this metaphor inside-out by using The World is Flat to warn us of the perils of a relationship-free world in which every economic transaction is contested globally. In his “flat” world, your wages are set in Shanghai. In fact, most of the footloose relationship-free jobs in apparel and footwear and consumer electronics departed the United States several decades ago, and few U.S. workers today feel the force of Chinese and Indian competition, notwithstanding the alarming anecdotes about the outsourcing of intellectual services. Of course, standardization, mechanization, and computerization all work to increase the number of footloose tasks, but innovation and education work in the opposite direction, creating relationship-based activities—like the writing of this review. It may only be personal conceit, but I imagine there is a reason why the Journal of Economic Literature asked me to do this review. 1. Prologue hen the Journal of Economic Literature asked me to write a review of The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux 2005) by Thomas Friedman, I responded with enthusiasm,...
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...Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank to accompany A First Look at Communication Theory Sixth Edition Em Griffin Wheaton College prepared by Glen McClish San Diego State University and Emily J. Langan Wheaton College Published by McGrawHill, an imprint of The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright Ó 2006, 2003, 2000, 1997, 1994, 1991 by The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in print form solely for classroom use with A First Look At Communication Theory provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any other form or for any other purpose without the prior written consent of The McGrawHill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. PREFACE Rationale We agreed to produce the instructor’s manual for the sixth edition of A First Look at Communication Theory because it’s a first-rate book and because we enjoy talking and writing about pedagogy. Yet when we recall the discussions we’ve had with colleagues about instructor’s manuals over the years, two unnerving comments stick with us: “I don’t find them much help”; and (even worse) “I never look at them.” And, if the truth be told, we were often the people making such points! With these statements in mind, we have done some serious soul-searching about the texts that so many teachers—ourselves...
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...MBA Management des Ressources Humaines – Promotion 2004-2005 L’égalité professionnelle hommes-femmes : Contrainte légale ou facteur de performances ? « L’égalité ne se décrète pas, elle s’organise » Cristina Lunghi, Présidente Fondatrice d’Arborus Travail réalisé par : Olivier LAVICTOIRE, Laure PELUSO, Patrice VIVANT, Christelle VULLIEN Avec le soutien de Laurent BUTLER , EDF-DEV L’égalité professionnelle hommes-femmes : contrainte légale ou facteur de performances ? Remerciements Nous tenons à exprimer nos remerciements à toutes les personnes qui nous ont soutenus durant ce programme de formation. Nous remercions tout particulièrement : o o o o o o le corps professoral du MBA Christiane Isserte, pour sa constante bonne humeur à nos côtés Les participants pour la richesse de nos échanges Nos sociétés respectives pour leur soutien dans notre démarche Nos conjoints pour nous avoir « supportés » pendant le MBA Les professionnels qui ont pris le temps de nous recevoir : • François Fatoux, Délégué général de l’ORSE, • Rachel Silvera, économiste, maître de conférence à Paris X Nanterre, membre du groupe de recherche MAGE du CNRS, • Evelyne Polzhuber, Chargée de Mission à l’ARACT Ile de France, • Cristina Lunghi, Présidente fondatrice d’Arborus, • Daniel Caille, Directeur Général de Dexia Crédit Local, • Yves Gaillot, Responsable du Recrutement de Dexia Crédit Local, • Michel Berrehouc, Directeur du département Ressources Humaines, Relations Sociales et Cadres Dirigeants...
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