...Top 10 Import/Export Business Ideas That Work By Dave Bui Small businesses in the import/export arena first need to identify the products or services they want to carry. Here are the top 10 import/export ideas you can start on immediately: 1. Food products: The easiest option for export is food-related products. It is easy to find companies that manufacture food products locally for domestic consumption. Many of them never export. If the products are of good quality, you can link up with them and export a part of their produce. 2. Clothing: This is a year-round business, where demand never dries up. Specialized clothing, particularly for women, makes for a great import-export business. If you have access to unique dyeing techniques, printing styles and embroidery methods, you will have a very profitable import-export business. 3. Jewelry: As with clothing, there is always a market for jewelry around the globe. Customized jewelry, ethnic jewelry, handcrafted jewelry make for excellent import/export products. 4. Toys: This is yet another category where there is perennial demand. There is a cultural component associated with toys and, as with jewelry, people are often willing to experience for themselves the trends prevalent in other nations. The matryoshka (“nesting”) dolls of Russia, the cane and bamboo toys of India, the kendama (ring-and-pin toy) of Japan, the piaji (kids’ game) and the yo-yos of China are very popular and are also a sound business idea for import/export...
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...Exim Policy 2002-2007 MARAN LAUNCHES FOCUS: AFRICA PROGRAMME NEW TERRITORIAL INITIATIVE TO BOOST TRADE WITH AFRICA Shri Murasoli Maran, Union Minister of Commerce & Industry, launched the "FOCUS: AFRICA" Programme giving a boost to India’s trade with the Sub-Saharan African Region, while announcing the first 5-year Exim Policy of the new millennium here today. The programme FOCUS:AFRICA is geared towards tapping the tremendous potential for trade with the sub-Saharan African region, which had remained negligible despite the growth recorded in India’s trade with Africa in recent years. The share of the sub-Saharan region in Africa’s total trade has grown from 45 per cent in 1995 to 71 per cent in 1999. During 2000-2001, India’s total trade with Sub-Saharan Africa was US $ 3.3 billion. Out of this, India’s exports accounted for US $ 1.8 billion and imports were US $ 1.5 billion. In the first phase of the "FOCUS: AFRICA" Programme, the target countries identified are: Nigeria, South Africa, Mauritius, Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Ghana. These seven countries accounted for nearly 70 per cent of India’s total trade with the Sub-Saharan African Region during 2000-2001. Similarly, certain target commodities for export focus have also been identified. These are: • Cotton yarn, fabrics and other textile items; • Drugs & pharmaceuticals; • Machinery & instruments; • Transport equipment; and • Telecom and information technology In...
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...stability, and development of an economy. The opening up of trade sometimes works as a sort of industrial revolution in a country whose resources were previously underdeveloped. An outstanding outward-oriented industrialization is superior to inward-oriented industrialization as a policy of economic development, and open economies have generally found to outperform than less open ones (Sachs and Warner, 1995). Industrial development and growth of 1970s and 1980s in some North East and South East Asian economies have also been in line with the lesson that external orientation and foreign trade generate a propelling force for economic development. Trade liberation can lead to significant income increases and effectively promote development by allowing the optional allocation of resources in an economy. Foreign trade is important to the economy because of the country's need to import a variety of products. India exports a huge number of products and imports equally a good number of required products. Amongst the other strategic sectors of an economy, export sector is considered as a catalyst agent for sustaining and accelerating process of economic growth (Aggarwal, 1982). Countries devote home resources to exports because they...
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...Growth of International Trade & its Financing in Bangladesh (This dissertation has been submitted for the partial fulfillment of the 6th term MBM Program) SUBMITTED BY: Mukti Chakraborty MBM 10th Batch Roll No. 100616 SUBMITTED TO: MBM PROGRAM OFFICE CENTER FOR POST GRADUATE STUDIES (CPGS) BANGLADESH INSTITUTE OF BANK MANAGEMENT MIRPUR-2, DHAKA-1216. January, 2008 Acknowledgement At the beginning, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the God most merciful and beneficiary for empowering me conduct the report within scheduled time. I would like to express my profound gratitude and wholehearted respect to my research Guide Dr. Toufic Ahmad Choudhury, Professor and Director, Center for Post Graduate Studies (CPGS), BIBM, Dhaka for his inspiring guidelines, valuable suggestions, constructive criticism and constant help throughout the research work and in preparation this report. I am deeply indebted to Dr. Bandana Saha, Professor and Director (Research, Development and Consultancy) and Dr. A.S.M. Ahsan Habib, Associate Professor of BIBM, Dhaka to allow me to work on my desired dissertation topic and their consistent valuable suggestion, active inspiration and constant help to construct and illustrate this work. Indeed I am grateful to all faculty members of BIBM from whom I was inspired and supported in various ways during the research and at the time of study. I am also indebted to the entire library officers and staffs of BIBM...
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...INTERNATIONAL TRADE & INVESTMENT Prof. Dr. Natalia Ribberink World Trade Center, Seoul, South Korea (Picture: Ribberink) INTERNATIONAL TRADE & INVESTMENT Preliminary Notes World Trade Center, Seoul, South Korea (Picture: Ribberink) Preliminary notes • Combination of lecture, seminar, group work and other forms of learning as appropriate; • Grading: working paper 60%, case studies 40% • Communication: natalia.ribberink@haw-hamburg.de © Prof. Dr. Natalia Ribberink 3 Agenda Chapter 1: Chapter 2: Chapter 3: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: International trade and investment environment International trade policy and instruments Forms of international trade FDI theories, patterns and forms FDI policy instruments For details s. Syllabus (will be provided in class on Nov 10, 2015). © Prof. Dr. Natalia Ribberink 4 Message icons Further reading Question for group discussion Case study Int. Trade & Investment Vocabulary © Prof. Dr. Natalia Ribberink 5 Online sources: AuslandsGeschäftsAbsicherung des Bundes: www.agaportal.de Außenwirtschaftsportal: www.ixpos.de Berne Union: www.berneunion.org.uk Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau: www.kfw.de OECD: www.oecd.org Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland: www.destatis.de The Economist: www.economist.com UNCTAD: www.unctad.org World Trade Organisation: www.wto.org © Prof. Dr. Natalia Ribberink 6 CHAPTER 1: International trade & investment environment Westside Market...
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...Foreign Trade Foreign Trade Policy India’s Foreign Trade Policy Foreign Trade Policy 2015 – 2020 3 05/01/2016 Composition Of Foreign Trade • Composition of foreign trade means major commodity or sectors in which India is doing export and import. India is a very old participant in world trade. Its participation have been promoted by the opening of Suez Canal and speedy development of the ship building industry supplemented by the spread of industrial revolution in Europe and fast expansion of Indian railways. Composition Export Fuels, Capital Goods, Chemicals, Food Grains, Petroleum Products, Capital Goods, Pearls and Precious Gems, Iron and Steel Fertilizers, Edible Oil 05/01/2016 Import Manufactured goods textiles , Gems and Jewellery, Handicraft, Light machinery etc. 4 IMPORTS It refers to goods that we buy from other countries. At times of independence India was an agrarian economy. Partition of our country has brought food shortage because wheat growing regions vested with Pakistan. Hence India need to import in large quantities, food , cotton jute. Etc With development of economy over these days, there occurred changes in composition of imports. The development required setting up of industries, modernization of agriculture etc. Capital goods like machinery, chemicals, fertilizers ,metals, minerals petroleum products etc. are imported . 5 EXPORTS Exports means that we are selling commodities...
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...Balance of Payment ? Solution to correct balance of payment disequilibrium lies in earning more foreign exchange through additional exports or reducing imports. Quantitative changes in exports and imports require policy changes. Such policy measures are in the form of monetary, fiscal and non-monetary measures. Monetary Measures for Correcting the BoP ↓ The monetary methods for correcting disequilibrium in the balance of payment are as follows :- 1. Deflation Deflation means falling prices. Deflation has been used as a measure to correct deficit disequilibrium. A country faces deficit when its imports exceeds exports. Deflation is brought through monetary measures like bank rate policy, open market operations, etc or through fiscal measures like higher taxation, reduction in public expenditure, etc. Deflation would make our items cheaper in foreign market resulting a rise in our exports. At the same time the demands for imports fall due to higher taxation and reduced income. This would built a favourable atmosphere in the balance of payment position. However Deflation can be successful when the exchange rate remains fixed. 2. Exchange Depreciation Exchange depreciation means decline in the rate of exchange of domestic currency in terms of foreign currency. This device implies that a country has adopted a flexible exchange rate policy. Suppose the rate of exchange between Indian rupee and US dollar is $1 = Rs. 40. If India experiences an adverse balance of payments...
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...economic growth. The introduction of economy reforms and an open door policy by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 had resulted in a rapid expansion in China’s international trade together with dramatic economy growth which has made China emerged as a key player in global economy. China is the fastest growing economy in the world with its Gross Domestic Production (GDP) growing at nearly 10 per cent a year and turned it into the second largest economy after United State. (Agarwal & Wu, 2004) China’s stable political system, vast natural resources and abundant skilled and unskilled worker has made it into a path to become “The World’s Factory”. (Sun & Heshmati, 2012) High productivity level of China has made it became the world’s largest exporting country which accounted for 10.9% of world’s export as in 2012. (Nation Master, 2013) In addition to stated-owned enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises also engage in foreign trade. Thus, China has formed an all-round and diversified import and export market. This study investigates the changes of China’s trade pattern from 1980 to 2012. Next, we will discuss the majors impacts on China’s international trade associated with the domestic and international events and policies took place during these year. Lastly, we will study the top 5 export and import trading partners of China in 2012. (212) Discussion China’s Trade Pattern Figure 1: Imports and Exports as a Percentage of GDP in China from 1980 to 2012 Prior 1978,under...
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...Bangladesh where foreign exchange scarcity constitutes a critical bottleneck. Export trade can largely meet ‘foreign exchange gap’, and export growth would increase the import capacity of the country that, in turn, would increase industrialization, as well as overall economic activities. Bangladesh’s import needs are substantial; hence the need to rapidly increase exports is immediate. In order to finance the imports and also to reduce the country’s dependence on foreign aid, the Government of Bangladesh has been trying to enhance foreign exchange earnings through planned and increased exports. However, the global trade scenario has exposed structural limitations of the Bangladesh economy, posing a variety of challenges for the country that has underdeveloped technology and a low capital base. In this assignment we discuss the composition, performance and trends of foreign trade of Bangladesh. In the process, we examine Bangladesh’s export and import performance compared to those of various countries, regions and the world over the years. We also discuss the sources of Bangladesh’s imports and directions of Bangladesh’s exports and the dynamic changes over the years, and highlight the trends of export and import shares to GDP and trade balance positions with different countries, regions as well as the world. Export: "Foreign demand for goods produced by home country" In national accounts "exports" consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants)...
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...Environment-Unit-V FEB-2014 Unit-V-EXIM policies & FEMA: India’s new EXIM policy- legal framework- initiatives, FEMA – Multi-national companies and FDI.Case 1:- RBI Slaped Rs. 125 Crore on Reliance Infrastructure. A Case Study on FEMA, (Dr. VivekMittal, page no.655) Case2:- China as an Expert Base, (David W. Conklin, page no.574 EXIMPOLICIES Exim Policy or Foreign Trade Policy is a set of guidelines and instructions established by the DGFT - Directorate General of Foreign Trade , in matters related to the import and export of goods in India. The Foreign Trade Policy of India is guided by the Ex port Im port in known as in short EXIM Policy of the Indian Goernment and is regulated by the Foreign Trade Development and Regulation Act, !!" . DGFT #Directorate General of Foreign Trade$ is the main goerning body in matters related to !xim "olicy. The main ob#ectie of the Foreign Trade $Deelopment and %egulation& 'ct is to proide the deelopment and regulation of foreign trade by facilitating imports into, and expand exports from India. Foreign Trade 'ct has replaced the earlier law known as the imports and !xports $(ontrol& 'ct )*+. EXIM Policy Indian EXIM Policy contains arious policy related decisions taken by the goernment in the sphere of Foreign Trade, i.e., with respect to imports and exports from the country and more especially export promotion mea%ure% , policies and procedures related thereto. Trade "olicy...
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...Japan’s Export: A Business Opportunity Maria Griselda Dillet Marketing 4308 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Japan 5 Government and Politics 5 Foreign Relations 6 Economy 6 Imports and Export 7 Imports 8 Export 9 Business Opportunity 10 Making the Opportunity Work 13 Recommendations 14 Declaration 16 Works Cited 17 Executive Summary Japan is a country east of South Korea, China, Russia and North Korea. It consists of 6852 islands. The country’s authority is vested in the monarchy. There is an Emperor, who is a ceremonial figure. The country has two parliaments, i.e. the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors. Japan has strong foreign relations being a member of the APEC, G8 and ASEAN. It has been a member of the United Nations since 1956. It is the third in the world as far as the national economy is rated. Japan’s main imports are raw materials, fuels, machinery and equipment, textiles, chemicals and foodstuffs. Its main import partners are the United States, Saudi Arabia, European Union, China and United Arab Emirates. The country’s main exports are motor vehicles, office machinery, semiconductors, scientific and optical equipment and other electronic components. It exports products to the United States, European Union, South Korea, Hong Kong, China and Taiwan. The idea is to start a company and locate it in one of the African countries. This company will be involved...
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...can achieve significan human and social development at relatively low levels of income along with creating strong fundamentals and future growth. The integration of developing and least developed countries with the global economy increased sharply in the 1990s with change in their economic policies and lowering of barriers to trade and investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected to benefit poor countries such as Bangladesh in a number of ways. Firstly, it supplements domestic investment which is low due to lack of resources in these countries. Secondly, FDI is expected to generate employment, transfer, increase domestic competition and bring other positive externalities such as transfer of good practices. Bangladesh offers attractive investment opportunities to foreign investors and has adopted policies to attract FDI into the country. In fact Bangladesh seems to offer one of the most liberal FDI regimes in South Asia. The economic model was developed based on the past behavior of GDP and the external sector. It indicated that FDI is the sector having the most significant impact on GDP and aid the second most significant. While imports negatively affect economic growth, exports have played a very important role over the period. During the 1990s, notable progress was made in economic performance. Along with maintaining economic stabilization with a significantly reduced and declining dependence on foreign aid, the economy appeared to begin a transition from stabilization...
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...Module 1: Commercial policy Origin of Commercial Policy Ricardo in 1817 proposed the theory of comparative cost advantage which brought out the capacity of one nation to produce more of a good with the same amount of input than another country. To prove Comparative cost advantage in India arises due to a billion people having advantage in production of goods or services that require large amounts of labor. Factors like ability to speak English, low labor costs due to large workforce, cheaper internet, and telephone communications add to the advantage. International trade cycle The commercial policy adapts a change as per the changing international trade cycle. The international trade shows stages like emerging exports with mass production followed by foreign competition and finally competition from imports. 1. Exports May be only manufacturer of new product Overseas customers learn of product, export market develops 2. Foreign production Export volume grows Production technology becomes stable Reduced costs for transportation Exports diminish 3. Foreign competition Foreign manufacturers gain experience Compete in export markets 4. Import competition Foreign producers obtain economies of scale Compete in quality and undersell domestic company in domestic market. Due to this dynamic business setting, the trade policy has to emerge and adapt it self to international demands and cause economic development. Comparative advantage theory of David...
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...economic models developed to determine the impact of each sector-Export, Import, Foreign Aid and Remittance, on GDP of Bangladesh. It also involves an analysis of the behavior of these factors in three SAARC countries and the application of the regression model developed. The economic model was developed based on the past behavior of GDP and the external sector. It indicated that Remittance is the sector having the most significant impact on GDP and aid the second most significant. While imports negatively affect economic growth, exports have played a very important role over the period. The remittance of Bangladesh has been increasing over the last few years. Hence, its impact on GDP has also been rising. In the span of 34 years export as percentage of GDP increased from 2.2% to 15.4%. Hence, performance was moderately good. The economy has been suffering from ever increasing trade deficits, despite several export promotional measures. Large import payments mainly account for this problem. Foreign aid shows large fluctuations over the period Finally, an analysis was conducted on the behavior of the external sectors in the SAARC countries using the regression model. Export was found to be the dominant sector in India, while imports had the minimum impact on GDP. Pakistan was found to be more dependent on export and foreign aid than on remittance and import. Sri Lanka’s economy is highly correlated to remittance, aids and export. 1 Literature Review Several studies in recent years...
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... These transactions include payments for the country's exports and imports of goods, services, financial capital, and financial transfers. The Balance of payments accounts summarize international transactions for a specific period, usually a year, and are prepared in a single currency, typically the domestic currency for the country concerned. Sources of funds for a nation, such as exports or the receipts of loans and investments, are recorded as positive or surplus items. Uses of funds, such as for imports or to invest in foreign countries, are recorded as negative or deficit items. According to ‘American Heritage Dictionary’: Balance of payments is a systematic record of a nation's total payments to foreign countries, including the price of imports and the outflow of capital and gold, along with the total receipts from abroad, including the price of exports and the inflow of capital and gold. According to ‘Oxford Dictionary of Geography’: Balance of payments is a comparison between the payments made by one country to other nations of the world and the revenue it receives from them. If receipts exceed outgoings, the balance is positive. The capital account records payments made in settlement of old debts or establishment of new ones; the current account shows payments made on goods and services, including interest payments. The balance of trade is a similar record, but registers only visible exports and imports. According to ‘Investopedia Financial Dictionary’: ...
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