...How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Language Development 1 Claytonia L. Butler Grand Canyon University ECH- 515 October 9, 2013 How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Language Development 2 While searching for information on the topic, I found that language abilities and deficiencies does have a major impact in literacy development. Especially in children from birth to third grade when their language skills are developing. Language abilities and deficiencies should be observed when a child is between Birth to 3rd Grade. Children with poor listening and speaking skills are referred to as having language impairment. Children with language impairment that have reading disorders, are usually defined as having poor reading achievement. The two main components of language development that will be discussed in this essay are: Language Deficiencies and Language Abilities. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the word deficiency means: to have a lack of something needed: the state of not having enough of something necessary. In children who exhibit complications involving phonetic understanding and reading deficiencies will most likely have literacy delay and progress in their overall learning. A deficiency in English language skills can cause problems with teachers and other people whom children encounter as they progress through school...
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...INT J LANG COMMUN DISORD, NOVEMBER–DECEMBER VOL. 2011, 46, NO. 6, 657–664 Research Report Communication skills in a population of primary school-aged children raised in an area of pronounced social disadvantage James Law†‡, Kirsty McBean‡ and Robert Rush‡ †School of Education, Communication & Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK ‡Centre for Integrated Healthcare Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK (Received 10 December 2009; accepted 1 February 2011) Abstract Background: Previous studies have highlighted the level of communication difficulty experienced by children from socially disadvantaged backgrounds, but the pattern of difficulties remains unclear. Aims: The study asks whether the performance of a community sample of children from one of the most socially disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Scotland is best characterized by a general delay in all areas of development, by difficulties across the more formal structural aspects of language or in phonological skills. Methods & Procedures: The study included 138 monolingual English-speaking children: 63 (45.7%) boys and 75 (54.3%) girls aged between 5 and 12 years. All children were assessed blind to educational attainment in the school. Outcomes & Results: Nearly 40% of children had delayed language development with 10% having severe difficulties. The children presented with an uneven profile with much lower structural language scores than reading, general communication skills or non-verbal...
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...SPHY 202: Language Disorders (Acquired) 2 Assessment 2: Case Study MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: Sustained a left-sided MCA CVA involving lateral frontal lobe TIME POST-ONSET: 6 months SPEECH LANGUAGE DIAGNOSIS: Broca’s aphasia characterised by severe difficulties with expressive language skills involving both verbal and written modalities. ------------------------------------------------- Background Ruby is a 39-year old woman who lives at home in the UK with her husband and two children, 9 and 7 years old. Ruby was first admitted to hospital on the 1st of February 2014 following right side weakness in upper and lower limbs, aphasia and an associated fall getting out of bed in the morning. She was found to have an acute left sided middle cerebral artery infarct involving the lateral frontal lobe. The pre-central gyrus was also involved and damage possibly extends to the lateral fissure and subcortical structures. This has resulted in a right-sided hemiplegia affecting her upper limb primarily. No preceding significant medical history. Ruby has previously spent 2 weeks in a specialist stroke unit and then 3 months in a rehabilitation unit during which she received treatment from physio, OT and speech pathology. Include client demographic information; include information about previous intervention details social history, premorbid level of function, and any other relevant medical or allied health intervention details to date. Language Assessment Ruby’s communication...
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...Speech-language impairments embrace a wide range of conditions that have, at their core, challenges in effective communication. As the term implies, they include speech disorders which refer to impairment in the articulation of speech sounds, fluency, and voice as well as language disorders which refer to impairments in the use of the spoken (or signed or written) system and may involve the form of language (grammar and phonology), the content of language (semantics), and the function of language (pragmatics). These may also be described more generally as communication disorders which are typically classified by their impact on a child's receptive skills (the ability to understand what is said or to decode, integrate, and organize what is heard) and expressive skills (the ability to articulate sounds, use appropriate...
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...------------------------------------------------- Midterm Review PT-16 Studyguide 1. ABC approach: A= antecedent, B=behavior, C=consequence * Preventative approaches * Attempts to alter antecedents * Seeks to understand the purpose of function of the behavior * Behavior is presumed to have some reinforcing function 2. Acquired disorders: due to an injury. 3. Akathesia: A syndrome characterized by an inability to remain seated, with motor restlessness and a feeling of muscular quivering; may appear as a side effect of antipsychotic and neuroleptic medication. 4. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR): A primitive reflex, also called fencer’s response, found in infants, usually is no longer evident by 3 months of age. When neck is turned in one direction, the arm shoots out on the same side and flexes on the opposite side; similar changes occur in the legs. 5. Athetoid diplegia: A form of cerebral palsy primarily seen where there is no muscle control in which the legs are more affected than the arms. 6. Athetoid hemiplegia: A form of cerebral palsy which is a form of dyskinetic cerebral palsy associated with athetosis (constant random, writhing involuntary movements of the limbs. One side of the body is more affected than the other; usually, the arm is more affected than the leg. Because the motor neurons that control one side of the body are located in the opposite cerebral cortex, a right-side hemiplegia implies damage to or dysfunction of...
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...Expressive Essay (Observation, Ethnography or Memoir) First Draft ENC 1101 – CR Junkins Purpose: What do I want the student to do? In this course, we will explore the two most commonly used forms of writing for college students: expressive writing and academic writing. Expressive writing captures what is important to the writer. In order to succeed, writers must understand themselves. Such writing is deeply personal. Expressive writing is designed to prepare students for writing outside academics—communicating feelings and observations, beliefs and opinions, community and individuality—all skill sets that will enable students to succeed in any discipline or career path. From a learning perspective, expressive writing is often an easier form of writing than academic. It allows students to begin working with such concepts as language, reasoning and mechanics while working with material they find worth discussing. In this assignment, I want students to carefully examine both themselves and their community. What makes their community unique? What is their place within the community? How did their unique, individual personality take shape? Project Overview: How do I want the student to do the assignment? Component One: Personal Students will choose to write on one of the following three topics: • One’s sense of place (observation) • One’s place within a community (ethnography) • One’s relationship to an event from the past (memoir) ...
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...The use of technology affecting children literacy in writing The use of technology has affected the children literacy in writing, the children use of technology has significantly increased over time. Writing is an imperative literacy skill, one that is constantly changing with the utilization of technology. Some creative software and other word processing softwares support children with the expressive types of writing. Multimedia platform permits children to compose anything with a PC while likewise expanding their inspiration to writing. Corrections onscreen permit students to alter their work and go from a draft to a last composed item easily (Hawkins, 2010). With the use of word processing softwares like the Microsoft word, students can overcome issues with manual print production, in this way staying away from challenges experienced by a few students when writing with pencils or other manual articles. Another advantage of utilizing technology to suppose the art of writing is the use of keyboard (Hawkins, 2010). Using a keyboard prevents troubles for the students who have issues with fine motor abilities that would ordinarily be experienced while physically composing with pencils, pastels or markers (Hawkins, 2010). They additionally examine how word processing can make the progressions of the writing procedure simpler by means of conceptualizing, drafting, altering and changing. Word processing takes into consideration features like simple removal or insertion of words...
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...Do we hav freedom ? * You could say that there is more Freedom of speech, because in the US you can say ANYTHING while in many European countries hate speech is forbidden. That's a question of personal opinion, personally I prefer when hate speech is forbidden, I don't think Freedom of speech's role is to protect racist/xenophobic/homophobic pigs. Americans also have the "freedom" to own guns (though it isn't completely forbidden in other Western countries, just less easy), but this "freedom" is considered barbaric in most of the Western world and is even seen as a threat towards the freedom of others. The fact that it leads to high crime rates doesn't help. For some reason, Americans often seem to associate "Freedom" with guns and most Westerners don't understand that. Freedom of Religion is VERY different among "free" countries. Issues linked to Religion are also treated very differently. "Red Rover", the American Bill of Rights is far, really far from being alone. For example, the slightly older French "Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" is generally considered as the reference for Human Rights. As for the religious aspect of the American Bill or Rights, claiming it's a good thing is a matter of personnal opinion. That and its lack of universalism (it's only about American citizens) are probably the reason the "French" Bill of Rights is considered the reference. You (like other answerers) also seem to think that Democracy (and...
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...more detailed and expressive than narrative essays and are more apt to hold the reader’s attention by ejecting more emotion. The narrative essay uses detail to advance the story, while the descriptive uses to detail to describe an unfamiliar subject. The ability to describe something convincingly is always important to both the writer and their audience. Both descriptive and narrative essays use detail but for different purposes. In this essay I will compare and contrast two essays; “I Want A Wife” and “Caged Bird” in order to give insight into each type of essay. The aim of a narrative essay is to describe a course of events from a subjective point, is usually told in chronological order, and is usually written in first person. Narrative essays are used to tell a story in a way so that the reader learns a lesson or gains insight, much of this is done through lots of detail about the subject that is being written about. The best narrative essays are those inducing images in the reader’s minds about what's happening by using concrete, specific verbs and nouns rather than a lot of adverbs and adjectives. To write a narrative essay you will need to tell a story (usually about something that has happened to you) or it could be fiction. The purpose is for your reader to learn a lesson or gain insight of the subject matter. Narrative essays are usually filled with details that are carefully selected to explain, support and embellish the story. When writing narrative essays...
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...diagnosed or assisted. Learning disabilities affect people’s ability to interpret what they see and hear or to link information across different parts of the brain. These limitations can show up as specific difficulties with spoken and written language, coordination, self-control, or attention. Such difficulties can impede learning to read, write, or do math. The term “learning disability” covers a broad range of possible causes, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Because of this, it is difficult to diagnose a learning disability or pinpoint the causes. The types of learning disabilities that most commonly affect college students are attention disorders and disorders that affect the development of academic skills including reading, writing, and mathematics. Other learning disabilities are related to cognitive skills. Dyslexia, for example, is a common developmental reading disorder. A person can have problems with any of the tasks involved in reading. However, scientists have found that a significant number of people with dyslexia share an inability to distinguish or separate the sounds in spoken words. For instance, dyslexic individuals sometimes have difficulty assigning the appropriate sounds to letters, either individually or when letters combine to form words. However, there is more to reading than recognizing words. If the brain is unable to form images or relate new ideas to those stored in memory, the reader can’t understand or remember the new concepts....
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...don’t know how to put them in paragraphs? Well, no more headaches! With this 6 + 1 writing traits, you will have the most effective essay assignment. The first writing trait is Ideas. You should have a clear, main theme or an unforgettable, but yet, simple and original story line. Then, you are able to focus on the topic and narrow down the story line to create a piece that is clear, tight, and manageable. It is not an effective essay when one covers too broad of a topic and wanders with many unrelated ideas and thoughts. To develop a tight and focused topic, you should provide enough important evidence to support the theme and shows insight on the topic. The best way to accomplish this is to create vivid pictures in the reader’s mind with credible and accurate details. Colorful and complete details also give the readers the confidence of the author’s superior knowledge about the topic, and therefore, make the essay effective. The second writing trait is organization. You should be able to grab the reader’s attention from the start and leads them from point A to point B smoothly and naturally. A variety of carefully selected sequence words and transition phrases are needed for a smooth and easy-to-follow essay. You create a piece by showing how ideas progress, relate or diverge. The writer creates a piece that is easy to follow by fitting details together logically. The 3rd writing trait is Sentence Fluency. The essayist carefully and creatively constructs sentences...
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...Overcoming Hardships In the article “Coming into language” Jimmy Baca describes to readers his personal experiences of growing up on the streets without his parents and the struggle of being illiterate. Baca’s description on his struggles could motivate and bring hope to people who are currently undergoing downfalls in their own lives and help them rise above it. People will relate to Baca’s story as an example of overcoming hardships through perseverance, and being able to heal and be heard through reading and writing. Many people go through difficult circumstances that are not quite how we expect, and it is through perseverance that we are able to break through. Baca is determined to read as he states, “I had always thought reading a waste of time that nothing could be gained by it. Only by action, by moving out into the world and confronting and challenging the obstacles, could one learn anything worth knowing” (6). I agree and relate to this statement, it shows that if we put our minds to it than anything is possible. I have experienced hardship myself. Being a mother of 4 boys and not working, I often wondered how I would make ends meet. I was determined to make changes and only until I mentally did that was I able to make those changes. Baca states, “For a while, a deep sadness overcame me, as if I had chanced on a long-lost friend and mourned the years of separation. But soon the heartache of having missed so much of life, that had numbed me since I was a child...
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...------------------------------------------------- American Dream We all know the great country of freedom and hopes, called America. America is the country where big dreams can become reality. Throughout the years many immigrants, have travelled to America, in the hope of making their dream come true. We have seen many big personalities’ getting their chance in America, and many has later on become big stars in the whole world. The world-known bodybuilder, actor and politician Arnold Schwarzenegger is no exception. In the text “Arnold Schwarzenegger Recalls Lessons from 25 years as a U.S. Citizen - Learn English, Participate in Politics, and Give back”, Arnold is describing how he came to America for his shot at the America dream. The America Dream is when immigrant’s travel to America, for the hope to live out their dream. Arnold came from Austria and he succeeded his American Dream. He became one of the most well known persons in America, and even in the rest of the world. Not only for his politician career, but also his title as “the greatest bodybuilder ever” and his career as an actor. His main point in the text is, that the immigrants who travel to America to live their dream, has a responsibility as well. They have to give something back. You have to be interested in American culture and history, to learn to speak English and participate in politics. This way you will give something back to America. Arnold himself is mentioning that he had the opportunity to give...
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...story written by Yuwen Wu about Guan Moye (known as Mo Yan). Mo Yan, born in February 1955, into a large peasant family, where he learned firsthand the pain of being hungry and lonely; and he used those experiences to write and became a Nobel Prize winner. A writer of both short and long stories and novels about the ordinary lives, culture and spirit in China, many people were certain he would be the winner. The day the winner was announced, the writer was hiding in his house to try and avoid the media. The media, local and foreign, found his house and camped outside ready to celebrate the winner. As Mo Yan explained to the media during a press conference, he was surprised but pleased he won. Mo Yan, ready to continue with research and writing, would hope the media would not stay long; however, being able to openly celebrate, his country wanted to continue celebrating his success. His win has led to many things: have a literature museum and school named after him, a statue built, plans for a tourist route, and stamps, t-shirts, spirit bottles and many other products made with his name and image on them. With the fame brought by winning the Nobel Prize, pressure and anxiety were present followed. Mo Yan is the second richest writer in China, but cannot decide if he is happy. He explains that he is under pressure and stress, so he is not sure how he can be happy, but having won the Nobel Prize, he cannot be unhappy. Having written stories of mostly of rural life being a ‘representative...
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...and using them in unexpected ways. I would string them together like beads on a necklace, carefully selecting and rearranging them for the most ear-pleasing sentence. For me, words were more than a way to communicate - they were a form of art. As I delved into the written word I began to recognize writing as a powerful tool for expression. I turned to poetry and short stories to capture childhood moments, expanding my vocabulary and becoming skilled at transferring raw emotions and ideas onto paper. My parents encouraged me to make frequent trips to the library, and I often staggered home beneath the weight of a pile of novels. When I entered high school as a published author and poet, my writing continued to mature. Although I still marveled at the versatility of language, I now wielded my pen with a more defined sense of purpose. I understood that words could be used for more than the aesthetic appeal that got me through my English essays. They could be used to educate, to inform, and to spread awareness. By junior year, I had transitioned to journalistic writing, and then to more specialized exposition for my advanced science and history classes. I found myself writing more than ten essays and articles a week on topics from 19th century transcendentalism to the inner workings of the digestive system. I...
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