...Assignment on Apparel Industry Compliance System Author: Md. Nasir Uddin, Md.Mozammel Haque, Md.Fakhrul Islam Sumon, Saiful Islam, Kazi Mahbubul Hoq Department of Textile Engineering Daffodil International University Introduction: Bangladesh has emerged as a key player in RMG (Ready Made Garment) sector since 1978. Textiles and clothing account for about 85% of total export earnings of Bangladesh. Out of which, 76% comes from the apparel sector which covers the major products of knit and woven shirts, blouses, trousers, skirts, shorts, jackets, sweaters, sports wears and many more casual and fashion items. |[pic] | |Chart : Bangladeshi RMG export thourghout the decade | The pivotal factor in the apparel industry is the workforce i.e. the sewing operators, the helpers, cutting masters, pattern makers, finishers etc.. Bangladesh is endowed with abundant and cheap labour force that is easily trainable and convertible into semi-skilled and skilled workforce |[pic] | |Fig: garments Manufacturing | Quality of goods exported from Bangladesh has always been questioned by the foreign buyers due to lack of experience and awareness of Garment manufacturers associated in the trade....
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...THE FACTORIES ACT, 1965 [Act No IV of 1965] September 1, 1965 An act to repeal and, with certain amendments, re-enact the Factories Act 1934 (XXV of 1934) CHAPTER I.- PRELIMINARY Section 1. Short title, extent and commencement. - (1) This Act may be called the Factories Act, 1965. (2) It extends to the whole of Bangladesh. (3) It shall come into force at once. Section 2. Definitions. - In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or context, - * (a) 'adolescent' means a person who has completed sixteen years but has not completed eighteen years of age; * (b) 'adult' means a person who has completed eighteen years of age; * (c) 'child' means a person who has not completed sixteen years of age; * (d) 'day' means a period of twenty-four hours beginning at mid-night; * (e) 'explosive substance' includes any materials for making any explosive substance; * (f) 'factory' means any premises including the precincts thereof whereon ten or more workers are working or were working on any day of the preceding twelve months and in any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried on with or without the aid of power, but does not include a mine subject to the operation of the Mines Act, 1923 (IV of 1923). Notes.- The word "premises" ordinarily includes lands and "precincts" means the "limit, bound or exterior line encompassing a place." In order to make it a factory, it is not necessary that the workers should be continuously...
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...Factory reform was very controversial; there was a variety of views on the subject which made it particularly difficult to decide whether it was or wasn’t in the best interests of the population. Many families were in desperate need of money and to some factory reform appeared to economically starve them further while others views were more associated from the well-being of the workers. In this essay I will compare two sources from politicians in the House of Commons that opposed factory reform. The sources do provide, to varying extents, evidence of opposition to factory reform; both sources A and B agree that the passing of the act will result in wages falling for all workers, not just the children. In Source A John Charles Spencer says that the effect of the measure proposed must ‘necessarily be a fall in the rate of wages” which shares the same notion as Henry Thomas Hope’s quote in source B; ‘the manufacturers must either raise the price of the manufactured article or diminish the wages of their workmen.’ Essentially, they have derived these points from the idea of lowering the hours of child labour coincides with the lowering of production, thus the factories make less money to distribute. This was one of the key elements of the controversy; in this period of history working class people barely made any money so it was probable that the deduction of even more money would cause a wide-spread refute amongst them. Although the nature and usefulness of the sources are very...
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...ran over a three day span. The following three years the stock market prices continued to decrease. Towards the end of 1932 the market had dropped about 20 percent of what it was in 1929. “http://www.english.illinois.edu” This decline hurt thousands of individual investors, forcing them to close. Not only did this collapse affect individual investors, but it strained banks and other financial institutions. This strain forced thousands of banks in the United States to close. “http://www.topics.nytimes.com” During this depression unemployment rates rose up to 25 percent. Other countries rose up higher reaching 33 percent. Cities that depended on heavy industries were hit harder and in some countries it halted them. In the mid 1930’s some economies started to recover. Interest rates dropped to low levels, but consumer spending and investments were scarce. Due to the scarce spending, general prices began to drop, but employment wages stayed steady. Even though employment wages stayed steady, there were still millions of people out of work across the United States. A large portion of the unemployed people would ride on the rail...
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...all are equally as important. I feel the five most important topics discussed in this class were the Industrial Revolution, the assembly line, the New Deal, the atomic bomb, and the Civil Rights Act. The Industrial Revolution was one of the most important events in United States history. The Industrial Revolution changed the way of life for Americans as many moved from an agrarian society in rural towns to an urban society in big cities where factories were located. Industrialization led to improvements in transportation and the railroad system which allowed factories to more efficiently transport raw materials. Additionally, the expansion of the railroad system led to the expansion of the United States bringing more remote parts of the country into the national market (“Rise”). The factory system led to increased production and created more jobs, but the working conditions were less than desirable with low wages, long hours, and unsafe conditions. These conditions led to the rise of labor unions and strikes demanding better pay and safer work environments (“Economic”). This led to the passing of laws and regulations protecting employees. The factory system also created different social classes with wealthy industrialists, a prosperous middle class, and a working class. Many factory workers were immigrants looking to create a new life in the United States and this led to a more diverse society (“Rise”). Had the Industrial...
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...Recruitment and Staffing, Compensation and Benefits, Training and Development or the Leadership Development. However, in the past the companies did not use any of the HR value added processes. The story of Human Resources started as evidence of all employees. It dealt with issues and requests. Nothing more was expected to be delivered. The HR Management history is fascinating. The wars usually change the path of Human Resources in organizations and society. The history of Human Resourcesstarts to be interesting with the evolution of the large factories. It was in the 18th century. The rapid development of new industrial approach to work changed the world dramatically. The quick and cheap production became a priority for many industries. The factories hired thousands of workers, who worked up to 16 hours a day. Soon, many entrepreneurs discovered that satisfied employees are more effective and can produce more than depressed employees. Many factories started to introduce voluntary programs for employees to increase their comfort and satisfaction. On the other hand, the government started to intervene to introduce some basic human rights and the work safety legislation. The second rapid development of Human Resources started in the beginning of 20th century. Most...
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...In the 1930s, women had more opportunities. Women were thought to have done housework and taking care of the family. That was false. Women had a few more jobs and it started during the war. After the war ended, women were sent back home. Through other women´s inspiration, women got up and fought for their roles in the workforce. Women had a lot of inspiration, even though they were stereotyped, they had more job opportunities. Women had a few more jobs than before. Some became pilots and aviators. During the 1930s, films and radios became well-known entertainment. The women started acting and being radio staff. As telephones began to get big in communication, women became telephone operators. Some stayed in the factories making clothes and...
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...caused crisis, reasons of collapse In 1920s the economic progress in United States seemed everywhere, as Americans emerged from the self-imposed rationing and sacrifice of World War I and went on a buying spree. Millions of people across the country bought their first everything—their first automobile, washing machine, camera, radio, refrigerator. These products came off America’s assembly lines in an endless stream. More people were at work in U.S. factories and production plants than ever before, producing more goods than ever before. The U.S. economy was sometimes compared to an economic miracle. Consumers in the United States were not the only ones to experience good times. U.S. investors had also had a field day. Overseas, U.S. investments nearly doubled from $3.98 billion in 1919 to $7.5 billion by 1929. The New York Stock Exchange, which served for many as the truest indicator of the nation’s economic pulse, enjoyed phenomenal growth, especially after 1923. Stock purchases on the Exchange increased four-fold between 1923 and 1930. And stock sales were only outstripped by the rise in stock prices. Altogether, investment in the stock market and in bonds rose sharper than any other economic indicator during the decade, faster, in fact, than the actual production or sales of manufactured goods. During the 1920s a would-be investor could make his or her stock purchases largely on credit. Under the rules in place for the New York Stock Exchange, investors could purchase stock through...
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... This led to financial crisis when Europe couldn’t purchase goods from the United States. The United States also passed the Fordney-McCumber Act in 1922, which put high tariffs, or tax, on industrial products that were imports. This angered the other nations and they retaliated which led to a decline in world trade which was a major contributor to the Great Depression. A decline in world trade leads to a decline in Real GDP and this is bad for the economy. Overproduction in industry also played a pivotal role in the Great Depression. While factories were producing mass amounts of products, wages were not increasing at the same pace. Due to low wages and overproduction, workers could not afford to buy all of the factory output. The United States tried to sell the surplus of goods overseas, but the high tariffs and lack of money in Europe did not support this solution. An additional overproduction also occurred in the agriculture and farm industry. The average income for farm families was about a third of what average American families were making. Due to the low income on farms, the demand for farmland decreased by about 50 percent in 1930. These problems on farms had a large impact on Americans since about 30 percent of the US population still lived on farms. The “Dust Bowl” was a drought that occurred in 1930 in the Mississippi Valley. The drought was so drastic that many people couldn’t even pay their taxes or other...
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...industrialized countries and those which exported raw materials. International trade decline, personal incomes, tax revenues, prices and profits. Cities all around the world were hit hard. Construction was really slow and so was farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by 40 to 60 percent. The great depression ended at different times in different countries. The great depression was not a sudden total collapse. The stock markets turn upward in the early 1930’s. Together government and business actually spent more in the first half on 1930 than the previous year. Consumers, many of those whom had suffered severe losses in the stock market the prior year cut back on there expenses by 10 percent. In the 1930, credit was available at low rates. People did not want to add new debt by barrowing. By May 1930, auto sales began to decline to below levels of 1928. Prices in general began to decline. Although wages were held for the moment they began to drop in 1931. Conditions were worse in the farming areas. By late 1930 a steady decline set in which reached bottom by March, 1933. Causes were thought to be normal part of living in a world of inexact balances between supply and demand. Scholars have not agreed on the exact causes and the importance. The search for the causes is closely connected to the question of how to avoid a future depression, and so the political and policy viewpoints of scholars are mixed into the...
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...The Rise of Market Society in Europe and the Industrial Revolutions in Britain MGMT 1030 Schulich School of Business The Three Industrial Revolutions-General Features 1)First Industrial Revolution (1760s to 1840s) ➢ Led by Britain, with the United States, France, and Germany following several decades later ➢ Marked by increases in agricultural productivity, the development of new transportation methods such as canals, the rise of urban society, and the growth of the factory system ➢ Typical new products were steam engines and factory-produced items such as cotton textiles and ironware 2)Second Industrial Revolution (1840s to 1940s) ➢ Led by the United States, Britain, and Germany ➢ Marked by communication and transportation revolutions, the development of the telegraph, railroads, and the internal combustion engine, and the development of the modern corporate structure ➢ Typical new products were steel, chemicals, and a wide array of consumer goods such as automobiles and home appliances 3)Third Industrial Revolution (1950s to present) ➢ Led by the United States and Japan ➢ Marked by the rise of the service economy, international financial and trade transactions, and the introduction of the computer ➢ Typical new products were consumer electronics and a wide array of pharmaceuticals The Pre-Market Economy to 1700 1)Economic Society in the European Middle Ages A)The Manorial System ...
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...“If you saw a dog going to be crushed under a car, wouldn’t you help him?” are the great words of Oskar Schindler. These were his thoughts on how the Jews were being treated in Germany at the time of World War II. Oskar helped the Jews by allowing them to seek safety in his factory and he defied many German officials and the police. Oskar would be forever praised for his deeds in Germany by Jews all over the world. Oskar was born into a German and Catholic family on April 28, 1908 in Svitavy, Czechoslovak Republic. Oskar’s parents were Hans and Louisa Schindler, a farm-equipment manufacturer and a homemaker, and they had two other children after Oskar. He went to a German-language school, where he was not an extraordinary student. When Oskar left school in 1924, he took many different jobs but eventually joined the military, after marrying Emilie Pelzl. After the army, he started work at his father’s company, which went bankrupt due to the 1930’s economic depression. Schindler was quite a lavish drinker and he loved to party, which he would continue doing throughout his whole life. When the 1930’s came, Hitler began to rise in power, so Schindler decided...
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...date back to the beginning of mankind. More advanced HRM functions were developed as early as 1000 and 2000 B.C. Employee screening tests have been traced back to 1115 B.C. in China and the earliest form of industrial education, the apprentice system, was started in ancient Greek and Babylonian civilizations before gaining prominence during medieval times. Since the inception of modern management theory, the terminology used to describe the role and function of workers has evolved from "personnel" to "industrial relations" to "employee relations" to "human resources." INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION PHASE : The need for an organized form of HRM emerged during the industrial revolution, as the manufacturing process evolved from a cottage system to factory production. As the United States shifted from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy, companies were forced to develop and implement effective ways of recruiting and keeping skilled workers. In addition, industrialization helped spur immigration, as the country opened its borders to fill industrial positions. Filling these jobs with immigrants, however, created an even greater need for adequate management of employees. Early human resource management techniques included social welfare approaches aimed at helping immigrants adjust to their jobs and to life in the United States. These programs assisted immigrants in learning English and obtaining housing and medical care. In addition, these techniques promoted supervisory training...
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...became necessary when customary restraints and the intimacy of employment relationships in small communities ceased to provide adequate protection against the abuses incidental to new forms of mining and manufacture on a rapidly increasing scale at precisely the time when the 18th-century Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the political forces that they set in motion were creating the elements of the modern social conscience. It developed rather slowly, chiefly in the more industrialized countries of Western Europe, during the 19th century and attained its present importance, relative maturity, and worldwide acceptance only during the 20th century. The first landmark of modern labour law was the British Health and Morals of Apprentices Act of 1802, sponsored by the elder Sir Robert Peel. Similar legislation for the protection of the young was adopted in Zürich in 1815 and in France in 1841. By 1848 the first legal limitation of the working hours of adults was adopted by the Landsgemeinde (citizens’ assembly) of the Swiss canton of Glarus. Sickness insurance and...
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...Running head: PROGRESSIVE ERA THROUGH THE GREAT 1 Progressive Era Through the Great Depression Zarick L. Robinson Contemporary U.S. History – II Professor Patrick Peacock Strayer University August 1, 2013 PROGRESSIVE ERA THROUGH THE GREAT DEPRESSION 2 The progressive era in America describes a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th century. In the decades following the Civil War, rapid industrialization transformed the United States. A national rail system was completed; agriculture was mechanized; the factory system spread; and cities grew rapidly in size and number. The progressive movement arose as a response to the vast changes brought about by industrialization. Two major turning points during this period was reform at the state level and of course the national level. At the state level, reformers turned to state politics, where progressivism reached its fullest expression. A model of progressive reform was Robert La Follette’s term as governor of Wisconsin. He won from the legislature an anti-lobbying law directed at large corporations, a state banking control measure, and a direct primary law. Taxes on corporations were raised, a railroad commission was created to set rates, and a conservative commission was set-up. In state after state, progressives advocated a wide range of political, economic, and social reforms. They...
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