...Peritoneal Dialysis” General Purpose: To demonstrate Specific Purpose: To demonstrate to my audience how to hook up to a peritoneal dialysis machine. Central Idea: Of the many people in the USA on hemodialysis, going 3-4 times a week may not be convenient for everyone. There is an alternative option though. INTRODUCTION: I. Did you know that there are over 350,000 people on hemodialysis in the United States of America? Hemodialysis is where the blood circulates outside the body of the patient - it goes through a machine that has special filters. The blood comes out of the patient through a catheter (a flexible tube) that is inserted into the vein. The filters do what the kidney's do; they filter out the waste products from the blood. The filtered blood then returns to the patient via another catheter. The patient is, in effect, connected to a kind of artificial kidney. A patient usually has to go to the dialysis center about 3 times a week and can be hooked up to the dialysis machine anywhere from 1 to 4 hours each time. That can be a very inconvenient to some people. There is however an alternate option for those that are willing to be involved in their dialysis treatment. This option is automated peritoneal dialysis and the patient, family member, or home health care provider can perform it in the home setting. It may seem difficult at first, but many dialysis patients say that peritoneal dialysis has made life much less complicated due to the fact that you can...
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...Diffusion And Osmosis Introduction: There are several valuable aspects of this lab that must be understood before it is conducted. The first of these concepts is called diffusion. Molecules are constantly moving and as they are moving they tend to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. Diffusion can be defined as the net movement of molecules from higher to lower concentrations. One example, of diffusion is when an item like perfume is opened in a room. Shortly after it is opened the smell can be detected throughout the entire room. Diffusion can occur through a membrane such as that of a cell which explains how something can enter the cell. One special type of diffusion is called osmosis or the diffusion of water. Osmosis describes how water moves through a membrane from areas that have high water potential to areas that have lower potential. Water potential is defined as the measure of free energy of water in a solution. Biologists use this term to help describe why water moves from one area to another. Water potential can be affected by two major aspects pressure and the amount of solute. Water potential can be calculate by the pressure potential added to the solute potential. In order to calculate the solute potential one must multiply the ionization constant, the molar concentration, the pressure constant, and the temperature. When looking at a solution one can categorize it into several different relationships based...
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...end-stage renal failure. According to the National Kidney Foundation (2005), more than 378,000 Americans suffer from chronic kidney failure and need dialysis or kidney transplantation to stay alive. End-stage renal disease is the name for kidney failure so advanced that it cannot be reversed. Renal is another word for kidney. The “renal” name is appropriate due to the fact that the kidneys in end- stage renal disease functions so poorly that they can no longer keep you alive (McDonnell & Mallon, 2005). End-stage renal disease cannot be treated with conventional medical treatments such as drugs. In chronic kidney disease only two treatments allow you to continue living when your kidneys stop functioning: dialysis and kidney transplantation, but only one offers a longer chance of survival. Dialysis is the term for several different methods of artificially filtering the blood (McDonnell & Mallon, 2005). Dialysis is a procedure that replaces some of the kidney’s normal functions, but does not cure the disease or prevent possible complications. It may even cause those complications and even reduce one’s quality of life. Dialysis is performed when a person’s own kidneys can no longer function adequately to maintain life. People who require dialysis are kept alive but give up some degree of their freedom because of their dialysis schedule or...
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...1 Kidney Failure and its Effects When we talk about serious and life threatening disease a couple things come to mind. We think about cancer, heart attacks, AIDS, and even diabetes, but one thing always slips our minds. The Encyclopedia Britannica’s latest estimate has nearly 130,000 Americans suffering from kidney failure and its strain on their lifestyle. Several thousand people a year die because of kidney failure, yet we still are not worried or warned about the disease. The goal of this essay is to inform myself and the reader’s about the serious effects of this potentially fatal disease. When your kidneys fail the body is put at serious risk. The kidneys are considered the filters of the body. They remove the waste and concentrate from the urine and they preserve electrolytes while doing this. Without them, the poisonous waste remains in the body and we wouldn’t be able to live for more than four days. While we have two kidneys all that we need to live is one; unfortunately when one fails the other usually follows in the same path. Kidney failure is unique because there are so many causes. Potentially anything you do unhealthy to your body can lead to kidney problems. Whether its cigarettes, alcohol abuse, improper diet, drugs, or even just a simple injury can stop the blood flow to the kidney and cause them to fail. This is one of the reasons that kidney failure is so common and dangerous. We speak a lot about being proactive in your health and this is a perfect...
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...indirect costs and intangible costs. Direct medical costs of dialysis incorporate staffing costs, doctor expenses or compensation, costs of dialyzers and tubing in HD, costs of arrangements and tubing in PD, costs related with radiology, research facility and drugs, capital costs of HD machines and PD cyclers, costs of hospitalizations and costs of outpatient discussions from other specialties. Direct non-medical costs may change broadly in distinctive parts of the world but tend to be most elevated in more created economies. Direct non-medical costs incorporate building costs, office utilities and other overhead costs. Intangible costs are the costs related with torment, enduring and disability in quality of life (QOL), as well as the value...
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...The primary aim of my assignment is to look at the issue of end of life care in dialysis satellite units, as these areas tend to be nurse led units. My interest in palliative and end of life care has arisen from the growing number of poorly patients we continue to dialyse, this has proved distressing especially for the patient, who often has unmanaged symptoms and for their families, it is also upsetting for the staff involved in their care, as it is felt nobody is acting as the patients’ advocate and helping the decision to facilitate the withdrawal of what is now an ineffective and unnecessary treatment. One of the latest developments by the Government and Department of health is the concept of Advance Care Planning. I have looked at this from various perspectives and would like to be involved in introducing the process to Sheffield Kidney Institute. In 2004, the number of patients receiving renal replacement therapy in England, Scotland and Wales was 33,511, this figure is sourced from data which has been made available to them from participating renal units throughout the country, the number of patients receiving dialysis since 2000 has risen by 7% (Ansell et al 2005) with it projected to rise by a further 10 percent over the next 5 years (Ansell et al 2005). About 15-29 percent of deaths of patients with end stage renal disease results from a decision to discontinue dialysis (Davison 2006). Importantly we need to explore which patients especially those reaching...
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...ion so many different ways it can cause bone breakage; fluid overload causes pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, anemia, and decrease in quality of life. The person I interviewed was a Chronic Renal Failure patient that has been on dialysis for about 4 years. 1. How would you rate your overall health? I.B. I have been fairly good I have good days and bad days but I am so tired after I go to dialysis it really drains me until all I do is sleep all day after the treatment. 2. What is your race and ethnic background? I.B. I am African American and I have no Hispanic Descent. 3. Living conditions? I.B. I live with my daughter who has a family of her own but she takes care of me well. She ensures that I take my medicine on time. She also takes me on different outings like to the park and different places. 4. Do you have access to the proper food for a kidney disease diet? I.B. She buys me the kind of food that I need to follow my diet so I can have the right nourishment. I try to eat the right food but sometimes I slip up and want other foods like junk food. 5. Do you require assistance in activities of daily living at home? I.B. I am able to get around the only days I really need assistance is on my dialysis days when I feel weak and tired. I sometimes am stiff in the morning and I need help getting started but once I am up and at it I am fine. 6. What caused the...
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...International Business Section 8457 Professor: Dr. Bennett Very Successful Global Firm August 24, 2015 Fresenius Medical Care is a company that manufactures dialysis machines and products for chronic kidney disease patients. This company is recognized for their innovative technology that has taken over the world. This is why Fresenius Medical Care is a successful global firm. Fresenius Medical Care was started in Frankfurt, Germany by Hirsch Pharmacy, which was owned by the Fresenius family (fresenisumedicalcare.com). This family found innovative ways to turn their small pharmacy into a worldwide business. According to the company’s website, the Fresenius family started marketing dialysis machines to gain substantial marking shares. Once they started manufacturing dialysis machines and products this Germany based company took the world by storm. Fresenius Medical Care, is now the world’s leading provider of products and services for people with chronic kidney disease. Fresenius Medical Care has been around for hundreds of years according to history page of the company. In the 1960’s this company discovered that they had an invention that was needed around the world to help preserve the quality of life. This is when Fresenius Medical Care started focusing on sustainable growth so they could improve the quality of life for their patients with kidney disease. They would do that by continuing to offer innovative products and treatment concepts of the highest quality...
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...undocumented immigrant is that he or she is a foreign-born person who doesn’t have a legal right to be or remain in the United States. Two different views of the ethical concerns regarding the duty for health care coverage for undocumented immigrants are offered. There are opposing positions on this issue, each have many interesting facts and rationale to defend their views. However, I will add that it is interesting that one view is from medical doctors and the other is from a justice with the federal court of appeals. The first article is through the eyes of doctors Rajeev Raghavan and Ricardo Nuila. They believe that standardized coverage should be allowed for undocumented immigrants. They share a patient’s story with Irreversible kidney failure whom is an undocumented immigrant. They suggest that coverage would alleviate the burden on taxpayers. The second position is shared by David W....
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...Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2010, 10% of adults in the United States have chronic kidney disease (CKD). That is estimated at about 20 million people. People with CKD may not feel any symptoms in the early stages, so treatment most likely has not been started. When a person often finds out they are in need of treatment, they may already be in kidney failure or end stage renal disease (ESRD). This paper will discuss the reimbursement mechanisms presented in the Sullivan article, the economics of providing ESRD treatment from the organization's point of view, patients options and potential trade-offs related to cost, quality, and access to treatment, and the ethical implications of treatment options based on cost evaluation. Reimbursement Mechanisms The major reimbursement mechanism presented in article End Stage Renal Disease Economics and the Balance of Treatment Modalities is Medicare. The system in place at this time is the fee for service with additional charges for medication and medical testing (Sullivan, 2010). The current reimbursement structure is based on a three times a week structure, because hemodialysis (HD) is the primary treatment for ESRD (Sullivan, 2010). According to Sullivan (2010) "The most ideal treatment for patients with ESRD is transplantation" (p.45). The reimbursement for peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the same as that of HD. With the passing of The Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008, the payment structure...
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...Chronic Kidney Disease Abstract Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease that destroys the function of the human kidneys. This purpose of this research paper is to present an introductory profile of the disease. The profile includes a description of the disease, leading causes, how it is diagnosed, and its stages. Current statistics of the individuals impacted by the disease and mortality are provided. This paper will also explain the progressive nature of the disease and how the kidneys are damaged. Finally, the treatment goals and actions for the different stages of the disease are laid forth. Chronic Kidney Disease Kidneys are vital organs that regulate the body’s fluid level, filter toxins, control blood pressure, and more. A human cannot live without at least one functioning kidney. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive disease that destroys the operating capacity of the kidneys. CKD impacts millions of Americans and is often undiagnosed until it is in an advanced stage. The human body attempts to compensate for the disease and, in doing so, worsens the condition. CKD is usually caused by another underlying cardiovascular condition. Treatment for CKD seeks to slow the progression of the disease by relieving the underlying condition. Once CKD has reached its final stage, kidney function is insufficient and renal replacement therapy is required. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) was formerly known as chronic renal failure (Haynes & Winearls...
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...how much of these things I have already practiced in my life. Paradigm shifts, Reframing, Proactivity are all things I’ve had to learn (on my own) in order to understand and help me deal with my situation. At the age of 27, I found out that I was suffering from kidney disease. My first reaction was confusion, anger and self-pity. I had recently been discharged from the Marine Corps about 8 or 9 months earlier, and I could not understand why this was happening to me. My kidneys hadn’t failed to the point that I had to start dialysis yet, so I took the initiative and started to research the disease online because I had heard so many horror stories about people on dialysis. During this research, I found out that my diet would have to drastically change. I had to give up a lot of foods that I enjoyed because they could make me sick. So I prepared myself by avoiding those foods, so it wouldn’t be that big of a change once I started dialysis. I also...
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...concentration of solutes” (Smith, 2013). There are different factors that can affect the rate of osmosis such as temperature. In one experiment, my group and I used dialysis tubing to simulate a cell membrane. This tubing was filled with molasses and was immersed in water; cold, warm and hot. The bags were removed at regular intervals and measured for the amount of osmosis that occurred. We observed that the bags in the hot water experienced the highest amount of osmosis. In warmer temperatures the water particles tend to diffuse from high to low concentration, thus trying to dilute the solute concentration from the solution outside. From these observations and conclusion, my group and I hypothesized for our own experiment the level of solute concentration will affect the rate of osmosis. Diffusion is the process of “any substance moving from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration” (Readel, 2000). Therefore we predicted that the higher concentration of solute a solution had would yield a higher rate of osmosis. Methods In order to determine if our prediction was correct, our group designed an experiment using five different amounts of standard sodium chloride (NaCl) with distilled water in order to create five different concentrations of NaCl solution. We then used five dialysis tubes to simulate the cell membrane; each tube was...
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...Shannon Ben SCIE206 Professor Jantz 18 September 2013 My Stages Through Lupus To ESRF(End Stage Renal Failure) Important events happen on a regular basis, but achieving the goals set up for yourself while over coming obstacles with things that pop up along the way making it a even harder struggle. In 2011 I began my fall semester classes, and during this time I became very ill, but I was still attending classes with pneumonia (that I suspected). This went on for 3 weeks in October, until I was at home barely breathing, so I had to call 9-1-1 and was rushed to the hospital. My friends and family continuously kept telling me to go to the doctor, although all I kept insisting was “It’s a cold; I have class!” My education was and still is my main priority, and I refused to let anyone or anything stand in my way. While lying in the hospital bed with tubes up my arms, I was lonely in a isolated room and my visitors wearing mask made me feel even more isolated. I had all kind of crazy things running to the finish line to see what the problem was and why was I isolated from the world? Once the doctors came in and asked me all kinds of questions like; “Have you ever passed out or have you ever felt any kind of illness? “No!” However, after all the questions and answers the doctor announced that I was blessed, because I have Lupus and End Stage Renal Disease, and my kidneys were at a 19%. The Important Event in my life is when I overcame “End Stage Renal Failure.” End Stage...
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...When the patients first arrive for their dialysis treatment their weights are obtained in kilograms. The patients are then positioned safely with their feet elevated and were given multiple pillows for added comfort. Then caregiver obtains the patients vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse and temperature. The blood pressure cuff is left in place on the opposite extremity of the access site, so the patient blood pressure can be continually monitored throughout the treatment. The access site is then assessed for any infection or abnormalities, cleaned and connected to the dialysis tubing where patency is checked. One the treatment begins the caregivers assess the patient regularly for an complications such as shortness of breath, muscles...
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