...The success of luxury brands in Japan and their uncertain future Ronald Jean Degen International School of Management Paris 2009 Working paper nº 52/2009 2 globADVANTAGE Center of Research in International Business & Strategy INDEA - Campus 5 Rua das Olhalvas Instituto Politécnico de Leiria 2414 - 016 Leiria PORTUGAL Tel. (+351) 244 845 051 Fax. (+351) 244 845 059 E-mail: globadvantage@ipleiria.pt Webpage: www.globadvantage.ipleiria.pt WORKING PAPER Nº 52/2010 Janeiro 2010 Com o apoio da UNISUL Business School 3 The success of luxury brands in Japan and their uncertain future Ronald Jean Degen Ph.D. Candidate at the International School of Management Paris Vice Chairman of Masisa Chile Address: E-mail: degen@lomasnegras.com Phone: +55 41 9918 9000 Cabanha Orgânica Lomas Negras Ltda. Caixa Postal 95 Campo Alegre, SC 89294-000 Brasil Ronald Jean Degen is in the Ph.D. Program of the International School of Management in Paris, and the Vice Chairman of Masisa in Chile. He was a Professor at the Getúlio Vargas Graduate Business School of São Paulo where he pioneered the introduction of teaching entrepreneurship in 1980 and wrote the first textbook in Portuguese on entrepreneurship published in 1989 by McGraw-Hill. He just published a new textbook on entrepreneurship that was published in 2009 by Pearson Education 4 The success of luxury brands in Japan and their uncertain future ABSTRACT The Japanese are the...
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...improved rapidly through the courses with all the foreign teachers, but also my recognition to this world is dramatically changed, especially when I first get in touch with fashion. Fashion is a global issue that can be found everywhere in the world. As a student who is going to step into the dazzle and mystery world of fashion, I am always eager to search for the fashion elements wherever I go. Tours to foreign countries since the first year of my junior middle school are especially valuable in my life, comprehensively recording my growing footsteps and colorfully sketching my youth and enthusiasm for life. Paris and Milan, the pioneers of fashion, had brought me into the realm of resplendent clothing. The feeling of integration in the real fashion world when I walked along the Avenue des Champs-Élysées and quadrilatero della moda strengthened my thought of studying fashion management. I have passion in fashion. No doubt, London is one of the best places for a student like me to pursue and accomplish my dream in the fashion industry. As one of the four cities where the most prominent fashion week will be held semi-annually, millions of cutting edge styles and runways are easily seen in London. No one can resist such a resplendent fashion feast. Most importantly, the London College of Fashion is a world famous fashion college that I have been yearning to go for a long time. What impress me most...
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...Summary This report analyses the entire Asian environment and attractiveness of Asia, and the reason why Giordano choose Asia as its main market. From the analysis of Asian environment, sizeable population, increasing consumption on cloth, pursuing for fashion and globalization of world are all factors that make Asia attractive. Giordano’s FDI-related projects and the FDI modes are exhibited in this report, which can describe a whole picture of this company’s development. In addition, based on the analysis of FDI activities, Giordano’s FDI activities have many impacts on host economies, like job creation in Indonesia. This report draws on sales data of main Asian markets and subordinate brands to analyse the trend of investment of Giordano. Korea is the most important and second market except Mainland China;The Middle East grows quickly during last decades; Singapore is a stable and profitable market. Malaysia and Indonesia are potential markets, and from a long term perspective Giordano will focus on the development of these countries. Asia is the basic market of Giordano, which conducts over 95% foreign investment there. This report applies SWOT analysis to illustrate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and also uses PEST analysis to explain the external factors-political, economic, social and technological, which influence the investment direction in the future. Country screening process identifies company-specific criteria, which...
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...------------------------------------------------- Case Study on H&M Module 1, Business Organization and EnvironmentHuman, physical and financial resources to create goods and servicesH&M is a popular clothing store and it is usually cheaper than other brands. H&M carry out its goods and services through human, physical and financial resources. The resources are designer, stylist, Media (models), stakeholders, distributing channels (stores or online) and share holders. Human resources like designer, stylist, models and shopkeepers are promoted through media to attract customer to increase demands. Most importantly the clothing is up to date with the most recent fashion trend. It sets up a positive image that H&M’s clothing are fashionable and at the same time customers does not need to spend a huge amount of money to be fashionable. Promotion through media also helps gain popularity for their goods and services.H&M Physical Resources plays an important role to create goods and services. The distribution channels are the only possible direct access for customers to consume their goods and services. H&M has distribution channels world wide even on online stores. This various types of distribution channels not only increase its popularity but become similar to a convenient store where customers can easily access to H&M’s goods and services. The Financial resources come from the shareholders, customers and other stakeholders. These people are the business’s source of money...
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...Marketing MBSW60297 Assignment 1 Program: Global MBA – Hong Kong SAR Group Student Name: Angela Lau Student Number: 8726568 Date: 20 August, 2012 Background For reasons of confidentiality, the name of the company used in this assessment will be referred to as Company X hereafter. Company X is a multi-national company listed in Hong Kong SAR, China. Its business covers areas such as garments manufacturing, shoe manufacturing, bag manufacturing, fishing apparatus, information technologies, real estate investment and logistics. The sector that we will be exploring here is focusing on manufacturing. Market Company X, as a garment manufacturer, sells massive quantities of garments in different styles to its customers, branded garment companies that have their own retail stores allocated across the world, who then resell to the end consumers. Company X has the capability to produce the products but does not have the tools or right channel to sell to the end consumers. In order to sell to the end consumer, Company X would need to promote its products through advertisement, and has the right distribution centres for its products to reach the end consumer, which Company X does not have, or have no intention to achieve this at that point. Hence we can conclude that Company X is taking a business to business market approach. Baines et al (2011, p.28) pointed out that “in a business to business marketing activity, it...
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...of Industry and the Current Issues Facing Leading International Firms in Fashion Retailing Recent Global Trends in the Structure of Industry and the Current Issues Facing Leading International Firms in Fashion Retailing SUMMARY The fashion industry appears to be very dynamic with constant changes in customer attitudes altering the strategies of international firms and thus the structures of industry. The increase in customers concerned with environmentally issues has been mirrored as stores offer increasing ranges of eco-friendly products. A similar trend has occurred with relation to ethical shoppers. Companies understand the importance of being seen to be an ethical retailer and so many have invested in overseas management to keep track of suppliers. Different companies have chosen different strategies to help them to overcome current issues in international markets. For instance, Zara has progressed via forward integration, whereas H&M contract work out to suppliers. One strategy that all leading firms have adopted is the use of company websites. They are used to promote online shopping which has increased dramatically recently and it believed to continue increasing for some time. The elimination of quantitative import restrictions in 2004 must also be highlighted since it altered the way some company’s trade. It also allowed developing countries to extend into other branches of the fashion chain other than production. A further apparent trend would be the decrease...
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...Marketing Plan Executive summary This marketing plan examines the case of TOPSHOP as a UK’s fast-fashion retailer. The following marketing plan is structured according the SOSTAC framework. Topshop is operating under the parental Arcadia Group. Over the latest years, Topshop has been one of the most popular UK’s fast-fashion retailers. The company is a multinational Omni-channel fashion retailer. Topshop is well-known for its high-quality products in medium low prices. The company’s portfolio owns a wide range of products and services. According to the Situational Analysis, the UK’s macro environment has changed over the latest years. The UK’s fast-fashion industry is becoming more and more cluttered with competitors from both UK and overseas. The business frameworks PESTEL, Industry key drives, Industry’s life cycle indicated that the UK’s fashion market is influenced from several external factors. The industry’s key drivers are the Europe’s economic recession, the social-media and e-tail evolution and the environmental crisis. However, the UK’s fashion sector remains a dynamic and innovative sector worldwide. Moreover, the buying behavioral is shaped by the UK’s market trends. The UK’s consumers are driven by the economical and political unstable environment and the digital evolution. The internal analysis indicated that the company is preforming well compared with its competitors. The SWOT analysis presented that TOPSHOP has important strengths and opportunities...
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...attractive prices. It is a very good fit for the market.’ Primark has only nine stores in the country so far, four of which opened in the past financial year, but the retailer has given an indication of its long-term expansion plans by opening a distribution warehouse in western Germany, from where observers expect it to push into the Benelux countries and France. Primark has already told analysts it sees potential for 150 German stores. Primark’s revenues rose 15 per cent in its past financial year to €3.5bn as it added 19 stores, but only three of these were in the UK or Ireland. Primark’s largest overseas market remains the Iberian Peninsula. Last year, it added 11 stores and 45 per cent more sales space in Spain and Portugal, despite the economic crisis there. Nevertheless, Germany remains a difficult market for foreign retailers. Wal-Mart, for example, failed in its German hypermarkets venture. Isabel Cavill, a senior retail analyst at Planet Retail, says Primark’s emergence in Germany could become a threat to retailers such as KiK, a discount fashion chain with 2,600 German branches and sales in 2011 of €1.7bn, and Takko, another ‘value’ fashion retailer that Apax Partners, the private equity group, bought in a €1.3bn deal two years ago. ‘What Germany really missed was a big low-cost fashion brand,’ Ms Cavill says. C&A, the European clothing retailer, is another that will be worried, she says....
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...Executive Summary FJ Benjamin is a Singapore based fashion and lifestyle company. The company distributes major clothing brands and accessories, and is one of the leading fashion distributors in Singapore. Their success is derived from their ability to secure distribution rights from major brands. FJ Benjamin introduced it very own house label, Raoul, in 2002. Raoul was created to increase the company‟s portfolio as well as to diversify away from distribution risk. Raoul contributes a large percentage of FJ Benjamin‟s annual revenue. With intensive competition in the fashion industry, Raoul must have it own identity in order to differentiate itself from the competitor. Analyses have been undertaken to determine what necessary strategies to be implemented to enhance the brand image so as to increase profits. Strategies are recommended by taking advantage of Raoul‟s strengths and building on their weaknesses in order to take advantage of the available opportunities in the market and to defend it from threats. Studies of the internal and external environment had been conducted to be able to work with Raoul‟s core competencies to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. This report concludes that Raoul needs to make adjustments on its marketing strategies, and maintain some of its current strategies, in order to be more competitive in the fashion market. Hence, it is proposed that (1) Raoul focus on a single-market strategy and focus on the local market as well as to create...
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...I. United States of America economic history In order to successfully move forward, we need to look to the past. The country’s economic history is like all history, meaning that it examines and observes the past activities of mankind (Fite 4). The most significant periods in the United States economic history are actually the three centuries before England settled in America. There were four changes happening in Western Europe that have greatly influenced America. Those changes were economic, political, religious, and intellectual (Fite 15). So why were these changes so important? They were the reasons that England decided to explore and expand in the western part of the world. The decision to expand trade and commerce was the most important advancement in the history of economics (Fite 15). From the time that the Virginia colonies were settled in 1609 up until 1890, farming was the most important aspect of the United States economy (Fite 30). Although manufactured products were worth more than products produced on a farm for the first time in 1889, farming was how the majority of Americans made a living (Fite 30). Despite the fact that agriculture dominated in these early years and the industrialization of the colonies was well under developed, “there was a high degree of specialization in the colonial economy” (Fite 63). For example, there were tobacco crops in the southern colonies which were crops that produced money, and in the northern colonies there was international...
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...Full control ensures shoe retailer never misses a step By RACHAEL BOON THE success of shoe label and fashion retailer Charles & Keith International on the global front can be attributed to its ability to have a firm grip of its operations across its vast network of stores and factories. This unwavering commitment has put the company in good stead to weather the major crises it had faced, dating back to the days when the retailer was operating out of a small store in Ang Mo Kio in 1990. Back then, co-founder and chief executive Charles Wong, 39, and his younger brother, Keith, 37, were just teenagers helping out at their mother’s shop. She wanted the older Mr Wong to close the unprofitable shoe section, but the future shoe maven was determined to turn it around. He mapped out a plan to take control of the entire shoe business operations – from stocks to design and even shoe sizing. As a result, the shoes sold well and Mr Wong managed to stave off the store’s closure. This experience honed his business acumen, which would serve him well when he decided to set up his own shoe company with his younger brother, who is the firm’s chief operating officer. From the outset, the siblings were determined to make a name for themselves by starting their own brand. In 1996, they set up shop in Amara Shopping Centre to market and sell Charles & Keith shoes at a time when it was unheard of for local shoe retailers to brand themselves. The move was prompted...
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...October 14, 2013 Louis Vuitton Case Study 1. What has made Louis Vuitton’s business model successful in the Japanese luxury market? Louis Vuitton’s business model in Japan is truly extraordinary in the way they use product, price, place, and promotion. The company was founded on producing products of the highest quality by Louis Vuitton Malletier in 1854. LV continuous effort to innovate their product through partnerships with local artist to create limited product lines and never deviate from the founding father’s vision is directly related to LV’s success. Louis Vuitton’s product image in the consumers mind is so important that they are taken huge measures in preventing counterfeiting of their product globally. The next portion of the LV’s business model is price. For a majority of company’s price is determined all by market demand and can fluctuate in order to stimulate or maintain consumer demand. For LV it is different, their products are priced unnecessarily high all the time despite what the market demand is. They do this because LV products are luxurious status symbols and in this sense offer absolute value out of a purchase. If the company prices their item any lower than what the current price is then the LV label will hold its social value. LV’s choice of place is unique because they only sell from a very small number of stores of which are mostly owned by the company. This is unique because traditionally an increase and sales can directly...
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...Fiscal Policy ECO/372 June 1, 2015 Alan Beideck Fiscal Policy The United States deficit, surplus, and debt influences the economy in a number of ways, and it creates an impact on taxpayers, social security and Medicare users, unemployed workers, and students. These issues also affect the countries financial reputation, exports, imports and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The U.S. economy is experiencing a budget deficit and outstanding debt, and the outlook is not good for taxpayers. If these two items do not get under control, future generations will be left to pick up the pieces and will have to try to find a way to maintain and control the budget. Taxpayers Taxpayers are the people that pay and contribute to state revenue. Government deficits affect taxpayers by increasing taxes and interest. "Inflation also affects the deficits by affecting the size of social security payments, federal pension payments, and interest on the federal debt. The deficit and surplus are sensitive to the business cycle" (Deficits, Surpluses, And Debt, 2015). "If the government use surplus it would "give tax cuts to taxpayers, increase income transfers, pay down national debt and spend it on goods and services" (Deficits, Surpluses, And Debt, 2015). Future Social Security and Medicare users The Social Security program began in 1935 and benefits have always been paid on time, even with modified laws over the years. Benefits are expected to continue to be paid on time through...
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...Louis Vuitton in Japan Q1. What has made LV business model successful in the Japanese luxury market? Ans. I would like to demonstrate the success of the Business Model of ‘LV’ via the concept of Four Ps (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion). Product – In general marketers seeks ‘adequate quality’, ‘faintness of use’ etc., and too much of quality can be undesirable because it increase the cost. However, ‘LV’ handbags represented ‘products of distinctive qualities’ and ‘attention to details’. In general the concept of ‘relative quality’ is challenged by the ‘absolute quality’ which has forced customers to LV or nothing attitude. To back their products ‘LV’ has taken action against counterfeiting item by ‘Enlightenment Champagne’, involvement of French trademark authorities etc., make there product defendable. Partnership with local artist and Limited edition products has demonstrated that Product Line up and innovation are very strong parts of ‘LV’ business model in Japan. Price – Market Demands “Low Price”, this is achieved by reducing costs and off-shoring production to China and elsewhere. Louis Vuitton handbags, on the other hand, are priced high. Such high prices are unnecessary for merely stowing and carrying things. In essence, the Louis Vuitton difference is value, not price—this being absolute value, not relative value. Many of the principles for Price were innovations that came about after Kyojiro Hata became president of Louis Vuitton Japan and...
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...Managing Information Systems 2014-04-29 1 •Team 1 Approach • Inditex – Owners of the ‘Zara’ Franchise • Summary Overview • Fast Fashion – NOT Retailing • How ZARA / INDITEX works • Their system, organisation & focus points. • The QUESTION’s asked? What should ZARA do? • Should they do it? Why? • Value Chain & VRIN Analysis – (Inimitability is Key) • TOTAL Financial implications versus the Risk. • Diagnosis of Challenges & Recommendations. • People, Processes, Technology. • A Crisis of Coordination • Implementation strategy, communications and Stakeholder Management is KEY! • Summary 2 • ‘63 = House Coat Manufacturer, to Inditex in 2003 • Vertically Integrated Network (Production, DC’s, Retail) • €3.9billion Revenues, delivering €839.3m Op profits. • 1558 Hi-Profile OUTLETS. Stradivarius 10% Zara 34% Bershka 13% Oysho 4% • 8 successful Franchises, • ZARA 531 Stores = 34% - BUT, 75% Revenues • 85% of outlets in Europe, Spain 918. • Highly Profitable - Expanding Globally – FAST. • (Note – 2012 Accounts - €15.9b sales, €3.1b operating profits) Massimo Dutti 16% Kiddys Class 4% Pull & Bear 19% 3 • Fast Fashion Industry Overview • Moving designs from catwalk to store quickly, to capture current fashion trends. • In Store experience MUST be ‘trendy & interesting’ to drive regular visits. • Enables mainstream consumers to take advantage of current clothing styles at lower prices. • Brands Include, H&M, Zara, TopShop, Beneton, Gap Design...
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