...Correlation 19 5. Findings and Recommendations 21 5.1. Objective 1 21 5.2. Objective 2 & 3 22 5.3. Objective 4 22 5.4. Objective 5 23 6. Limitations 24 Reference List Appendix List of Tables Table 1 Descriptive table 6 Table 2 Significant correlations self concept with purchase behaviour 20 Table 3 Correlations social desirability bias with purchase behaviour 21 List of Figures Figure 1 Fashion purchasing model of all respondents 7 Figure 2 Fashion purchasing model of men 8 Figure 3 Fashion purchasing model of women 9 Figure 4 Fashion purchasing model of people in full time work 10 Figure 5 Fashion purchasing model of people in part time work 11 Figure 6 Fashion purchasing model of people not work 11 Figure 7 Fashion purchasing model of single people 12 Figure 8 Fashion purchasing model of people in a relationship 13 Figure 9 Fashion purchasing model of people who are younger than the mean 14 Figure 10 Fashion purchasing model of people who are older than the mean 14 Figure 11 Fashion purchasing model of people who are younger than the median 15 Figure 12 Fashion purchasing model of people who are older than the median 16 Figure 13 Fashion purchasing model of people who are younger than the...
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...bs_bs_banner International Journal of Consumer Studies ISSN 1470-6423 Beyond the fad: a critical review of consumer fashion involvement ijcs_1041 84..104 Iman Naderi Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA Keywords Consumer involvement, content analysis, fashion, literature review. Correspondence Iman Naderi, Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle 311396, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA. E-mail: iman.naderi@unt.edu doi: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01041.x Abstract Fashion involvement has been regarded as an important research topic in consumer research. Despite the importance of this topic, no attempt has been made in the past to review, assess and consolidate extant research on fashion involvement. This study presents a comprehensive and critical review and analysis of the recent studies on involvement in the context of fashion clothing to indicate the current state and identify possible gaps. A content analysis of the current peer-reviewed journal articles published on this research topic reveals a paucity of research on a number of antecedents and consequences of involvement. Further, the findings show that the research method is biased towards the survey method as opposed to experimentation. In this paper, the results of the content analysis outlining methodologies, sample characteristics, variables and major findings are provided and...
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...cultures through impulsive buying. It also allows us to see just how individualism-collectivism, self-identity, and purchase behavior whether it is planned or impulsive contributes to a culture in different fashions. Impulse buying generates over $4 billion in annual sales volume in the United States. With the growth of e-commerce and television shopping channels, consumers have easy access to impulse purchasing opportunities, but little is known about this sudden, compelling, hedonically complex purchasing behavior in non-Western cultures. Yet cultural factors moderate many aspects of consumer's impulsive buying behavior, including self-identity, normative influences, the suppression of emotion, and the postponement of instant gratification. From a multi-country survey of consumers in Australia, United States, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, our analyses show that both regional level factors (individualism–collectivism) and individual cultural difference factors (independent –interdependent self-concept) systematically influence impulsive purchasing behavior. 2. Bayas, B. & Mason, C. (2003), An Empirical Study of Innate Consumer Innovativeness, Personal Characteristics, and New-Product Adoption Behavior. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Volume 31, no.1, pp. 61-73 This article would be helpful because it explores the relationships between innate consumer innovativeness, personal...
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...AMB201 Summer Semester, 2013 Descriptive Research Report Fashion Clothing Purchases Student Name: Student Number: Tutor: Tutorial Time: Word Count: Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………. 1.0 Introduction and Background…………………………………………………… 2.1 Importance of the research…………………………………………………... 2.2 Scope of the report…………………………………………………………… 2.3 Research problem/question………………………………………………….. 2.4 Aims and objectives…………………………………………………………... 2.0 Method……………………………………………………………………………... 2.1 Methodological considerations and assumptions…………………………… 2.2 Sample considerations………………………………………………………… 2.3 Data collection and framework, and analytical considerations…………… 3.0 Ethical consideration……………………………………………………………… 4.0 Analysis……………………………………………………………………………. 5.5 Data cleaning and coding…………………………………………………….. 5.6 Descriptives…………………………………………………………………………... 5.7 Exploring the Data (t-Tests)………………………………………………………… 5.8 Correlation…………………………………………………………………………… 5.9 Multiple regression…………………………………………………………… 5.10.1 Gender………………………………………………………………………. 5.10.2 Generational cohort………………………………………………………… 5.10.3 Relationship status………………………………………………………….. 5.10.4 Social Desirability…………………………………………………………... 5.0 Findings and Recommendations…………………………………………………. 6.10 Interpretation of the data …………………………………………………… 6.11 What this means for managers and for the next stage...
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...Q1: Significance and Diversity of Consumer Behavior: * Definition of Consumer Behavior: Consumer Behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, marketing and economics. It attempts to understand the decision-making processes of buyers, both individually and in groups such as how emotions affect buying behavior. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as demographics and behavioral variables in an attempt to understand people's wants. It also tries to assess influences on the consumer from groups such as family, friends, sports, reference groups, and society in general. Customer behavior study is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. Research has shown that consumer behavior is difficult to predict, even for experts in the field. Marketing is an influential asset for customer behavior analysis as it has a keen interest in the re-discovery of the true meaning of marketing through the re-affirmation of the importance of the customer or buyer. A greater importance is also placed on consumer retention, customer relationship management, personalization, customization and one-to-one marketing. Social functions can be...
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...2.1. Evolution Of The Consumer Culture 2.2. Implications Of The Benign Consumerism Definitions On Marketing Strategy 3. The Consumer Culture And The Consumption Society 3.1. Distinguishing Definition 3.2. Conditions For A Consumption Society 3.3. Unhealthy Pillars/Consequences Of The Consumption Society 3.3.1. Materialism 3.3.2. Compensatory consumption: The "Shopaholic" Phenomenon 3.3.3. I Shop Therefore I Am 3.3.4. Living Beyond Your Means 4. Antecedents To The Unhealthy Consumption Pillars 4.1. Intrinsic/Personal Influences 4.1.1. Personality Characteristics: 4.1.1.1. 4.1.1.2. 4.1.1.3. Self-Monitoring Personality Trait Innovativeness, Fashion Orientation And Opinion Leadership Ethical orientation 4.1.2. Psychological characteristics 4.1.2.1. 4.1.2.2. 4.1.2.3. 4.1.2.4. Co-morbidity and the Joint cycle of compulsive consumption Obsessive thoughts and Risk Taking Propensity Low self esteem Dealing with Negative Emotions and life challenges 4.2. Societal Influences: "Keeping Up With The Joneses" 2 5. The Role Of Marketing In The Consumption Culture 5.1. Marketing And Materialism 5.2. Marketing, Capitalism and Democracy 5.3. Marketing Creates False Wants 5.4. Marketing Raises Expectations 5.5. Marketing Ethics And Advertising 5.6. Consumer Perceptions Of The Role Of Marketing: Case Studies 6. Research Gap 7. Research Question/...
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...THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL OREINTATION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INNOVATIVENES: A CASE STUDY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTREPRISE IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA BY FATOYE, MUSTAPHA OBI 08S04/046 BEING A RESEACH PROJECT SUMITTED TO THE DEPARMENT OF BUSNESS ADMINISTRATION, FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, AJAYI CROWTHER UNIVERSITY, OYO IN PARTICAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BARCHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.S.C) DEGREE IN BUSINESS ADMINISTARTION (MANAGEMENT OPTION) JULY, 2012 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this project was written by FATOYE MUSTAPHA OBI (MARICULATION NUMBER 08S04/046) in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of bachelor of science (B.S.c) degree in business administration (management option) of the department of business administration, faculty of social and management sciences, Ajayi Crowther university, Oyo, Oyo State. MR. P.A Akanbi ....................... (Project supervisor) Date DR. O.E Ofoegbu ........................ (HOD, Business Administration) Date PROF. S.O. Akano ....................... (Dean, SMS) Date .............................. ........................ EXTERNAL EXAMINER Date DEDICATION This work is dedicated to God Almighty who generously gave me the strength, health and other resources to successfully accomplish this research. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This period of my life had been a period of trials and revelation but...
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...stakeholders, it broadly refers to social changes that aim to improve living conditions in Third World communities by helping those communities to manage and improve their environment. Development communication refers to communication that promotes development. A variety of communication methods and media are designed and implemented in order to promote education, literacy, improved health care, better agricultural or industrial production practices – all of which contribute to development of Third World countries. QUESTION 1 - The modernisation approach assumes that development is a progress from tradition to modernity. • Define the concepts “tradition” and “modernity” “Tradition” describes simple, primitive societies that are close knit and likely to live in self-contained groups or villages, which are regulated by means of a kinship system. The...
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...Chapter 5 CONSUMER MARKETS AND CONSUMER BUYER BEHAVIOR Chapter OBJECTIVES 1. Define the consumer market and construct a simple model of consumer buyer behavior. 2. Name the four major factors that influence consumer buyer behavior. 3. List and define the major types of buying decision behavior and stages in the buyer decision process. 4. Describe the adoption and diffusion process for new products. Consumer buyer behavior refers to the buying behavior of final consumers—individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption. All of these consumers combine to make up the consumer market. The American consumer market consists of more than 308 million people. Model of Consumer Behavior The central question for marketers is: How do consumers respond to various marketing efforts the company might use? The starting point is the stimulusresponse model of buyer behavior shown in Figure 5.1. Marketing stimuli consist of the four Ps: product, price, place, promotion. Other stimuli include major forces and events in the buyer’s environment: economic, technological, political, and cultural. The marketer wants to understand how the stimuli are changed into responses inside the consumer’s “black box,” which has two parts. 1. The buyer’s characteristics influence how he or she perceives and reacts to the stimuli. The buyer’s decision process itself affects the buyer’s behavior. Characteristics Affecting...
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...ICFAI Business School, ICFAI House Near GNFC Info Tower, S.G Road, Bodakdev Ahmedabad- 380054 Case Title : Kao Corporation - The transformation of a Company to a University ABSTRACT : Kao Corporation has thrown open the organization and its people to the invigorating force of continuous learning. It recognizes the need to view the company as an educational institution and recognize that competitive advantage flows from people’s ability to constantly enhance their knowledge and skills. Formal classroom education is only a part of the continuing learning process although an important one. The more difficult part of redesigning a company as a learning centre is to reshape its work methods, information flows and management processes to create self development opportunities for people within their daily routines. The case further deliberates that for maximizing short term static efficiency, most companies have been designed to extract as much value as possible from all their assets including people. In this way they have sacrificed the long-term dynamic efficiencies that come from continuously enhancing and upgrading the capabilities of individuals so as to enable them to create new value. What set of attributes does Kao Corporation posses that differentiates itself from other companies. Basically Kao Corporation is a learning organization which not only “ learned” but “learnt how to learn”. The following attributes exhibited defines the characteristic of a learning organization as...
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...Research 60 (2007) 277 – 284 Hofstede's dimensions of culture in international marketing studies Ana Maria Soares a,⁎, Minoo Farhangmehr a,1 , Aviv Shoham b,2 a School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal b Graduate School of Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel Received 1 March 2006; received in revised form 1 August 2006; accepted 1 October 2006 Abstract Growth of research addressing the relationship between culture and consumption is exponential [Ogden D., Ogden J. and Schau HJ. Exploring the impact of culture and acculturation on consumer purchase decisions: toward a microcultural perspective. Academy Marketing Science Review 2004;3.]. However culture is an elusive concept posing considerable difficulties for cross-cultural research [Clark T. International Marketing and national character: A review and proposal for an integrative theory. Journal of Marketing 1990; Oct.: 66–79.; Dawar N., Parker P. and Price L. A cross-cultural study of interpersonal information exchange. Journal of International Business Studies 1996; 27(3): 497–516.; Manrai L. and Manrai A. Current issues in the cross-cultural and cross-national consumer research. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1996; 8 (3/4): 9–22.; McCort D. and Malhotra NK. Culture and consumer behavior: Toward an understanding of cross-cultural consumer behavior in International Marketing. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1993; 6 (2): 91–127...
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...Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 2 (2): 95-103 © Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, 2011 (ISSN: 2141-7024) jetems.scholarlinkresearch.org Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS) 2(2):95-103(ISSN:2141-7024) Journal of Emerging Trends in An Investigation of Personality on Entrepreneurial Success Owoseni Omosolape Olakitan and Akanbi Paul Ayobami Department of Business Administration. Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo State Corresponding Author: Owoseni Omosolape Olakitan __________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Various personality variables determine entrepreneurial intentions and ultimately entrepreneurial success. This paper investigated the influence of personality on entrepreneurial success. We examined the impact of gender, locus of control and risk-taking behaviour on the success of an entrepreneur. The participants in this study were thirty-five solo entrepreneurs located around Agbowo, University of Ibadan area, Ibadan, Oyo state, igeria. 34.3 percent were males and 65.7 percent were females aged between 21 and 60. Six hypotheses were tested using various statistical techniques including independent ‘t’ test, analysis of variance and multiple regression. The results showed that risk-taking behaviour and locus of control had no significant interaction effect on entrepreneurial success. There was also no significant difference between risk-taking behaviour and...
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...Research 60 (2007) 277 – 284 Hofstede's dimensions of culture in international marketing studies Ana Maria Soares a,⁎, Minoo Farhangmehr a,1 , Aviv Shoham b,2 a School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal b Graduate School of Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel Received 1 March 2006; received in revised form 1 August 2006; accepted 1 October 2006 Abstract Growth of research addressing the relationship between culture and consumption is exponential [Ogden D., Ogden J. and Schau HJ. Exploring the impact of culture and acculturation on consumer purchase decisions: toward a microcultural perspective. Academy Marketing Science Review 2004;3.]. However culture is an elusive concept posing considerable difficulties for cross-cultural research [Clark T. International Marketing and national character: A review and proposal for an integrative theory. Journal of Marketing 1990; Oct.: 66–79.; Dawar N., Parker P. and Price L. A cross-cultural study of interpersonal information exchange. Journal of International Business Studies 1996; 27(3): 497–516.; Manrai L. and Manrai A. Current issues in the cross-cultural and cross-national consumer research. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1996; 8 (3/4): 9–22.; McCort D. and Malhotra NK. Culture and consumer behavior: Toward an understanding of cross-cultural consumer behavior in International Marketing. Journal of International Consumer Marketing 1993; 6 (2): 91–127.; Nasif...
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...ADEMOLA OLUTOSIN ONASHILE Innovation of Employee’s Leave Process Using the SAP System (A Case Study of Oceanic Bank Int’l Plc., Nigeria) Term paper Fall 2014 Business School, Seinäjoki Masters of Business Administration Advanced Marketing Management SEINÄJOKI UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES * Term Paper abstract Faculty: Seinäjoki Business School Degree programme: Master of Business Administration Specialisation: Advanced Marketing Management Author: Ademola Olutosin Onashile Title of Thesis: Innovation of Employee’s Leave Process Using the SAP System Supervisor: Mäkeläinen, Ville-Pekka Year: 2014 Number of pages: 25 Number of appendices: 0 _________________________________________________________________ This paper is written furtherance to series of class and group works done under the course: Advanced Marketing Management which is an MBA course and the view point is innovation of a certain process or service or product of an organization and show casing its marketing management perspective. Therefore, the author is dwelling on the innovation of the leave process of a particular Nigerian bank namely Oceanic Bank Int’l plc. Hence, the paper tends to sequentially take the case from introduction, focusing on the Everett M.Rogers’ diffusion of innovation as its theoretical framework. It gives numerous definitions of Human Resource Management (HRM) and the needs for HR in organzations. It also explains in a nutshell the...
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...Abstract E-Wallet had been receiving enormous attention globally due to its high innovativeness as a secondary option to leather wallet. Usage of credit cards, cash or checks had been reduced due to the advancement of technology and emergence of e-Wallet. E-Wallet is an easy-to-use, convenient electronic prototype which acts as a secure global payment system by using only a mobile smartphone. This study is directed towards developing a model to explain the consumer's’ intention to adopt e-Wallet in the social context. It adopts Consumer Need for Uniqueness Theory based on the concept of Counter-Conformity Motivation (CCM) also known as Need For Uniqueness. Many researchers had explored the relationship of consumer’s intention to adopt on the technological usage context. However, little research in social context had been carried out. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the factors affecting the consumer adoption intention in social context. This paper found that CCM, self-identity and word-of-mouth (WOM) are the salient determinants in this study of knowledge of consumer adoption intention in e-Wallet. Keywords: e-Wallet, intention to adopt, counter-conformity motivation, need for uniqueness 1.0 Introduction According to the historical evidence, the first use of money is assumed to have started around 600 BC in term of coins (Davies and Davies, 2002). However, the world is evolving, due to the rapid change in technology. Most of the consumers have changed their...
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