...ASSESSMENT ON NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: PATH TO A TRUE FEDERAL SYSTEM BY: IRABOR PETER ODION 07037830536 p24real2000@yahoo.com DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL STUDIES, FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL) POTISKUM, YOBE STATE BEING A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 4TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ORGANISED BY COLLEGES OF EDUCATION ACADEMICS STAFF UNION (COEASU) FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL) POTISKUM CHAPTER HELD AT I.B.B HALL F.C.E (T) POTISKUM, YOBE STATE 31ST OCTOBER, 2011-4TH NOVEMBER 2011 ABSTRACT It is no gain saying that Nigeria is one of those countries that operates a federal system of government along side with the western world. Given the territorially delineated cleavages abounding in Nigeria and the historical legacy of division among ethnic groups, regions, and sections, the federal imperative was so fundamental that even the military government- characteristically Unitarian, hierarchical, and centralist- attached importance to the continuation of a federal system of government. But it must be said here that, while the system benefit most western countries, the reverse is the case for Nigeria considering the high level of political instability, ethnic crisis, and ethno/religious crisis among others The reason is not far fetch; Nigeria is operating a federal system in an awkward manner and this has make frictions and clashes possible which are currently posing a threat to her political development. To this end, this paper seeks to analyze Nigerian federalism from history, reasons...
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...V SEMESTER B.A.LL.B.(HONS.) COURSE ARTICLE SUBMISSION A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development For the academic year 2014-15 Prepared & Submitted by: Submitted To : Bharat Singh (12BAL112) Ms. Alinkrita Tripathi Acknowledgment This study is the culmination of the efforts of a number of individuals and organizations. I gratefully acknowledge the support and inspiration of which helped me to accomplish this project. I gratefully acknowledge all the sources from which this report has been enriched. Though I have taken all efforts to make the report flawless, I take responsibility for any mistake appearing inadvertently. DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project work entitled “A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development” submitted to the Institute of Law Nirma University, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Ms. Alinkrita Tripathi who is the Assistant Professor in ILNU. The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or Institute for the any award or degree. A Critical Analysis of Evolution of Cooperative Federalism and Obstacles Ahead for Its Development India is the largest democracy which is reason of pride for every Indian. Democracy always reflects view of majority, so now question arises what about those people who are in minority or culturally diverse but still they are...
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...The history of federalism was a big period of time in the 20th century. It's the biggest hierarchical system of the government, but shares many powers such as the United States Condition with the Federal and Individual State governments. They got their power from the Tenth Amendment of the Constitution either from the federal government or the Constitution.The government only had the power to do so much so they would select to give to the Constitution to help set right. Federalism allows functions to be farmed out by central governments to states and provinces. It has summed up the execution of powers, was clarified as Dillon's law, which was a paper that helped better understand the role in localizing government and was connected by the philosophy of federalism, said by American legislative exchange council....
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...III) Articles of Confed a) Confederation b) Specific Terms c) General Results d) Shays Rebellion IV) Constitution a) 4 key debates B) Specific terms of the articles (about the national govt.) • Unicameral legislature • No power to tax • No power to raise army • No executive branch (could make laws but not enforce them) • No judicial branch • Unanimous vote needed to change Articles C) General results of the Articles • Weak and incomplete national govt. • Economic chaos o States fund the war by borrowing money from federal govt. o Govt. wants the money back o Economy dries up and leads to a “trade war” with competing interest o States taxes their own citizens since they can’t borrow money o People (mostly farmers) lose their possessions and property since they can’t pay taxes o Damages the economy even more since farm family is out of work • No sufficient national defense o Enemy 1 the British o French and the Spanish also potential threats o Native Indian tribes also potential threat • States are left largely on their own (13 separate states, no unity) D) Shay’s Rebellion 4 Key debates 1. Representation of the states (large population vs. small population) o States might be equal but not for individuals o Creates a Bicameral Legislation (2 houses) 1. Senate 2. House of reps (representation based on population) which is known as “the great compromise” o Defensive compromise; better at not getting stuff done than getting stuff done. 2. Slavery...
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...concerned is the issue of equitable revenue allocation in Nigeria. Thus, the thrust of this paper is an in-depth analysis of the politics of revenue allocation cum resource control. The paper takes a cursory look at virtually all previous attempts at arriving at equitable formula. The paper however, infers that in a deeply plural and divided society like Nigeria a polity that ‘robs Peter to pay Paul’ may eventually be both counter-productive and dysfunctional. The clarion call however is a federal system with fiscal policy that can imbue in the citizenry sense of justice, equity and fairness visà- vis revenue allocation. To do otherwise according to the findings of this paper is to jeopardize all efforts at national cohesion and integration. Keywords: Federalism, fiscal federalism, revenue, resource, Grants-in-aid Federal Governance ISSN 1923-6158 www.federalgovernance.ca Forum of Federations 325 Dalhousie Street, Suite 700 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7G2 Canada ♥ Ojo About Federal Governance Federal Governance is an online graduate journal on theory and politics of federalism and multilevel governance. Its mandate is to engage the global federalism community and reach out to outstanding graduate students interested in federalism and multi-level governance. By providing a platform for graduate students to have early success in their careers, Federal Governance seeks to promote and sustain interest in federalism and multi-level governance research among graduate students. Allied with the Forum...
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...An Essay on Fiscal Federalism Wallace E. Oates Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 37, No. 3. (Sep., 1999), pp. 1120-1149. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0515%28199909%2937%3A3%3C1120%3AAEOFF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A Journal of Economic Literature is currently published by American Economic Association. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aea.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. http://www.jstor.org Tue Apr 24 17:00:09 2007 Journal of Economic Literature Vol. XXXVZZ (September 1999) pp. 1120-1 149 An Essay on Fiscal Federalism 1. Introduction ISCAL DECENTRALIZATION is in vogue. Both in the industrialized and in the...
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...News Paper article: Anti-Federalist vs. Federalist In a monarchy, the people have no say in the government, and if anti-federalist we would be living in a monarchy. This would cause chaos and hostility amongst the citizens of the nation, and sway the congress of the United States to continue in its federalist ideals and views. The feud between federalist and anti-federalist prolonged for quite awhile. It’s good that we really went over the views of both sides before deciding which one would be incorporated in to running this country. The federalist, in many peoples opinion was more for the people. Federalist wanted to do business with England. The federalist wanted a strong central government. They wanted a central bank and a federal army. Federalist also was strongly against slavery and wanted to terminate it. “It is evident that each department should have a will of its own; and consequently should be so constituted that the members of each should have as little agency as possible in the appointment of the members of the others … But the great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others.” “In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.” “In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this:...
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...Sokunbi Adetoyese Politics of Political and Constitutional Reforms in Nigeria. Andrew Heywood in his book, Global Politics (2010) identifies that politics, in its broadest sense, he defines it as the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. As such, politics is inextricably linked to the concepts of conflict and cooperation, which means politics is a social phenomenon with the characteristics of both struggle between opposing groups, parties and claims on one hand and cohesiveness, mobilization and organization on the other hand. On former hand, there is the constant existence of rival opinions, different wants, competing needs or opposing interests guarantees disagreement about the rules under which people live. Likewise on the latter hand, people recognize that in order to influence these rules or ensure that they are upheld, they must work with others, with whom they share similar needs and values. This is why we can allude the meaning of politics as the authoritative allocation of values, in which rival views or competing interests are reconciled with one another because at the art of politics is essentially to resolve conflict. In reality however, politics in this broad sense is better considered as the search for conflict resolution and not necessarily its achievement, since it is near impossible to resolve all conflict and satisfy all opposing groups especially in a multi-ethnic super diverse state...
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...The Federalist Papers is a treatise on free government in peace and security. It is the extraordinary American commitment to the writing on established majority rules system and federalism, and an exemplary of Western political thought. The Federalist Papers were composed in backing of the approval of the Constitution. While cutting edge perusers may consider it to be unavoidable, the Constitution was a progressive step. In Philadelphia, the representatives opposed the current Articles of Confederation and looked to the states, not the current government, for sanction and endorsement of the new government. As a result of the progressive way of the new constitution, contentions were important to defend the reaction to the new crises. After the...
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...The Anti-Federalists were against the ratification of the constitution. The only reason the Anti-Federalists agreed to help ratify the constitution was because of the Bill of Rights and without the Bill of Rights the Constitution would not have been ratified. Ranging from political nobilities like James Winthrop in Massachusetts, to Melancton Smith of New York, and Patrick Henry and George Mason of Virginia, these Antifederalist were joined by a large number of ordinary Americans particularly commoner farmers who predominated rural America. In spite of the diversity that characterized the Anti-federalist opposition, they did share a solid core view of American politics. They believed that the greatest threat to the future of the United States lay in the government's potential to become corrupt and seize more and more power until its tyranny like rule completely dominated the people. Having just succeeded in rejecting what they saw as the tyranny of British power, certain threats were seen as a very crucial part of political life. The differences between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists are vast and at times complex. The Anti-Federalists opposed the ratification of the US Constitution, but they never organized efficiently across all thirteen states, and had to fight the ratification at every state convention. Their great success was in forcing the first Congress under the new Constitution to establish a Bill of Rights, to ensure the liberties the Anti-Federalists...
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...What is Federalism? Strayer University Debra Gordon To fulfill the requirements for POL110 Professor August 10, 2014 Abstract Federalism is an ideal structure of government for a nation whose citizens are divided by specific values or interests such as culture, distance or resources. In fact, federalism is a governmental system with different levels that are supreme or largely sovereign in different areas. In this essay, the main idea of federalism is described. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of federalism are identified throughout the essay. Moreover, the problems of government of a nation divided by culture, distance or resources are discussed. It is concluded that federal systems ought to distribute a balance of power between the general and constituent governments in order to fulfill different level requirements. Provide three (3) examples of how federalism has evolved from its origin to the American political system in place today. Federalism refers to the form of government that unites separate political entities or states within a single national system. However, federalism has a principle which allows each political entity or state to retain its independence. There are a number of countries that adopt the idea of federalism to form their government. A state that follows the federal system is known as federation. In fact, a federation is a political union of several states, by which effect is given to a certain state or stage of political thought...
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...Federalist 10, regarding to political parties in the constitutional system and interest groups. Schattschneider describes the pro-party as those who “guarantee civil rights and establishes a system of party tolerance, the right to agitate and to organize,” (Page 171) while he describes the aspects of an anti-party as the separation of powers and federalism. He says that the constitutional system created a constitution that was pro-party in one sense and also anti-party. Later in page 171, Schattschneider says that “the Constitution made the rise of parties inevitable yet was incompatible with party government,” meaning the Constitution makes it difficult for parties to function. He also claims that interests groups don’t have the agreement of people and power to control the government. At the end, he describes the law of the imperfect political mobilization of interests as the result that every individual is torn by the diversity of their own interests, making an individual a member of many groups. Schattscheider’s overview of parties in a constitutional system in “Party Government” is connected to Madison’s famous Federalist paper 10. Madison focused on the Constitution establishing an effectual government that would break and control the dangers of a faction, but at the same time to form a popular government where people have opinions. To Madison, interests groups and parties were bad, because factions were inevitable. E. E. Schattsneider and Madison’s views are the same...
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...Jack Zalewski Period: 2 Mr. Parker 10/8/14 In the large scheme, federalism is defined as a concept in which a group of members are bound together with a governing representative head. Dual federalism is based upon democratic rules and ideas when the power is shared between the state governments and federal governments. With dual federalism, neither the state nor the government gets too much power over what the other one can do. The power of national government is only able to control what the constitution said it can control. It also needed the Supreme Court to try to limit the power of the federal government and establish clear boundaries for interstate and intrastate commerce. Also, congress is not allowed to regulate economic activity...
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...Appendix A Submission Abstract Defining political ideologies and describing the difference between Liberal, Conservative and Libertarian. Discussing the positions these groups support. What the formal process is of amending the Constitution and why it was designed this particular way. Discussing the role of the Court in the development of Federalism and the allocation of federal and state powers with in our U.S. system and how throughout the years it has changed. Political ideology is the beliefs or a philosophy pertaining to religion, social, cultural, and economic affairs by the majority of people with in a society. Liberal conservative and libertarian ideologies are examples of the political ideology. Liberals do not believe in class privileges, but rather equality and sharing resources and welcomes government intervention. Liberals support the welfare programs, government funded free health care, unemployment benefits, Maternity leave and programs of this nature. Conservatives are quite the opposite of what Liberals represent. The conservatives prefer individuals to be held personally responsible for their own wellbeing. They prefer the traditional views and values and is more comfortable with slow or moderate change. They believe the government should have limited say when it comes to regulating the economy. Libertarian beliefs are more geared toward free will, with opposing government interference in personal and economic liberties. When amending the...
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...Constitution of India. All the provisions made in this Constitution are, therefore, liable to be so interpreted as will protect, if not enhance, and certainly not destroy the basic structure namely federal structure of the Union of India. In this reference, adopting the test of Prof. Wheare wherein he says that “any definition of federal government which failed to include the United States would be thereby condemned as unreal.” Therefore, we need to see the condition prevailing in the U.S., the basic principles of federalism, and then in its light analyze the provisions of our Constitution. THE CONCEPT OF FEDERALISM ‘Federalism’ is one of those good echo words that evoke a positive response toward many concepts as democracy, progress, constitution, etc. The term has been seen to be applied to many successful combinations of unity with diversity, pluralism and cooperation within and among nations. When we elaborate upon the essential feature of federalism that the specialists in the field offer, it is noted that they all seem to contain the following basis points: First, in a federation the political authority is territorially divided between two autonomous sets of separate jurisdictions, one national and other provincial, which both operate directly from the people. Second, the existence of a single, indivisible but...
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