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Female Gestation

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Submitted By chihuahualvr
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10/8/11
BIO 1013 S01

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Discuss the anatomical changes in the female body during gestation.
During gestation the female body goes through many changes in the 9 months that a woman is carrying a child.
The anatomical changes that occur are the following: 1) Maternal respiratory rate and tidal volume all increase. This occurs because the lungs of the mother have to deliver the extra oxygen that is needed for the fetus and she also has to get rid of the extra carbon dioxide that is given off by the fetus. 2) The volume of the blood also increases; this happens because the blood that flows to the placenta is reducing the volume in the system and also the metabolic activity of the fetus lowers the bloods Po2 and increases the Pco2. By the end of gestation the mother’s blood volume has increased a whole 50%. 3) The nutrition requirements have also changed because the mother is not only eating for herself but her growing fetus and she is needed to consume more nutrients for the proper growth of the fetus. The nutrient increase is about 10 – 30%. 4) The glomerular filtration rate increases because of the amount of the metabolic waste that is put out by the fetus. This causes the mother to urinate more and this increase is around 50% because of all of the pressure on her bladder. 5) The uterus also is changing in size during this gestation because of the growing fetus that it has to support. 6) Mammary glands begin a change also. These glands need a mixture of hormones to develop and this mixture includes the following: a. Human prolactin b. Placental prolactin( given off by the placenta) c. PRL d. Estrogen e. Progesterone f. GH g. Thyroxine
All of these come from the mother’s endocrine organs. The mammary glands help in the feeding of the infant after birth. These are some of the changes that occur during gestation but the mother undergoes many physical and emotional changes too. Some of the changes that occur are: 1. Morning sickness 2. Weight gain 3. Constipation 4. SOB 5. Stretch marks (from stretching of the skin) 6. Varicose veins 7. Mood changes 8. Sleeplessness 9. Depression
All of these changes occur throughout the pregnancy and some remain long after the pregnancy too.
Works Cited
Martini, F., & Nath, J. L. (2009). Fundamentals of Anatomy and physiology (8th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Pearson.

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