...Figurative Language versus Literal Language By: Angelle Dent PHI210 Professor Carrie Prettiman January 20, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning and functionalities associated with figurative language versus literal language. Traditionally, figurative language, such as metaphors and idioms, have been considered derivatives from and more complex than ostensibly straightforward language. “A contemporary view is that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations that are used for ordinary, literal language” (Glucksberg, 1975). Figurative language is language that uses words and or expressions with a meaning that is different or a variation from the literal interpretation. Literal language, in comparison, is very direct and straightforward in approach by simply conveying facts. When a writer or author uses literal language, he or she is stating the facts as they are. Figurative language, on the other hand, is very common in poetry and verses and is used in prose and nonfiction writing using creativity and imaginative expression conveyed through personal ideas or opinions. Figurative language is often used as a literary device that many authors use to bring the reader into the actual writing. The language is written in such a way that what is being said or stated is different from the actual literal meaning of the words. Some common types of figurative languages are defined and explained below. Idiom:...
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...forming rhythmic lines'. In short, a poem is something that follows a particular flow of rhythm and meter. Compared to prose, where there is no such restriction, and the content of the piece flows according to story, a poem may or may not have a story, but definitely has a structured method of writing. Elements of Poetry There are several elements which make up a good poem. Although it is not mandatory for a poet to use all these elements or devices, they form an important aspect of poetry. So what are the elements of a poem? In brief, they are described below. Rhythm: This is the music made by the statements of the poem, which includes the syllables in the lines. The best method of understanding this is to read the poem aloud, and understand the stressed and unstressed syllables. Listen for the sounds and the music made when we hear the lines spoken aloud. How do the words resonate with each other? How do the words flow when they are linked with one another? Does sound right? Do the words fit with each other? These are the things you consider while studying the rhythm of the poem. Meter: This is the basic structural make-up of the poem. Do the syllables match with each other? Every line in the poem must adhere to this structure. A poem is made up of blocks of lines, which convey a single strand of thought. Within those blocks, a structure of syllables which follow the rhythm has to be included. This is the meter or the metrical form of poetry. Stanza: Stanza in poetry...
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...Terms – AP English Language and Composition These terms should be of use to you in answering the multiple-choice questions, analyzing prose passages, and composing your essays. allegory – The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. In some allegories, for example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. The allegorical meaning usually deals with moral truth or a generalization about human existence. alliteration – The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in “she sells sea shells”). Although the term is not frequently in the multiple choice section, you can look for alliteration in any essay passage. The repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound, and/or echo the sense of the passage. allusion – A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion. ambiguity – The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. analogy – A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating...
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...FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE VERSUS LITERAL LANGUAGE STRAYER UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR CARLA THOMPSON PHI 210 WEEK 3 ASSIGNMENT TWO 10/25/2012 DEFINE THE MEANING AND FUNCTION OF EACH TERM Idiom is a set expression of two or more words that means something other than the literal meanings of its individual words. The meaning of idiom conveys is non-compositional. It implies that you cannot understand the meaning of the whole phrase putting the meaning of each word together. If you look at the individual words, it may not even make sense grammatically. Idiomatic expressions are integral units. It literally means that idioms possess indivisible completeness, so all the components are bound within one idiom ( [ (Nordquist, 2012) ]. Analogy in rhetoric is reasoning or explaining from parallel cases. Analogy, in biology functions as superficial resemblance of structures that have different origins. It is interesting to note the extensive use of analogy in the scientific works of Margaret Cavendish and Anne Conway, two contemporary women philosophers of the seventeenth century, who did not personally know each other as vitalists, they both perceived such infinite echoes in the world ( [ (Nordquist, 2012) ]. Metaphor is a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. A metaphor expresses the unfamiliar in terms of the familiar. “Metaphor the energy charge that leaps between images revealing their connections”...
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...[pic] JPPSS ELA COURSE GUIDE 2011-2012 ENGLISH I The JPPSS Instructional Sequence Guides are aligned with the LA Comprehensive Curriculum. JPPSS Implementation of Activities in the Classroom Incorporation of activities into lesson plans is critical to the successful implementation of the Louisiana Comprehensive Curriculum. The Comprehensive Curriculum indicates one way to align instruction with Louisiana standards, benchmarks, and grade-level expectations. The curriculum is aligned with state content standards, as defined by grade-level expectations (GLEs), and organized into coherent, time-bound units with sample activities and classroom assessments to guide teaching and learning. The units in the curriculum have been arranged so that the content to be assessed will be taught before the state testing dates. While teachers may substitute equivalent activities and assessments based on the instructional needs, learning styles, and interests of their students, the Comprehensive Curriculum should be a primary resource when planning instruction. Grade level expectations—not the textbook—should determine the content to be taught. Textbooks and other instructional materials should be used as resource in teaching the grade level expectations...
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...English - Final Exam Terms to Know The following link is very helpful: Examples Glossary from Your Dictionary Alliteration In alliteration, the first consonant sound is repeated in several words. A good example is “wide-eyed and wondering while we wait for others to waken”. Alliteration can be fun, as in tongue twisters like: “Kindly kittens knitting mittens keep kazooing in the king's kitchen 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Alice’s aunt ate apples and acorns around August. Becky’s beagle barked and bayed, becoming bothersome for Billy. Carries cat clawed her couch, creating chaos. Dan’s dog dove deep in the dam, drinking dirty water as he dove. Eric’s eagle eats eggs, enjoying each episode of eating. Examples of Alliteration Allusion “I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio’s.” This refers to the story of Pinocchio, where his nose grew whenever he told a lie. It is from The Adventures of Pinocchio, written by Carlo Collodi. “When she lost her job, she acted like a Scrooge, and refused to buy anything that wasn’t necessary.” Scrooge was an extremely stingy character from Charles Dickens’, A Christmas Carol. “I thought the software would be useful, but it was a Trojan Horse.” This refers to the horse that the Greeks built that contained all the soldiers. It was given as a gift to the enemy during the Trojan War and, once inside the enemy's walls, the soldiers broke out. By using trickery, the Greeks won the war. “He was a real Romeo with the ladies.” Romeo was a character...
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...MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION This module provides an overview on the subject of art appreciation for those entirely new to the subject. This is a complex topic to deal with and it is impossible to have a truly comprehensive discussion on the topic in such a brief essay. The student is advised to consult more advanced texts to gain further understanding of how to appreciate art more fully. HUMANITIES: What is it? • The term Humanities comes from the Latin word, “humanitas” • It generally refers to art, literature, music, architecture, dance and the theatre—in which human subjectivity is emphasized and individual expressiveness is dramatized. HOW IMPORTANT IS HUMANITIES • The fields of knowledge and study falling under humanities are dedicated to the pursuit of discovering and understanding the nature of man. • The humanities deal with man as a being of purpose, of values, loves, hates, ideas and sometimes as seer or prophet with divine inspiration. • The humanities aim at educating. THE ARTS: What is it? • The word “art” usually refers to the so-called “fine arts” (e.g. pictorial, plastic, and building)– and to the so-called “minor arts” (everyday, useful, applied, and decorative arts) • The word “art” is derived from arti, which denotes craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form, inventiveness. • Art serves as a technical and creative record of human needs and achievements. The word 'art' is often used in our daily lives. However, when...
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...TYPE OF WORK: * Masterly work of Andrew Marvell * Lyrical poem * Love poem * Seducing poem * Carpedium poem * Metaphysical poem * Startling comparisons or contrasts of a metaphysical (spiritual, transcendent, abstract) quality to a concrete (physical, tangible, sensible) object. * Mockery or satirizing of idealized romantic poetry and divines of love through crude or shocking imagery * Gross exaggeration * Expression of personal, private feelings * Presentation of a logical argument, or syllogism THE TITLE: “To His Coy Mistress” * Mistress - A young woman who has an affair with a married man - A person in- charge (manager, caretaker, courtesan) - A patron or a female sweetheart in 1650’s - The female equivalent of master * Coy -Pretending to be shy or reserved -Olden days referred it to the feeling of shyness - “To coy” (v) means to stroke - The lady is no easy catch * His - Third-person possessive pronoun -Refers to the young man The tying of both the words ‘mistress’ and ‘coy’ brings about the beauty of the poem which talks about complicated relationship and complicated communication between the speaker and his mistress. It’s a plea to a young lady by his lover. THE PERSONA (The Young Man): * First-person point of view * Presentation as the plea of another man (fictional) who is the persona of the poet * The young man is impatient, desperately...
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...Unit by Tracee Orman Practices reading comprehension, vocabulary, and figurative language. Quitters Inc. by Stephen King (published in Night Shift, 1978) Quitters Inc. Worksheet ©2008, T. Orman “Quitters Inc.” by Stephen King NOTE to TEACHER: This short story is appropriate for high school students (grades 10-12). It contains strong language that may not be appropriate for all students, so please use your own discretion. I use the movie “Cat’s Eye” as a companion to this story because the first story in the movie is based on “Quitters Inc.” Two differences: Dick Morrison’s son is a daughter in the movie (played by Drew Barrymore) and a cat is used for the “rabbit room.” We also read “The Contents of the Dead Man’s Pocket” by Jack Finney. If you choose to show the entire movie “Cat’s Eye,” the second story is called “The Ledge.” It is not similar in theme, but you could talk about the similarities as characters from both must go out on a ledge of a tall building. “The Ledge” story (from King’s Night Shift collection) does contain profanity/ language. This document includes: • Vocabulary crossword for Quitters Inc. • Additional vocabulary exercises (can be used before, after, or during reading) • Vocabulary definitions organizer • Pre-reading anticipatory questions • Content comprehension questions • Post-reading follow-up questions • Figurative language exercise • The text (with visuals) of Quitters Inc. (I did the layout...
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...The Love and Grief of the speaker for Annabel Lee Edgar Allan Poe’s poem “Annabel Lee” is one of his most famous and well-loved poems and contains themes that appear in many of Poe’s work, such as the death and burial of a beautiful woman, undying love, and deification of her memory. It was written in 1849 and was published shortly only after Poe’s death that same year. Aside from “The Raven”, “Annabel Lee” as Brod Bagert stated is marked by a deep sadness over the loss of a loved one (4). Seeing as the structure of the poem is almost as if someone were telling a story, the audience may very well be any attentive group of listeners, listening to a love story. In the poem, the speaker is an individual love-struck by Annabel Lee. The poem's speaker describes his love and the love he shares with Annabel Lee, which began many years ago in a so-called "kingdom by the sea". Though they were young, their love for one another burned with such an intensity that as the speaker tells even the powerful forces such as death can’t keep him and Annabel Lee apart. The poem, as Dawn Sova noted recounts a love so powerful that even the angels feel envious of the bond, which transcends death and overcomes both human and cosmic forces that seek to “dissever my soul from the soul of the beautiful Annabel Lee”. (25) Every day, so overrun by grief and love, the individual (the speaker) goes into the grave of his Annabel Lee by the sea to lie down with her. Who is Annabel Lee? Let us find out...
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...Russian – Armenian (Slavonic) University Institute of Humanities Department of Theory of Language and Cross-Cultural Communication Term Paper Title: Nonsense, Play and Folklore in Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll Student: Voskanyan Evgenia Supervisor: Yerevan 2015 Contents * Introduction: Lewis Carroll ………………………………………...………..….….3 Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland * Folklore ………………………………………………………………….....….…….5 * Game of Nonsense …………………………………………………….…....……..7 * Wordplay and Quibble …………………………………………………..………..10 * Psychological interpretations of Alice in Wonderland …………………………13 Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There * Folklore …………………………………………………………………..………...15 * Contrariwise! ................................................................................................16 * Philosophical viewpoints in Through the Looking-Glass .……...…….……….19 * Conclusion: On the other side of the chessboard …………………………......21 * References .………………….………………………………………………...…..22 Lewis Carroll Come with us now on a journey to Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass, the fairytales created by legendary Lewis Carroll. Being little known under the birth name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, Lewis Carroll was a famous English writer and one of the founders of literary nonsense. Born in the Victorian Era to a family of a parson, he was raised according to the moral values of those...
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...№ 18 [Type text] : HEADLINES by Craig Halsall Dear all, Spring Holiday IGCSE & A Level Revision Programmes An important letter has been sent home with Year 10, 11, 12 and 13 pupils. Parents will also have received a copy of the letter via email and notification of the same via my official school Twitter feed, @CRHalsall. The letter explains an opportunity that we are considering offering to pupils taking IGCSE, AS or A2 examinations this summer. The importance of effective revision in helping pupils achieve their best possible grade is well documented. Effective revision can often make the difference and help pupils achieve higher grades. We also believe that pupils find it difficult to revise at home, which can be stressful for parents too. We are therefore considering offering an intensive revision programme during the last major school holiday before the summer exams. Full details of the programme are set out in the letter. There is also a link to an online survey that will take a maximum of two minutes to complete. The purpose of the survey is to understand the level of interest in the revision programme. A large number of pupils have expressed an interest in attending the programme, but it can only run should there be sufficient demand. Please complete the online survey by Monday 2nd February to express an interest in learning more about the intensive revision programme. Key Stage 1 Open Forum The Key Stage 1 Parents’ Open Forum...
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...Notes on Song of Solomon 2 0 1 4 E d i t i o n Dr. Thomas L. Constable Introduction TITLE In the Hebrew Bible the title of this book is "The Song of Songs." It comes from 1:1. The Septuagint and Vulgate translators adopted this title. The Latin word for song is canticum from which we get the word Canticles, another title for this book. Some English translations have kept the title "Song of Songs" (e.g., NIV, TNIV), but many have changed it to "Song of Solomon" based on 1:1 (e.g., NASB, AV, RSV, NKJV). WRITER AND DATE Many references to Solomon throughout the book confirm the claim of 1:1 that Solomon wrote this book (cf. 1:4-5, 12; 3:7, 9, 11; 6:12; 7:5; 8:11-12; 1 Kings 4:33). He reigned between 971 and 931 B.C. Richard Hess believed the writer is unknown and could have been anyone, even a woman, and that the female heroine viewed and described her lover as a king: as a Solomon.1 How could Solomon, who had 700 wives and 300 concubines (1 Kings 11:3), be the same faithful lover this book presents? He could be if he became polygamous after the events in this book took place. That seems a more likely explanation than that he was polygamous when these events occurred and just omitted reference to his other loves. Probably he wrote the book before he became polygamous. We do not know how old Solomon was when he married the second time. The history recorded in Kings and Chronicles is not in strict chronological order. The Shulammite was probably not Pharaoh's daughter in view...
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...English-E11-12 7/27/07 2:24 PM Page 1 Ministry of Education The Ontario Curriculum Grades 11 and 12 English Printed on recycled paper 07-003 ISBN 978-1-4249-4741-6 (Print) ISBN 978-1-4249-4742-3 (PDF) ISBN 978-1-4249-4743-0 (TXT) © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2007 2007 REVISED CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 Secondary Schools for the Twenty-first Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Importance of Literacy, Language, and the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principles Underlying the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roles and Responsibilities in English Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH 3 3 4 5 9 Overview of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Curriculum Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Strands in the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Basic Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...full-fledged evil “minions,” you need to read this handbook carefully. It explains everything you need to know. “English,” as you may know, is shorthand for “English Language Arts.” Being that we are in an Arts school, but one where academics must and always do come first, it is important that we approach the subject as what it is: an art form. How does one study the arts? What exactly do we do when we study drawing, sculpture, music, or dance? Well, anyone who has studied the arts will tell you that studying the arts essentially involves two things: • Learning about, and developing an awareness of and appreciation for, existing works of art in that particular form; • Developing the skills and techniques associated with the art form, in order to create our own works. In the case of language arts, much like any other art form, we will be studying existing works of art (i.e., reading books, stories and poems), and developing the skills to produce our own (i.e., writing). That’s what English Language Arts is. We will also be preparing ourselves for New York State’s Regents Comprehensive Examination in English, which we’ll all be taking in June. This two-day, six-hour, four-part exam requires no specific knowledge or content, but it does require the skills to listen, read, understand, respond, interpret, analyze, and of course, write. Everything we do in class is designed to develop those skills, and prepare your for that exam. So, So what does that mean to you, the student? It means we’re...
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