...scientific fact that the brain, spinal cord and the rest of the nerves control every aspect of the body. If someone were to hinder the vital nerve links between their brain and their body, illnesses and diseases can result. A common source of interference comes from the moving bones of your spinal cord. In Chiropractic terms, these misalignments of the vertebrae are called subluxations. I learned through this talk how these...
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...1. | Question : | (TCO 1) What is the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information? | | | Student Answer: | | empiricism | | | | science | | | | critical thinking | | | | mental processing | | Instructor Explanation: | See Chapter 1, p. 4 | | | | Points Received: | 2 of 2 | | Comments: | | | | 2. | Question : | (TCO 1) A student placed in a gifted program based on their IQ score would be an example of which goal of psychology? | | | Student Answer: | | describing behavior | | | | explaining behavior | | | | predicting behavior | | | | changing behavior | | Instructor Explanation: | See Chapter 1, p. 5 | | | | Points Received: | 0 of 2 | | Comments: | See Chapter 1, p. 5 | | | 3. | Question : | (TCO 1) Most psychologists earn degrees in the area of ____________. | | | Student Answer: | | educational psychology | | | | school psychology | | | | clinical psychology | | | | cognitive psychology | | Instructor Explanation: | See Chapter 1, p. 6 | | | | Points Received: | 2 of 2 | | Comments: | | | | 4. | Question : | (TCO 1) Structuralism made an important contribution to the science of psychology because it ________________. | | | Student Answer: | | established a model for the scientific study of mental processes. | | | | showed how separate thoughts combined to form an...
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...A Look Into the World of Spina Bifida One in one thousand births are affected by neural tube defects, second most common in humans. Two particular defects include anencephaly and spina bifida, caused by the neural tube’s failure to close early on during the development of the brain and spinal cord. If the neural tube that forms the brain does not close, it is known as anencephaly and this results in the brain forming completely abnormally and the cranium being absent. The results are death at birth. In mice, this defect is known as exencephaly. Which is where Dr. Heather Mcdermid and her research staff base their studies and experiments. Mutation of the gene Cecr2 causes exencephaly in mice in a strain dependent manner. For example a BALB/c strain on a mouse, when mutated, shows exencephaly in 75% of mouse embryos. Studing of the gene Cecr2 and its major modifier, a gene located on chromosome 19, will hopefully add to their field of research and understanding of the mechanisms of normal neurulation and neural tube defects. Dr. Mcdermid went to school at the University of Western Ontario, where she would receive her bachelors of science in zoology; then, due to marriage, Dr. Mcdermid moved to Kingston and through observing a prof of the field, became avidaly interestd in human genetics. Going on to receive her P.H.d. Upon returning to Edmonton Currently engaged in two projects, Dr. Mcdermid and her team are looking at Neural Tube Defects in mice, a lot of different aspects...
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...Therapeutic Exercise Prescription Concepts Applied to Patients Diagnosed With Fibromyalgia Pain is defined as an “unpleasant feeling, conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons” (Medical Dictionary, 2013). Pain is a subjective interpretation, which describes location, intensity and nature of sensory information resulted from noxious stimulation of nerve endings. The emotional response and other various conscious or unconscious responses add to the concept of pain. Acute pain usually results from tissue damage and it usually ends once the injury is healed. Chronic pain is a long term condition related to a persistent or degenerative disease or it doesn’t have an identifiable cause. Although there are different opinions about when a patient can be declared as suffering from chronic pain (after six months or twelve months), the presence of such sensation after the healing period usually leads to this diagnosis. One of the diseases with a generalized chronic pain as a symptom, which continues to generate many debates in the medical world, is fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia, a disorder that affects the overall system and has an effect of generalized chronic pain, will be delineated in this paper, including its causes, manifestation, and part of the process of managing this disease in which a kinesiologist would have a central role. Fibromyalgia, estimated to affect 4% of the population, is a compilation of symptoms accompanying pain, which include fatigue, stiffness and sleep disturbance...
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...protrudes outwards or indents inwards * crowded teeth Scoliosis Marfan syndrome can cause the spine to become abnormally curved to the sides. This is known as scoliosis. Curvature of the spine can cause long-term backache. In severe cases, it can also make breathing difficult or the spine may press against the heart and lungs. Spondylolisthesis Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra (the small bones that make up your spine) slips forward over another vertebra. This usually occurs at the bottom end of the spine, and can cause back pain and stiffness. Anyone can develop spondylolisthesis, but it more commonly affects people with Marfan syndrome. Dural ectasia The dura is the membrane (thin layer of cells) that lines your brain and spinal cord. Dural ectasia is a condition that occurs when the dura becomes weakened and expands outwards. People with Marfan syndrome are at particular risk of developing dural ectasia. As the membrane expands it can press on the vertebrae in your lower back, which can cause: * backache * headache * numbness or pain in your legs Eyes Many people with Marfan syndrome have some type of vision problem. Lens dislocation affects half of all people with the syndrome. This is where the eye's lens (the transparent structure in the middle of your eye) falls into an abnormal position. Other...
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...Walker 1 Hunter Walker Professor Brecht ENC 1101 7 October 2014 The Potential Benefits of Human Cloning Imagine a utopia-based world in which a majority of lethal diseases could be cured. Human cloning could save the lives of people in ways that one could not even begin to imagine. “This new technology heralds a new era of unparalleled advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefits begin” (Human Cloning Foundation). The process of cloning a human being sounds more complicated than one would think. The procedure starts by removing DNA from the egg of a female, replacing that with genetic material from the person being cloned, initiating the development of the embryo, and finally, placing the embryo into a womb (Reason Magazine). With the ability of cloning humans, couples who had no hope for having children of their own, are able to reproduce, there would be cures to countless lethal diseases, and myriad lives would be saved from what seemed like impossible transplants. Human cloning needs to be further researched and experimented upon due to the overwhelming benefits and opportunities it brings forth for the human race. After human cloning is perfected, there are unimaginable advancements that would be made possible in the medical field. Infertile couples would be able to generate their own children. Rather than using the sperm and eggs from total strangers, the couple could produce their own child with their DNA. Even though the child would be...
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...Chapter 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science Textbook: i. The Need for Psychological Science a) Did We Know It All Along? Hindsight Bias i. Hindsight bias = Something has happened makes it seem inevitable ii. Not because common sense is usually wrong, but because common sense more easily describes what has happened than what will happen b) Overconfidence iii. We tend to think we know more than we do c) The Scientific Attitude iv. Curiosity 1. Empirical approach v. Skepticism = persistently asking two questions: What do you mean? How do you know? 2. Scientific attitude: being skeptical but not cynical, open but not gullible vi. Humility = an awareness of our own vulnerability to error and an openness to surprises and new perspectives d) Critical Thinking ii. How Do Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions? e) The Scientific Method vii. A scientific theory explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviour or events. viii. Hypotheses ix. We should be aware that it can bias subjective observations x. Operational functions = a statement of the procedures used to define research variables. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test xi. Replicate – repeat xii. Finally – organizepredictionsrevised...
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...There are differences and similarities between the two diseases according to their symptoms. Hypertensive and diabetic patients share some symptoms. These symptoms are Comparing and Contrasting of Hypertension and Diabetes Did you know that in the United States, 17 million people suffer from diabetes and 50 million people suffer from hypertension. Like diabetes, hypertension millions of people don’t know that they have it. In this essay I will discuss the cause, symptoms, complication and treatment in which hypertension and diabetes are alike and how they differ. I will start by saying hypertension and diabetes can be compared and contrasted according to their causes. There are two types of hypertension: primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is high blood pressure for which no cause can be found, but secondary hypertension has definite causes (Segen, 1992). The heart pumps blood through the body’s arteries to all parts of the body. At the time when the blood vessel become narrow, the flow of blood trough them will be harder, so the blood will exert the wall vessels and increase the pressure in them. Diabetes is similarly is that it also has two types. Type 1 diabetes is one type that occurs because of the failure of making the hormone called insulin by the pancreas. The other type is type 2 diabetes that is due to failure of using insulin by the body; in other words, diabetes occurs when the body cannot produce or use insulin. There...
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...Strep Throat. One of the diseases that was spreading in college was Meningococcal Meningitis, which is caused by the bacteria Neisseria Meningitidis. This bacteria is very common and likely to spread within young adults. Meningococcal Meningitis is a severe disease in which although many recover, if not treated on time it can lead to serious complications, such as learning disabilities, brain damage, and hearing loss. Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and the spinal cord. This disease develops when bacteria enters the bloodstream making its way towards the brain. It is highly contagious and can be spread through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions. Meningitis symptoms are easily developed within hours or 2 days. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, vomiting, seizures, sleepiness, loss of appetite, and skin rash. The longer the disease goes without being treated, the greater the risk the patient is taking to suffer from permanent neurological damage, which includes: hearing and memory loss, learning disabilities, brain...
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...Depression is a mental illness in the brain, and is characterised by low moods, poor self-esteem. These feelings of self-worthlessness can often be accompanied by suicidal ideologies. [1] Depression is thought to be due to a deficit in the concentration of noradrenaline, serotonin and dopamine in the brain and spinal cord. This is called the Monoamine Theory of Depression. This theory is emphasised by the way antidepressants work, in that they increase levels of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain in order to combat depression. [2] One such group of antidepressants that work in this way, in that its target role is to increase the concentration of monoamines in the brain to cure depression, are the Tricyclic antidepressants. Tricyclic...
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...Course Description This is the first half of the Anatomy and Physiology for majors, based upon “Fundamentals of Human Anatomy and Physiology” by Frederic H. Martini textbook (ninth edition), you will study the basics of cells, tissues and some organs as integumentary system, skeletal system, muscle system and Nervous system. It is indispensable and Mandatory for the class to have Course Compass My Lab/Mastering as a tool provided with your book package at Miami Dade College Bookstore. Use the following course ID: cendon57714 Please make sure that you read everything in this handout because this is our contract and agreement with the rules of this class The above course links to the following Learning Outcomes: * Communicate effectively using listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. * Solve problems using critical thinking and scientific reasoning. * Use computers and emerging technologies effectively. * Describe how natural systems function and recognize the impact of humans on the environment. | This course does not have pre-requisites, but it is very important to have background in Chemistry and Biology. | | Corequisite(s) BSC 2085 lab | Course Competencies: Competency 1: The Sciences of Anatomy and Physiology Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to understand the meaning of these two terms by: 1.1 Defining anatomy and physiology, and explaining how they are related. 1...
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...with the magnetic field and the amount of energy released, depends on the surroundings and the chemical nature of the molecules. What Does an MRI Show? Detailed photos of soft tissues are given by an MRI. Hard bone, air, muscles, and fat appear black in the MRI images because they have different densities and water content, creating different levels of signal. Soft tissues alter in intensity from black to white from the amount of fat and water present in the tissue. Comparing the size and distributions of the bright and dark areas from the MRI image can help the radiologist figure out whether the tissue is healthy or not. The photo above demonstrates a patient with a brain tumor. MRIs are the best imaging method to use when it comes to the investigation of the brain or spinal cord. Doctors can determine what type of tumor it might be, based on how it looks on the scan and the location of the tumor in the brain using the MRI scans. It can even measure the size of the tumor. MRIs are the best way to diagnose a brain tumor because they provide a high resolution image of the conditions from the contrast agent. To receive a clear MRI image, the patient must remain still during the process when placed inside the magnet. MRI contrast agents are chemical substances used in MRI scans and often contains the element gadolinium which has magnetic properties that can be used to enhance certain tissues by injecting into the bloodstream. The computer have the ability to see the arteries and...
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...intensity, it will generate an action potential. When the neurons are depolarized the neuron itself, as well as nearby lamellar cells, release the neurotransmitter glutamate and produce a mechano-chemical response. Glial cells also release GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, to modulate the excitatory output. Afferent neurons are then activated by excitatory transmitters and the signal travels all the way up to the brain. In this patient’s case, either there is not enough glutamate produced by the afferent fibers or the glial and lamellar cells are producing more GABA to inhibit signal transduction. Therefore, there will be an overall decrease in touch (or vibration in this case). In distal myopathy, the somatosensory system is affected. In this case, modalities like the feeling of touch and movement are affected. As the patient has loss of feeling in the distal limbs, it could...
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...The Trials of Stem Cell Therapy Stem Cells: Plenty of Hope, but Halting Progress By KAREN WEINTRAUBSEPT. 15, 2014 Photo Embryonic stem cells, from a woman with Type 1 diabetes, were induced to turn into insulin-making beta cells, in hopes they could be implanted to cure the disease. Credit Bjarki Johannesson/New York Stem Cell Foundation, via Reuters Edgar Irastorza was just 31 when his heart stopped beating in October 2008. A Miami property manager, break-dancer and former high school wrestler, Mr. Irastorza had recently gained weight as his wife’s third pregnancy progressed. “I kind of got pregnant, too,” he said. During a workout one day, he felt short of breath and insisted that friends rush him to the hospital. Minutes later, his pulse flatlined. He survived the heart attack, but the scar tissue that resulted cut his heart’s pumping ability by a third. He couldn’t pick up his children. He couldn’t dance. He fell asleep every night wondering if he would wake up in the morning. Desperation motivated Mr. Irastorza to volunteer for a highly unusual medical research trial: getting stem cells injected directly into his heart. “I just trusted my doctors and the science behind it, and said, ‘This is my only chance,’ ” he said recently. Over the last five years, by studying stem cells in lab dishes, test animals and intrepid patients like Mr. Irastorza, researchers have brought the vague, grandiose promises of stem cell therapies closer to reality. Photo Edgar...
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...Old Dominion University Human Adaptation and Variation Alyssa Carlson 01005378 ANTR 110S_10772 Dr. Elva Smith 24 November 2014 Human biological diversity encompasses much more than the characteristics seen by the naked eye. Our species walked new and unique paths to arrive at our present existence. Our journey resulted in the achievement of many innovative and unique physiognomies allowing us to survive and reproduce. What characteristics have our species evolved and which most greatly shaped our evolution by conferring additional advantages in survivorship? Although there are many remarkable characteristics that have evolved the most striking variance and adaptation amongst the human population is variation in skin color. The fascination lies in the fact that for centuries the human body has used continuing adaptation to protect humans in different ways such as disease and protection from the sun. Scientists have made considerable progress in explaining variation in human skin color, along with many other features of biological and genetic diversity. Diversities of skin color are a result of natural selection. Over periods of time, adaptation has allowed the favored types to survive by natural selection. In addition, the color of one’s skin goes well beyond the surface as a result of geographic distribution. With years of struggle against nature behind us, human bodies have acclimated...
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