...Beckman and Baker conducted a study on the influence of financial incentives in a pay for performance based research experiment of professional physicians. Their study aimed to provide further evidence on the effect of the agency theory in incentivizing the agent by providing financial rewards particularly in professional organizational settings. There is much debate in the field about the real benefits of financial incentives on human behavior management in the workplace. The subject remains controversial and many studies have provided equivocal results. Their study exposes that physicians in the test group responded differently to the financial incentives offered based particularly on their belief in the importance of the goals or on their feeling of having their autonomy undermined (Young, et al., 2012). However the results are not conclusive and hinge largely on the underlying motivation and attitudes of the professional test subjects themselves and how they perceived the incentive scheme. This research is a loose experiment in a narrow field of professional organisation, however the results of this study do provide some insight into the motivation behind and acceptance of pay for performance schemes by those in a professional field with a certain level of autonomy. Limitations need to be observed in interpreting the overall conclusion of the findings. Theoretical Perspectives The authors focus a great portion of the article to the discussion of the theoretical perspectives in...
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...Zahirul Hoque School of Accounting, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Abstract Purpose – The purpose of paper is to present a review of the literature on management accounting innovations (MAIs). Specifically, it explores recent developments in research on MAIs and offers suggestions for future research. The review differs from existing reviews by its specific focus on MAIs and the recent time period covered. In this paper, MAIs refer to the adoption of “newer” or modern forms of management accounting systems such as activity-based costing (ABC), activity-based management, time-driven ABC, target costing, and balanced scorecards. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a review of findings from journal articles published in 22 notable accounting journals. Findings – The review finds that research on MAIs has intensified during the period 2000-2008, with the main focus on exploring the extent to which a host of organizational and environmental factors influence the implementation and use of MAIs in organizations. In addition, research on MAIs indicates the dominant use of sociological theories and increasing use of empirical/field studies. Research limitations/implications – A literature review using a given set of accounting journals and search words used to identify relevant articles may overlook literature within the scope of the review. The paper concludes the importance of more research on MAIs by offering some...
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...Accrual Basis Accounting: Businesses Record Transactions as They Occur Abstract The purpose of this paper is to summarize the effects of accuracy and reliability of accrued expenses for financial information provided to users based on academic information. I will evaluate several key factors that are involved in accruing for expenses and how accruals affect a company’s financial statements. Included will be GAAP’s matching principle and FASB guidance on accruals. Other sources examined will from several academic articles. The results indicate that accruing for expenses maintain the matching concept. Accruals help avoid deceptive income statements that could result from the timing of cash payments. Table of Contents Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………...2 Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….....4 Literature Review ………………………………………………………………….. …......5 Locating Financial Misstatements: Where to Look……………………………....5 Accounting for the Costs to treat Environmental Contamination…………………7 Coping with FASB Statement No. 106-- "Accounting for Post-retirement Benefits Other Than Pensions…………………………………………………8 On the Implementation of Accrual Accounting: A Study of Conflict and Ambiguity……………………………………………………………………..8 Depreciation Rules and the Relation between Marginal and Historical Cost…….9 The Role of Accruals in Asymmetrically Timely Gain and Loss Recognition…...9 On Matching...
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...Financial Terminology Financial management is such a fascinating subject. A lot of people would ask, “Why?” Financial management can be easily explained as the management of money. Financial management is crucial for both individuals and organizations because it deals with managing funds. It guides a company and individual in making optimum use of money to achieve maximum returns. While working on this specific assignment I decided to concentrate on financial ratio analysis, since I am the business owner, and most of the financial terms like balance sheet, shareholder’s equity, EBITDA, EBITDAM, financial ethics, financial benchmarking I am very familiar with. I must admit that understanding financial ratio analysis I found somehow difficult, this is why I decided to concentrate on this topic. Summary of Articles The first article that I read is called “Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the Predictions of Corporate Bankruptcy” by Edward I. Altman, published 1968 in the Journal of Finance. The article says that academicians are seeking to eliminate ratio analysis as an analytical technique in assessing the performance of a business. According to the article theorists are attacking the relevance of ratio analysis. The article explores the possibility of whether the gap between traditional ratio analysis and more rigorous statistical techniques can be bridged. According to the article the traditional ratio analysis is no longer an important analytical...
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...Memorandum- CPA Report Vincent Mokwenye ACCA 545- Financial Reporting Monday December 18, 2012 Memorandum- CPA Report MEMORANDUM Date: December10, 2012 To: Libby Grimes Re: CPA Report In response to your request for information, this memo will address the methodology used to determine deferred taxes, the various procedures used for reporting accounting changes and error corrections, and the rationale for establishing the subsidiary as a corporation. In addition it will address our professional responsibilities are as a Certified Public Accountants (CPA’s) and finally distinguish between a financial audit and a financial review. The Methodology used to Determine Deferred Taxes The accounting for tax liability is governed by the internal revenue service (IRS) code whereas income statement financial reporting is done according the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The taxable income reported to the IRS is based on the cash basis accounting whereas the pre-tax profit reported in the income statement to the stockholders is prepared using the accrual accounting. As a result, there is a difference between the tax liability reported to the IRS and the tax expense reported in the income statement. This causes the book income reported to stockholders to be different from the tax income reported to the IRS. If certain revenues and/or expenses are reported in different years in income statements and on income tax returns, an asset or liability called...
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...READING RESEARCH LITERATURE #1 Guidelines and Grading Rubric– Week 3 Purpose The student will read research literature to determine the research purpose, design, classification, peer-review status, and presence of author bias or conflict of interest. Course Outcomes This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes: CO 2: Apply research principles to the interpretation of the content of published research studies. (PO 4, 8) CO 4: Evaluate published nursing research for credibility and lab significance related to evidence-based practice. (PO 4, 8) Due Date: Submit to the Reading Research Literature #1 basket in the Dropbox by 11:59 p.m. MT Sunday at the end of Week 3. Requirements 1. Download the research articles from the Chamberlain library. See “Searching Databases: Tips for Finding Assigned Articles.pdf” from the Doc Sharing tab for assistance. Retrieve the following research articles: Sanford, J., Townsend-Rocchicciolli, J., Horigan, A., & Hall, P. (2011). A process of decision making by caregivers of family members with heart failure. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 25(1), 55-70. Schwarz, K. A., Mion, L. C., Hudock, D., & Litman, G. (2008). Telemonitoring of heart failure patients and their caregivers: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 23, 18-26. 2. Download “NR449_RRL1_form” and type answers to the questions directly onto the form. Your paper does NOT need to follow...
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...Manufacture, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia c School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China b a r t i c l e in fo Available online 3 July 2010 Keywords: Supply chain Risk management Citation/co-citation analysis abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the research development in supply chain risk management (SCRM), which has shown an increasing global attention in recent years. Literature survey and citation/ co-citation analysis are used to fulfil the research task. Literature survey has undertaken a thorough search of articles on selected journals relevant to supply chain operations management. Meanwhile, citation/co-citation analysis uses Web of Sciences database to disclose SCRM development between 1995 and 2009. Both the approaches show similar trends of rising publications over the past 15 years. This review has piloted us to identify and classify the potential risk associated with different flows, namely material, cash and information flows. Consequently, we identify some research gaps. Even though there is a pressing need and awareness of SCRM from industrial aspect, quantitative models in the field are relatively lacking and information flow risk has received less attention. It is also interesting to observe the evolutions and advancements of SCRM discipline. One finding is that the intellectual structure of the field made statistically significant increase during...
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...Course Design Guide HCS/405 Version 5 1 Course Design Guide College of Natural Sciences HCS/405 Version 5 Health Care Financial Accounting Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2007, 2005, 2004, 2002, 1999 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an understanding of the general principles of accounting applied in the health care environment. It includes an overview of sources of revenue for various health care entities. The fundamentals of financial planning, cost concepts, capital budgeting, and management analysis are applied in the health care environment. Issues surrounding the development and management of budgets are also examined. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Baker, J. J., & Baker, R. W. (2011). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. All electronic materials are available on the...
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...McClain@wwu.edu OFFICE HOURS: TR 10:00-11:50 and by appointment PREREQUISITES: FIN 341 REQUIRED MATERIALS: Moffett, Stonehill, Eiteman; Fundamentals of Multinational Finance, 4th ed. (Prentice Hall, 2012) ISBN: 0132138077. Access to The Wall Street Journal. COURSE OBJECTIVES/LEARNING OUTCOMES: 1. To expand a student’s knowledge beyond domestic financial management. 2. Understand the international financial environment. 3. Examine exchange rate risk management. 4. Examine foreign investment analysis. 5. Understand options for financing foreign operations. 6. To introduce students to the ethical, global, political, social, legal and regulatory, demographic diversity, environmental, and technological issues as related to an introductory study of multinational corporate finance. ASSESSMENT OF OBJECTIVES: Accomplishment of objectives/learning outcomes will be assessed on the papers, problem sets, participation, article reviews, and summaries. FINAL GRADE: BASED UPON A PERCENTAGE OF THE POINTS YOU EARN FROM THE TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE IN THIS COURSE. TOTAL POINTS POSSIBLE: ARTICLE REVIEWS (30 pts each) 120 CASE STUDIES 150 PARTICIPATION 40 PROBLEM SETS 50 FOREIGN EXCHANGE SUMMARY 40 400 PROBLEM SETS: Students may work in groups of three or four. The problems will come from questions at the end of the chapter. Randomly, people will be asked to present the problems on the due date and that presentation...
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...Addis Ababa, Ethiopia co. Chartered Certified Accountants ... -, I --.I l TABLE OF CONTENTS ...,, REPORT OF FACTUAL FINDINGS 3 1. INFORMATION ABOUT THE GRANT CONTRACT 6 ...., 2. PROCEDURES PERFORMED AND FACTUAL FINDINGS 8 -...I l ANNEX 1 FINANCIAL REPORT FOR THE GRANT CONTRACT 13 ~ I -...I ANNEX 2 TERMS OF REFERENCE EXPENDITURE VERIFICATION...16 --I -., ~ -~ t= t= c= 'II ., 't~TC& IJ~ . 'hCi :jA:,i 1 gelac.hew Xassaye cICco. Chartered CertifiedAccountants Tel. 011 - 5513711 011 - 551 1708 011 - 551 7447 011 - 551 72 76 Fax. 251-11- 551 0220 P.O. Box 1432 ADDIS ABABA ETHIOPIA Report of Factual Findings Roberto Orcaado Head of Mission COOPI- Ethiopia Addis Ababa, Ethiopia February 16,2013 Dear Roberto Orcaado, In accordance with the terms of reference dated January 08,2013 that you have agreed with us, we provided our Report of Factual Findings ("the Report"), with respect to the accompanying Financial Report for the period covering from August 04,2011 to August 31,2012 (Annex 1 of this report). You requested certain procedures to be carried out in connection with your Financial Report and the European Union financed Grant Contract concerning support to efficient utilization of alternative energy sources to improve the livelihood of Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Communities in Southern...
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...DATABASE DESIGN Research Paper You are to write a research paper about an approved topic in the field of Information Technology (IT) Management, preferably in the area of Database Systems. The topic must be of current interest to the IT professionals. The deadline for the topic approval is September 20. You must turn into me one page (single-spaced) ‘Abstract’ of your paper by that date. A partial list of journals which publish articles pertaining to the IT area is attached. These publications are some of the source for your research work. Your paper must be between 12 and 15 pages of typed, doubled-spaced text, not including your references and any appendices or attachment. Plagiarism will result in a grade of zero. Your research paper is due on November 29. It will be graded according to the criteria on the attached page Suggested Structure of Research Paper Abstract: Half-page (single spaced) summary of the paper I. Introduction: - Problem Background -Problem Importance - Purpose and contents of this paper i. Target audience of the paper ii. Overall objective iii. Within the overall objective, the specific issues or question addressed in the paper iv. A precise statement of the content of the paper v. Scope and limitation of the paper vi. Usefulness of the paper - How would the target audience...
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...Financial Statement Fraud ACCT 710: Assignment 6-2 Shannon Baxley David Welch September 24, 2011 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..3 Literature Reviews……………………………………………………………………………5 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..16 References…………………………………………………………………………………...18 Abstract This paper describes financial statement fraud (FSF) and how it may occur within companies. The reason of this study was to research FSF detection and prevention. Research was also done to determine any influences that SAS (Statement on Auditing Standards) No. 82 and SAS No. 99 had on audit programs and the analysis from external auditors. Thirteen scholarly journals were reviewed in order to analyze SAS No. 82 and No. 99 and to show ways to detect and prevent fraud. Results found that managers and/or auditors can create fraud intentionally and unintentionally. There are ways to prevent fraud and educating managers and/or auditors is a good way to make sure fraud does not occur. Introduction Financial statement fraud (FSF) involves the premeditated issuing of phony information on a financial statement (financial statement fraud, 2011). FSF occurs when a company exaggerates assets or revenue, or when it devalues liabilities and expenses (financial statement fraud, 2011). The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or AICPA defines fraudulent financial reporting as “intentional misstatements or omissions...
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...management cycle that links strategy and operations, and know what tools to apply at each stage of the cycle. Mastering the Management System by Robert S. Kaplan and David P Norton . Reprint R0801D This article is made available to you with compliments of SAP. Further posting, copying or distributing is copyright infringement. To order more copies go to www.hbr.org or call 800-988-0886. Successful strategy execution has two basic rules: understand the management cycle that links strategy and operations, and know what tools to apply at each stage of the cycle. Mastering the Management System by Robert S. Kaplan and David P Norton . COPYRIGHT © 2007 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Not long after its successful IPO, the Conner Corporation (not its real name) began to lose its way. The company’s senior executives continued their practice of holding monthly one-day management meetings, but their focus drifted. The meetings’ agenda called for a discussion of operational issues in the morning and strategic issues in the afternoon. But with the company under pressure to meet quarterly targets, operational items had started to crowd strategy out of the agenda. Inevitably, the review of actual monthly and forecast quarterly financial performance revealed revenues to be lower, and expenses to be higher, than targeted. The worried managers spent hours discussing how to close the gap through pricing initiatives, capacity downsizing, SG&A...
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...The Great Depression me Institutional Affiliation Date The Great Depression Duignan, B. (2013). The Great Depression. New York: Rosen Pub. The book highlights information concerning the great depression. The author argues that the great was a period that was characterized by severe hardship which affected every person. The time did affect not only the poor but also the rich. It was also marked with various changes in the world politics. The book stresses that the primary cause of the great depression was the 1929 market crash. The writer argues that the U.S was the most troubled nation in the world. It changed the country’s popular culture and its government institutions. It also affected other industrialized states as they suffered a decline in the wholesale prices. The book states that various moves that were made so as to deal with the issue of Great Depression. For instance, one of the moves was the devaluation the States currency. The first state to recover was Britain as it was forced off the gold standard early. The book underlines the causes of the great depression and its impacts. The source also offers information concerning the significant steps that were taken by different countries in dealing with the issue. The book provides clear information about the Great Depression. The author divides the book into various sections where he starts off by giving a short introduction to the topic. It helps a reader to have...
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...Article Review Jennifer Abruscati LAW/421 June 2, 2014 Stacey Mealey Article Review The “High Court Ruling Only Tweaks Sarbanes-Oxley Act” article refers to the Supreme Court ruling in the case Free Enterprise Fund v. PCAOB. The United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of all of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and it will remain “fully operative as law”, except for one provision that allows the Securities Exchange Committee (SEC) to remove PCAOB members on good cause only. The Supreme Court decided that this provision did not agree with the United States Constitution’s premise of separation of powers, giving authority to the president, not the SEC, to appoint or fire PCAOB members. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed through the U.S. Congress in 2002 after various corporate accounting scandals, such as Enron. Financial statements were falsified to make the corporation look more appealing to investors and for those who invested and believed Enron’s financial position to be true, lost everything. How would investors know if they are making a good investment? Investors were scared to invest in corporations because financial statements were not regulated. The SOX Act was created to protect investors from corporations that use fraudulent accounting activities by enforcing policies and regulations for reporting financial statements and holding companies accountable that used fraudulent methods. Today, the SOX Act is an integral part of all corporations financial...
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