...of employers and unions in the administration of employee representation and collective bargaining. Prior to the 1930s few laws were in place to protect workers who were unionized or seeking to join or create a unionized work force. Instead, employers had the liberty to spy on, question, punish, black list and fire union members or workers seeking to unionize. However, with the enactment of the Wagner Act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), in 1933 the tide of opposition began to turn in favor of the unionization of workers. United States labor law consists primarily of the Norris-LaGuardia, Wagner, Taft-Hartley, Landrum-Griffin Acts, and Public Law 93-360. These laws enable collective bargaining, regulate labor and management activities, and limit intervention by the federal courts in lawful union activities. Norris-LaGuardia Act In 1932, the Norris-LaGuardia Act was passed. This act had several provisions. It established the law that workers should be free to unionize without employer interference. It removed the federal courts jurisdiction to issue injunctions in nonviolent labor disputes. It also stated a contract that requires a worker to agree not to join a union, as a condition of employment was unenforceable in federal court. However, the Act only governed established employer-union relations, and it did not guarantee collective bargaining rights (Fossum 2005; Taft, 1976). Wagner Act The Wagner Act, also known as the NLRA, was introduced in...
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...Essays in Accounting Theory: Corporate Earnings Management in a Dynamic Setting and Public Disclosure in the Financial Services Industry A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Yale University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Kai Du Dissertation Director: Shyam Sunder December 2012 c 2012 by Kai Du All rights reserved. Abstract Essays in Accounting Theory: Corporate Earnings Management in a Dynamic Setting and Public Disclosure in the Financial Services Industry Kai Du 2012 This dissertation consists of three essays on the interactions between economic fundamentals and accounting information in three different settings: an infinite-horizon financial reporting problem, a coordination game with trading in the secondary market, and a bank which provides risk sharing among demand depositors. In the first essay, I propose a dynamic model of corporate earnings management in which investors have different expectations schemes. I find that while earnings management may exist when investors have rational expectations or misspecified Bayesian beliefs, it disappears in the long run of an adaptive learning process. The model also offers ample predictions on the time-series properties of asset prices and return predictabilities. The second essay studies the role of public disclosure by a distressed firm whose creditors engage in a coordination game with trading. I find that conditioned on the private information...
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...Labor & Politics (Spring 2014) | Michigan’s Right to Work | Looking at Taft-Hartley and Landrum-Griffin as legal precedent, what relevance do they have to the MI situation? How did the Governor use them, if at all? (No more than 400 words). | Edwina Howard-Agu2-27-2014 | Taft Hartley and Landrum-Griffin Acts as legal precedent was relevant to the decision made by Governor Rick Snyder and his legislative body that supported his platform to make Right to Work a reality in Michigan in December 2012. The Legislature passed the bills and Governor Snyder signed them, he was within his legal authority to make such a decision based on the Taft Hartley and Landrum-Griffin Acts. The Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) also known as the Landrum-Griffin Act deals with the relationship between a union and its members. The LMRDA grants certain rights to union members and protects their interests by promoting democratic procedures within labor organizations. The Act establishes a Bill of Rights for union members; reporting requirements for labor organizations, union officers and employees, employers, labor-relations consultants, and surety companies; standards for the regular election of union officers; and safeguards for protecting labor organization funds and assets (www.nlrb.gov/who-we-are/our-history/1959-landrum-griffin-act). In the United States today there are 24 states that have passed Right to Work legislation. A Right to Work Law secures the...
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...CPA Program The Practical Experience Guide EVE CHENG CPA SENIOR ANALYST BHP BILLITON Contents Practical experience requirement How to identify if your role is relevant Where do you fit? What skills areas do you need to demonstrate? Your mentoring relationship How to record your experience in the logbook The skills guide Personal effectiveness skills Leadership skills Business skills Technical skills 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 MICHELLE ROACH CPA 2 Practical experience requirement Did you know? Our studies show that members consistently perform better in their segments when they are enrolled in the practical experience requirement The practical experience requirement of the CPA Program gives you the opportunity to use the knowledge and skills gained in your education and apply them in your workplace. Combining your education with mentored practical experience will give you the opportunity to develop and demonstrate highly sought after technical and soft-skills that will benefit your entire career. Starting your practical experience requirement means that you are one step closer to your goal of becoming a CPA. CPA Australia recommends that you start the practical experience requirement and the professional level segments at the same time, if you are employed in a relevant role. What are the requirements? • complete a minimum of three years of relevant full-time or equivalent part-time work experience • demonstrate competence in 16 personal effectiveness...
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...Class of: 2013 Course Title: Financial Risk Management (FRM) Semester: III Credits: 3 Course Objective & Learning Outcome: This course gives students a working knowledge of derivative instruments and their applications in managing various types of financial risks. While doing so, students would understand the organizational aspects of those risk functions and their roles & responsibilities. The emphasis is on mechanics, properties and valuation of forwards, futures, options and swap instruments. In covering these instruments, cases, examples and notes would be sought from markets so as to provide a holistic view of the financial market structure i.e., currency, fixed income, equity and money markets. Cases discussed in the class would be contemporary in nature drawn from international experience. Pre-requisites: Students are advised to be through with Financial Management I, Financial Management II and Quantitative Methods. Students are expected to go through all the reading prescribed before every class and make a meaningful contribution through active class participation. The course is delivered through a combination of case discussions, problem solving, real life risk reports and simulation. The course would have an analytical and numerical flavor and hence students are required to bring their calculators/laptops to every class. Text Book: 1. Hull, John C. & Basu, S., Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives, 7th Edison, Prentice-Hall...
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...The role of writing in financial field Abstract As far as we are known, writing plays an important role in our daily life and is essential to all people from all walks of lives. Writing can prompt the fast development of the individual progress as well as their professional capacity as well. I am willing to come true this aim in the way of writing, so I do my best to interview a person, her name is Doris. We have the opportunity to pick up some techniques and significant skills in the way of giving question-- how to write in an appropriate way in some degree. Now, Doris is working in financial field. There is no doubt that we can learn some key points of how to write something in this field from her useful and important experiences. This assignment which is an informational report aims to give a brief introduction about the different genres of writings, then provide some useful instructions to her expected audience, what’s more, making those audience known that writing can convey unexpected reflection of our daily life in reality. The importance of writing in financial I have acquire that writing could promote her to achieve a lot of things during the process of her career such as data analysis, strategy decision making, and more about the international business. Moreover, Doris has spent 3 more years working in this field. And everyday, she takes one and a half to write. Meanwhile, she will try her best to finish her tasks, no matter how difficult the tasks are, she...
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...analytical and educational background Management experience Diverse work and life experience Experience 02/2010 – present Raiffeisen Bank International AG, Austria Credit management corporate, Director Counterparty credit risk and underwriting management in European emerging markets with special focus on Russia and Ukraine. 12/2008 – 01/2010 Structuring complex corporate credit transactions such as LBOs and investment loans. Developing an advanced internal tool for calculating Risk weighted assets under both standardised and IRB approaches. Developing and implementing industry concept in credit risk management. Reporting large and complex transactions to the bank’s Credit committee and Management board. Exercising my own approval competences for approval of credit transactions. Mentoring junior professionals and trainees in the department. Raiffeisenbank AD, Bulgaria Corporate credit risk, Head of department Managed a credit risk department of 10 risk professionals responsible for the largest corporate credit risk exposures. Was a voting member of the bank’s credit committee with own approval authorities. Steering the credit committee meetings. Participated in risk related projects originated in head office improvement, Data Quality management, Regular risk reporting). Met National Supervisory in terms of IRB application status of the bank. (Rating model 06/2008 – 11/2008 EFG Eurobank AD, Bulgaria Credit risk management, Head of department Managed...
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...Behavioural Finance Financial Risk Management Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Risk Management Paper ........................................................................................................ 2 1.1 Introduction and interpretation .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Implementation ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.2.1 Aspects to consider ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Implementation Process ............................................................................................................... 8 2 Appendix I – References ....................................................................................................... 10 Date: 24 of May 2012 th i Risk Management Paper 1 1.1 Risk Management Paper Introduction and interpretation If at the beginning of 2011, a highly respected person advised me that I was going to live through three major earthquakes within a year I would have struggled to believe them and justify arguing with the historical and scientific data, which clearly states the converse...
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...CPA Program The practical experience guide and logbook If you require further information about the practical experience requirement, or would like to notify us of a change, please contact CPA Australia: practicalexperience@cpaaustralia.com.au or contact your local office – details can be found on the inside back page of this guide. Disclaimer The material used in this booklet has been designed and prepared for CPA Australia’s practical experience requirement. It provides tailored guidance for mentors who are registered in CPA Australia’s practical experience requirement. The booklet and contents should not be used for any other purpose. CPA Australia, the publisher and the author of this booklet take no responsibility for any loss incurred by any person who relies on guidance offered in this booklet. Legal notice Copyright CPA Australia Ltd (ABN 64 008 392 452) (“CPA Australia”), 2010. All rights reserved. Save and except for third party content, all content in these materials is owned by or licensed to CPA Australia. All trade marks, service marks and trade names are proprietory to CPA Australia. For permission to reproduce any material, a request in writing is to be made to the Legal Business Unit, CPA Australia Ltd, 385 Bourke Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000. CPA Australia has used reasonable care and skill in compiling the content of this material. However, CPA Australia and the editors make no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information in these...
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...Study: Coca-Cola HBC Treasury Takes Control of Commodity Risk Management Dimitris Papathanasiou, Coca-Cola HBC - 11 Sep 2013 Coca-ColaHellenic Bottling Company standardised its approach to risk management by transferring commodity risk management into treasury, so this central and vital business process could be managed by experts on an integrated basis with other financial risks and overseen by the financial risk management committee. This case study explains how organisational changes, combined with the introduction of risk management technology, enabled the organisation to plan and execute a consistent, cost-effective hedging strategy, with reduced counterparty risk exposure levels, improved transparency and stronger levels of control. Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (Coca-Cola HBC) is the world’s second largest bottler of the Coca-Cola Company’s products and the largest in Europe. Net sales revenue for fiscal 2012 was €6.8bn. Coca-Cola HBC is headquartered in Zug, Switzerland, and has a premium listing on the London Stock Exchange and a secondary listing on the Athens Exchange. It serves approximately 581m people in 28 countries. The company decided to concentrate its commodity market risk management within the treasury department, in response to high levels of profit and loss (P/L) volatility and the relatively high credit risk with its suppliers. The ensuing project involved change management for transfer of the company’s commodity risk hedging to treasury...
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...A risky business Dodie: We are all here now. As you know that Zelal Sulen is our new boss now. After she took up the official post, she found that Hi-Style is out of touch with its target consumers and is losing direction. As the member of manager consultants, for this point, today we need to think out at least two options to advise her to improve the situation. Am I understood? And think a while... Okay, let's make a start. Who want to speak first? Lily: Well, in my opinion, Hi-Style could allocate £10m to new investment in the business. For example, it could improve distribution and sales through an exclusive agreement with a major retailer, which could provide a steady marketing channel. Second, to launch new product ranges with major advertising campaigns. Thus, new products will be known to customers. Hi-Style could definitely reach wide publicity. Thirdly, to employ brand development consultants so as to improve its image. Brand development consultants are more professional so that better brand image will be built, leading to its properous future. Fourthly, to hire a top retailing executive to run the business. Therefore, the business will be more smooth and sales will be increased. The last one is to commission City Associates to do a thorough review of all Hi-Style's activities, from which Hi-Style could catch a better understanding of the whole business to control its operation. Dodie: Good.Thanks. Lily. And what's your opinion, Serena? Serena: Well, I prefer the...
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...PRINCIPLES FOR PERIODIC DISCLOSURE BY LISTED ENTITIES Final Report TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF SECURITIES COMMISSIONS FEBRUARY 2010 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction Uses of Annual Reports Scope Presentation Glossary of Defined Terms Principles for Periodic Disclosure by Listed Entities A. Periodic reports should contain relevant information B. For those periodic reports in which financial statements are included, and should state that the financial information provided in the report is fairly presented. C. The issuer’s internal control over financial reporting should be assessed or reviewed. D. Information should be available to the public on a timely basis E. Periodic reports should be filed with the relevant regulator. F. The information should be stored to facilitate public access to the information. G. Disclosure criteria. H. Equal access to disclosure. I. Equivalence of disclosure. Page 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 20 2 3 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Appendix 1 – Feedback Statement on the Public Comments on the 28 Consultation Report – Principles for Periodic Disclosure by Listed Entities Appendix 2 – Comment Letters on Consultation Report – Principles 36 for Periodic Disclosure by Listed Entities. 2 Chapter 1. Introduction In the increasingly globalized securities markets, widely accepted international disclosure standards play an important role in facilitating cross-border capital raising. International agreement on disclosure standards enables...
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... 1 1. Introduction 2 2. Motivating factors for companies to publish sustainability reports 2 3. Key features of effective sustainability reports 3 3.1 General standard disclosures 3 3.2 Specific standard disclosures 3 3.3 Sector specific disclosures 4 4. The evaluation of Westpac’s sustainability report 4 4.1 General standard disclosures 4 4.2 Specific standard disclosures 5 4.3 Sector specific disclosures 5 5. Conclusion 5 6. Reference 6 Executive Summary This article is going to explain the reason for companies to present their sustainability behaviors and highlight the key feature of an effective sustainability report. Sustainability reports refer to disclose companies’ social and environmental performance. It is essential for the financial service industry to convey their sustainability profile and integrate this to their financial report. This article also makes an evaluation about Westpac’s sustainability report. Westpac’s sustainable reporting has used the table and bar chart to illustrate their sustainability performance accurate and transparent. Therefore, this report has...
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...Ownership and Disclosure A Review of Literature By BADRU Bazeet and Mousa Sharaf Adin Hezam Abstract This is a review of various literatures on ownership and disclosure which has been carried out by various researchers in different countries. So far majorities of the researchers shows that the extent of corporate disclosure is negatively associated with a higher management of ownership structure and the extent of corporate voluntary disclosures is positively related with a higher institutional ownership structure. But findings also show that the negative relationship is weaker if the firm has a higher proportion of independent non- executive directors. Introduction Ownership Structure is a mechanism that aligns the interest of Shareholders and Managers. Corporate governace is the capstone of the activities that can reduce agency costs. Corporate mangers disclosure policies are influenced by firm’s ownership and governance on the level of various types of information disclosure. This is a summary of literature review on ownership structure and corporate disclosure. Studies have shown that ownership structure can be state, legal, managerial and block holder depending on the countries and cultural environment. Blockholder ownership is the percentage of shares held by substancial shareholders( that is shareholdings of 5% or more). Jensen and Meckling (1976) argue that substancial shareholders are expected to have both greater power and incentives to monitor management, as their...
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...Going Concern Group 4 ACCT 632, Advanced Financial Acct Theory Liberty University Aug 7, 2013 GOING CONCERN Summary of Going Concern current exposure draft Comparison and Contrast of current Going Concern theory and standards 1 Guidance provided by AU Section 341 2 Guidance provided by 17 U.S.C. §229.303 3 Proposed guidance of exposure draft Comparison and Contrast of U. S. GAAP and IFRS with respect to Going Concern 1 Current Going Concern variations between U. S. GAAP and IFRS 2 Variations between proposed changes to Going Concern issues The Benefits and Costs of a Going Concern Amendment 1 Providing preparer guidance 2 Making management responsible 3 Addressing investor concerns Provisions in light of the FASB’s Conceptual Framework 1 Understandability 2 Decision usefulness 3 Relevance 4 Comparability Response to Going Concern Exposure Draft 1 Proposed changes or corrections to the current exposure draft References Going Concern People go into business for many reasons, but no one goes into business with the expectation that they are not going to be successful. For that reason, acquisition is made for those assets that are needed to run the company with the understanding that there will be no need to arrange for early liquidation. Because there is no prediction to inform someone that their business may or may not make it, managers must rely...
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