...2013 ENG115- ENGLISH COMPOSITION Professor Tammy Finch May 22, 2013 ENG115- ENGLISH COMPOSITION Professor Tammy Finch What is cancer? Cancer is basically the roof that houses many diseases. It is a general name for all the different types of diseases that fall under the category of the true definition of cancer. Cancer: a malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally by invasion and systemically by metastasis or an abnormal bodily state marked by such tumors. Statistically, half of all male population and one third of women will develop cancer in their lifetime. New drugs for Cancer are being researched and tested constantly. There are thousands of new drugs being developed to treat and cure the disease known as cancer that affects so many of us daily. Not only for those who have Cancer but for the loved ones around them as well. The support for research is crucial. Many have realized that research is vital for the discovery of new treatments and the benefits for the different ranges of cancer. As stated in Project Management for Healthcare by David Shirley, Rogaine started out in the lab as a possible medication for the heart. After research it turned out to be better for hair loss and to this day is known for its benefits and results in hair growth. Most of the human race relies on prescription medications to cure ailments and according to the FDA, it is “approximately 2 billion prescriptions are filled each year in the United States, but few know...
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...Cancer Treatments Theresa Nelson COM 156 04/13/2014 Dr. Patricia Lally Cancer Treatments In the past, just saying the word "cancer" usually meant a death sentence. That assumption could not be more wrong with the medical technology of today. New cancer treatment options coupled with early detection have strongly diminished the number of deaths from a cancer diagnosis. New evidence shows that treating not just the body but the mind and the soul can go a long way in the amount of time a person can live with cancer. In 2013, Lung cancer and breast cancer were the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States(Encyclopedia Brittanica, 2014). Lung cancer symptoms do not show themselves until the disease hits a more advanced stage of diagnosis and it is very hard to catch it unless you are looking for it. In most situations, Lung cancer is found when another routine examination is going on, this is what makes finding it early very difficult and why the scientific treatments tend to be more effective with it. Breast cancer on the other hand can be detected early with the proper screenings each year. It is the one cancer that with early intervention can have the most successful remission and the least amount of deaths. Breast cancer patients can also tend to lean more on the homeopathic and holistic form of treatment versus just the scientific because of how it can make the patient feel and their overall quality of life can be better. There...
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...develops them into most of the cells in the human body. Scientists say stem cells may be used to replace or repair damaged cells, and have the potential to drastically change the treatment of conditions like cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and even paralysis. If stem cell research is able to cure so many terrible illnesses that afflict a numerous amount of the different populations on earth, then I am one hundred percent for it. I support stem cell research for multiple reasons, which are the saving of lives, cures for diseases, and the ability of the cells to test the effectiveness of different medications. There are many people that are still alive today due to the use of stem cells. Townsend speaks about a woman who suffered from multiple Myeloma, and that the cancer attacked her bones so severely that they “looked like someone used them for target practice,” (Townsend). The chemotherapy destroyed her cancerous immune system making her extremely weak. Doctors at Syracuse Upstate Medical Hospital resorted into giving the woman cells obtained from her own blood. The cells traveled through her bloodstream into her bone marrow, establishing a new, cancer-free immune system. The stem cells are the reason why she is alive to this day. Stem cells have the capability to cure and treat various diseases because they have the ability to form into any kind of tissue. According to Tavangaran, “stem cells have the potential of treating and curing dozens, if not hundreds of diseases...
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...important part for a business and researcher when conducting a research, but sometimes ethics are violated. Some of the ways a business or a researcher may violate the ethical standards are by violating an individual’s confidentiality, and changing data, or creating false data. Unethical research behavior does not only affects the business but can also have an effect the individual(s) participating in the research. Pfizer and Parke-Davis who are a pharmaceutical companies and Dr. Potti who studies cancer and works at Duke University are an example of how organizations can be part of an unethical behavior. Because of their unethical behavior not only their organization suffers but also the participants may be affected by it. The purpose of the pharmaceutical companies is to develop safe drugs and use them to treat ongoing diseases and new ones. With the use of these drugs many people will be able to treat their disease to have a healthier lifestyle. With the demand of new drugs to cure or treat new...
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...Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide as it can develop in almost any organ or tissue. Significant advances in understanding the cellular basis of cancer and the underlying biological mechanisms of tumour has been vastly improved in the recent years (Jiang et al. 1994). Cancer is a genetic disease which requires a series of mutation during mitosis to develop, its characteristics can be associated with their ability to grow and divide abnormal cells uncontrollable while in the mean time invade and cause nearby blood vessels to serve its need. Even though many people are affected by cancer today, the abilities which cancer cells have make it hard to find a single effective treatment for cancer. The focus of research now lies in developing drugs which target cancer cells in the hope to cure cancer once and for all. There have been extraordinary progresses in identifying cancer at the cellular level and the question of how cancer cells develop are no longer a secret. Although there is many different types of cancer and almost every tissue can turn into malignancies, the basic processes of how cancer arises are very similar. While normal body cells follow the orderly path of cell cycle and only reproduce when instructed to do so, cancer cells violate the schedule and ignore instructions, it fails to follow the orderly enzymatic reaction which is responsible for the deletion of cells with damaged DNA (Kerr et al. 1994). Cancer cells enter the cell cycle repeatedly...
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...Definition of Cancer The Webster’s Dictionary defines cancer as an : uncontrolled, growing mass of cells that is capable of invading neighboring tissues and spreading via body fluids, especially the blood stream, to other parts of the body, also called a malignant tumor. Cancers Effect on Our Bodies Cancer is a disease that is caused by uncontrolled cell division leading to abnormal tissue growth. It is believed that cancer can arise from both genetic (e.g. DNA mutation and hereditarianism like breast or ovarian cancer) and environmental factors (e.g. working with and breathing in chemicals, benzene, asbestos, and not limiting one’s exposure to the sun, or eating a healthy diet, etc.), which can lead to abnormal growth of our bodies different cells. Cell multiplication otherwise known as proliferation, is a normal physical process that occurs in our bodies. These cells can be in charge of our immune systems response, replacing cells that have died or have been shed as a part of their lifecycle (e.g. such as our skin or mucous membranes in our digestive tract) and are responsible for allowing us to grow and age properly. Normally, the balance between proliferation and cell death otherwise known as apoptosis is a tightly regulated system that has been put in place to ensure the integrity of our body’s organs and tissues. The uncontrolled and often rapid proliferation of cells can lead to two different types of cancer, which are known as benign and malignant tumors. Benign...
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...Needs to Know | English Composition 115 | Professor Charlotte Walker | | Jamie Mahan | 11/21/2013 | “The economic impact of cancer care has increasingly been the target of scrutiny because of the large price tag attached to many of the agents that have become available during the past few years, especially the biologics.” (Nelson, Roxanne, 2008). If the cost of cancer care keeps rising, the doctors are going to have to include costs when it comes to the decision-making process. The doctors are going to have to think about the actual benefits associated with the expensive treatment. The development of new cancer drugs can be an expensive and lengthy process for cancer patients. Cancer Costs More Than Doubled Since ‘90 Cancer research has cost the US government $100 billion since 1971, and the price of care, accounting for inflation, has more than doubled to $90 billion since 1990. “The price of the drugs, and the care tied to their use, can be lowered by shifting to a system which the costs of drugs, tests, and other care are combined in a single-provider payment,” researchers said. Patients concerns about out-of-pocket payments made patients decide how to treat their cancer. Patients that have health insurance have used most or all of their savings to treat their cancer. “We’ve made progress in cancer research, but people are still dying at too high a rate,” (Gibson, 2010). ...
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...Name: Arsalan Anwar Business level 3 Unit 1: P1 Introduction: In this assignment I will be selecting two contrasting business which are going to be Tesco and Oxfam. I will be writing a written report describing their purposes and ownership, to do this I’ll talk about what goods and services they offer and to whom they offer these to. Finally I’ll talk about where they operate and which industrial sector of the economy they operate in. Introduction of Tesco Tesco is a massive company with high revenues, it is also a public limited company (PLC) that means it has limited liability, the meaning of limited liability is that the investor cannot lose more than the amount he has invested within the company intern this means that the investor is not personally responsible for the debts of the company so linking this to Tesco it will mean that if Tesco goes into debt the investors are not responsible to pay it off. The main aim of Tesco is to make profit and the reason it will make profit is because it is a well know and established company which has been trading for many years. It has over 2000 stores around the world and it is employing nearly up to 300,000 people which proves that it is a global organisation. Sector of the economy Tesco operate Tesco operates in the tertiary sector which is also know as the service sector and is one of the three main economy sectors, the tertiary...
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...A CURE FOR AIDS Abstract This paper contains information from six different articles relating to finding a cure for AIDS. These articles are very similar in results for finding an actual cure for AIDS, but up until this point there is no actual cure for AIDS. However, the information that I have conducted has indicated an antiretroviral treatment that can suppress HIV – the virus that causes AIDS – and the antiretroviral treatment can delay illness for many years. After reading many articles I found that there is many scams out their that are trying to sell a cure for AIDS, so if you have aids don’t fall for these misleading they don’t work. Many people that are infected with this deadly virus don’t even know that they are infected. Many people don’t even develop symptoms after they first get infected with HIV. Others on the other hand tend to get very sick. The person will have flu – like illness within several days even to weeks after they have been exposed to the virus. The infected person will start to complain that they have a fever, headache, tiredness, and enlarged lymph nodes on their neck. These symptoms tend to go away by themselves after a few weeks. . This asymptomatic phase often lasts for years. The progression of this disease can vary among each individual, and this state can last for a few months to more than ten years. A CURE FOR AIDS There is no cure for AIDS or the HIV infection as of today. Although antiretroviral treatment can help suppress HIV;...
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...The Legal Environment Brian Swerine Abstract In researching stem cell legislation I found a wide variety of views both for and against. Legislation and Stem Cell Research has been a long running battle between Religious groups and Scientific Researchers placing the Government in the middle. Religious Groups and Anti-abortion groups claim that it is unethical to use embryonic stem cells. They firmly believe that once the egg has been fertilized, that is when life begins. They are afraid that it would make abortion more acceptable. Scientists in the private sector however disagree and perform the research out of the purview of the Government in privately funded research labs. They have been doing stem cell research in order to find cures for cancer, diabetes, wound healing, digestive and kidney disease to name a few. Stem Cell Research Legislation Introduction Currently in the United States, the history of embryonic stem cell research has been bitterly debated since shortly after the Supreme Court’s decision regarding abortion under Roe v. Wade back in 1973 where abortion was legalized. Since then the various administrations have banned the use of tax dollars for research on embryos, fetuses, and embryonic or fetal tissue, while permitting research in the private sector. This restriction has made most research regarding infertility and treatment, including In vitro fertilization, into the private sector or overseas in the United Kingdom, China and Israel just to name a few...
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...Alternative Methods for Cancer Treatment Kevin Moore COM/172 April 16, 2012 Darrell Haley Alternative Methods for Cancer Treatment If someone you know is being treated for cancer, you may want to learn more about what they are going through. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are the main types of cancer treatment. However there are alternative methods for cancer treatment. Surgery is often the first treatment option if the tumor can be taken out of the body. Sometimes only part of the tumor can be removed. Radiation, chemotherapy, or both might be used to shrink the tumor before or after surgery. Doctors use chemotherapy to kill cancer cells. The term chemotherapy (often shortened to "chemo") refers to the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Usually, the drugs are given intravenously (into a vein, IV) or taken by mouth. Chemo drugs then travel through the body in the bloodstream, reaching cancer cells that may have spread (metastasized) from the tumor to other places in the body. Radiation therapy uses high energy rays (such as x-rays) to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors. The radiation may come from outside the body (external radiation) or from radioactive materials put right into the tumor (internal or implant radiation). Getting external radiation is much like getting an x-ray. The radiation itself is painless, but tissue damage may cause side effects. Other, newer kinds of treatment you might hear about...
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...Developing New Drugs for Cancer Patients Marion Ingram Strayer University ENG115 November 11, 2012 Dr.Jeffrey Kersh Developing New Drugs for Cancer Patients In this informative white paper, “Developing New Drugs for Cancer Patients,” I will be describing the four (4) major issues: economic situations, special needs (e.g. , health) of the population being served, process, and the benefits of the program. The main point of this paper is to inform the public that we are taking every precautionary step in working with FDA (Food and Drug Administration) to create a new drug that is affordable. There are many foundations and researchers that are raising funds in the aide of creating a new drug for cancer patients. The Susan G. Komen Foundation is one of the most popular organizations to take a step in raising funds to the cure and prevention of this disease. Developing New Drugs for Cancer Patients The first major issue I want to describe is the economic issue. Cancer has become one of the most deadly diseases of all time, yet researchers suggests that there are very good chances of improving survival. Billions of dollars are spent to develop a new drug. For more than 65 years, the American Cancer Society has been finding answers that save lives- from changes in lifestyle to new approaches in therapies to improving cancer patients’ quality-of-life. (American Cancer Society) According to Boyle P, Levin B., the International Agency for Research...
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...This puts both doctors and cancer victims alike in a tough situation. Cancer cells are becoming more and more resistant to our primary treatment. Our efforts to kill cancer cells are only killing off the weakest cells. Tumor masses typically consist of mixed proportions of malignant cells, some of which are drug-sensitive while others are drug-resistant. Treatment kills only the drug-sensitive cells, but leaves behind a higher percentage of drug-resistant cells. As the tumor begins to grow again, chemotherapy may completely fail because the remaining cells are resistant to the drug (Nature America). After selection for resistance to a specific drug, cells might also show cross-resistance to other mechanistically unrelated drugs, a phenomenon...
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...blasts or leukemia cells. Some of the symptoms of leukemia are bleeding and bruising, feeling tired, fever, and having an increased risk of infections. Diagnosing leukemia includes having a bone marrow biopsy or having multiple blood tests. There has not been an exact cause of why a person might have leukemia. There are multiple types of leukemia that have different causes inherited and also non-inherited. Some of the risk factors of leukemia are smoking, radiation, certain chemicals, prior chemotherapy, and having Down syndrome. Also when people have a family history of leukemia they may be at a higher risk. There are four main types of leukemia. The first type is acute lymphoblastic leukemia, second is acute myeloid leukemia, next is chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and last includes chronic myeloid leukemia. All of these will be discussed a little later. When looking for treatment for leukemia some of the options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and bone marrow transplant. The success rate of the five year survival rate for adults is around 55%. For kids under 15 the survival rate is around 75% with the cancer unlikely to return when they become older in age. The first type of leukemia is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This type of leukemia is found mainly in younger children and can also be found in adults, specifically over the age of 65. The main treatment consists of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The success rate for children is roughly 85%, while the...
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...just a faith a deity. These two both see life differently, the Christians think life should be cherished no matter how small or suffering. While science believes there can be something extracted from one’s small life, scientists have found, that the earliest cells of an embryo can be developed into any sort of cell. The study of this is known as stem cell research. The inner cell mass of blastocyst is extracted from the woman’s ovaries and differentiated into embryo bodies and from there they differentiate into either neuronal or pancreatic cells (bethesda). From here, it is difficult to produce enough stem cell lines or to produce the correct cell type (National Cancer Institute). This finding can save or increase many humans quality of life. But is it ethically correct? Is it morally correct? Could these findings interfere with the “circle of life”? Could this interfere with the genetic code of humans and astronomically change the world forever? Are we interfering with God’s will or the circle of life? The history of stem cell research is brief. In 1962, a new frog was produced by taking an adults frog’s intestinal cell and transporting it into an egg. In 1981, mouse embryos produced a mouse from embryonic stem cells. In 1996, mammalian adult cells were reprogrammed to clone Dolly the Sheep. In 1998, human blastocysts are isolated by embryonic stem cells. In 2006, mouse cells become pluripotent by use of transcription factors. In 2007, an embryonic-like state was made by...
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