...Flexibility in Marketing Key words: Flexibility in Marketing, Marketing strategy, Adaptability, Flexibility Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand issues related to flexibility in marketing with broader context of its significance and advantages in the marketing domain. There exists a significant line of difference between adaptability, innovation and flexibility. The ever increasing competition along with unforeseen advance in the communication and information technology has empowered the customers. As a result, with improved mediums of communication and dynamic access to data and information, consumers have become more knowledgeable and can relate more to the dynamic market environment. With rapid application of information technology and modeling in decision making, marketing strategy needs to respond to the changes in environment, competition, technology, social norms and buyer behavior dynamically. With organization becoming flatter, decentralization of marketing processes has become a necessity. This paper explores the approaches, guidelines and the criticality of building in flexibility in marketing strategy. It also looks at the advantages of the same. Authors: Chaudhry H. and Chauhan A. References Ahmed, P.K. (1998), “Culture and climate for innovation”, European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 30-43. Barney, J.B. (1991), “Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage”, Journal of Management, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp...
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...producing goods and services. They go into photography stores and use machines to crop, enlarge, correct, or enhance their photographs; check themselves in and out of hotels; and even routinely scan and bag their own groceries at supermarkets. Customer participation per se is not new. Supermarkets, which are models of customer co-production with customers selecting, carting, and transporting groceries, date to the 1930s. What is new is the recognition that encouraging customers to be "co-producers" in this sense is the next frontier in competitive effectiveness. We are seeing the emergence of the "customizing consumer" (Moyers 1989)—consumers who examine market offerings and create a customized consumption experience for themselves (Firat, Dholakia, and Venkatesh 1995). On the basis of this trend. Lovelock and...
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...basic principals. Despite a lack of consensus, most authorities agree that postmodernism represents some kind of reaction to, or departure from, modernism and modernity (Brown 1993). The consumer of the modern society is distinguished by being self-reflexive and rational while the characteristics of the irrational postmodern consumer are hyperreality, fragmentation, reversals of production and consumption, decentring of the subject, paradoxical juxtapositions, and loss of commitment (Firat et al, 1995). The ability and willingness to represent different self-images in fragmented moments liberates the consumer from conformity to a single image, to seeking continuity and consistency among roles played throughout life. This self-referential identity of the postmodern consumer, and the general hostility towards generalization together with the rejection of the idea that human social experience has fundamental “real” bases are possibly the main defining differences between modernism and postmodernism (Firat et al, 1995). Despite the seemingly transformation in consumer behaviour modern marketing theory (e.g. Kotler, Porter, Ansoff etc.) of costumer segmentation and categorizing customers is still widely accepted and used by companies in the western society. In the following I will through an analysis of the phenomena, tattoos, try to identify some of the characteristics of the postmodern consumer in order to establish an underlying basis of whether the change in consumer behaviour...
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...Although marketing is believed to be as old as commerce we cannot declare that ancient Greeks for example, knew the connection between production, markets and competition. It is however sure that during the middle ages the first steps of creating the idea of marketing were made by the edition of „the first formal analysis of buyers motivation”(Egan 2008: pg 5) by Thomas Aquinas (1225-74). This essay is about the histories of marketing, the changes that have occured and the changes in the future concerning marketing discipline. Concerning the conception of what we call modern marketing we need to observe the end of 19th centuries North America where thanks to several factors including both the first and second Industrial Revolutions the basics of consumer market has changed from sellers to buyers. At the beginning of the 20th century a new concern helped the extension of marketing theories: literature. Bartel (1976) belives that „The emergence of marketing research was itself the result of growing pressure to produce and apply accurate knowledge to the field and to bring the methods of science to the field of marketing”(Egan, 2008: pg 7). During the period of conceptualization (Bartel, 1976), which durated from 1910 to 1920, the word ’marketing’ gained new meanings. It wasn’t necessarily referred to commerce anymore, then Ralph Starr Butler (1882-1971), a pioneer in marketing, taught that ’’marketing was all about coordination, planning and the management of complex relationships”(Butler...
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...My students are in 3rd grade at Eisenhower elementary in Louisville, Kentucky. The students come from a surburban background and have been placed in the talent pool classroom for the 3rd grade. One of my students is a firat generation American whose parents immigrated from Jordan and is a practicing Muslim. Five of my students are minorities, two of my students are twins with a brother in another 3rd grade class, one has an IEP, and couple of them have ADHD. My student with the IEP has an IEP for being on task and following directions immediatly when given. For this student, I have moved him close to my desk and the front of the class to have that proximity as well as I am working on building a positive relationship with him to help curb the...
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...ABC and 123 Six years old and terrified, my palms were sweating and my anxious eyes shifted from the clock to the doorknob as I sat in the principal’s office awaiting for Mr. Jeffery to come inside and deal me my punishment. I was enrolled at a very strict Catholic school that believed in reprimanding students with a paddle. I was sent to the principle’s office because I had not eaten all of my peas during lunch, and the rule was everything must be gone from your plate before you can go outside. It had been an unlucky day, in my mind the lunch lady must have known I despised peas. Therefore I watched as she put an extra helping onto my plate. Feeling rebellious, I threw my lunch away and headed outside, but someone must have seen my act of disobedience and ratted me out. I was not outside for more than three minutes when I was called back inside and sent to the office. I immediately started crying because I knew my fate. The three foot long wooden paddle would be kissing my bottom in a matter of minutes. Was physical punishment really necessary? Through his novel David Copperfield, Charles Dickens presents different types of education and the effects it has on young David . He experiences many styles of learning and the atmospheres that go along with it. He is exposed to the kind and patient teaching of his mother, the harshness of the Murdstones and the strict demeanor of the boarding school. All of which good and bad, help prepare Copperfield for his future. Education...
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...AAAAH! You look at the Tv which shows the news man. He begins to talk and you hear everyone outside screaming. Your frightened as you hear what the news man has to say. “Hurricane Katrina is here!” If your confused let me explain. Hurricane Katrina is a natural disaster that affects a lot of people. One of the most devastating attacks was in 2005. Though what I here to talk about is Hurricane KAtrina related to global warming. To firat answer this question we need to understand what global warming is. When certain gases are released they travel into our ozone. This causes heat to become trapped creating hotter weathers. It doesn’t stop there though. Global warming doesn’t just cause hotter weather, but causes extreme weather changes. An example...
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...What is a non-linear datastructure? A non-linear datastrucutre is a datastructure in which the data items in the memory are not allocated contiguously i.e. the data items are dispersed in the memory. The first data item will have a link to the second data item and second data item will have a link to the third data item and so on. Pros • Uses memory efficiently that the free contiguous memory in not an requirement for allocating data items • The length of the data items is not necessary to be known prior to allocation Cons • Overhead of the link to the next data item Linked list: linked list a data structure which stores data in the form of nodes.It does not require linear memory as arrays. Each node contains a data part and a pointer part(a pointer to the next data in the list) link or node is object of a class.there are so many types of linked list 1) single linked list 2)doubly linked list 3)circular linked list. single linked list: here links contains pointer to first data and last data in the list.As said earlier a pointer to the next data. example of a linked list: class node{// all nodes will be the objects of this class public int data; public link next_node;//a pointer to next data } public node(int data){ this.data=data; }//end of constructor public void showdata(){ System.out.println("data= "+data); } }//end of class node After defining class for each node we need to define a class for link list. Link list contains a pointer to...
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...Turgay KAYGUN Adres:F.Çakmak Mah. 14/1A sokak No:2 D:7 Bağcılar İstanbul Email:kaygunturgay@gmail.com Kişisel Bilgiler • Doğum yeri : İstanbul • Doğum tarihi : 30.09.1980 • Askerlik : Yapıldı 2010 • Yabancı Dil :İngilizce (iyi) Eğitim • İstanbul Üniversitesi 2014 Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri - Msc • Anadolu Üniversitesi 2004 - 2008 İşletme • Fırat Üniversitesi (Elazığ) 2001 - 2003 Bilgisayar Programcılığı • Ataköy Lisesi 1997 İş Tecrübeleri • Ziraat Bankası - IT Service Management Nisan 2013 Servis Yetkilisi BT Kontrat Hizmet Yönetimi • Ziraat Bankası (Fintek A.Ş.) Mayıs 2012 - Mart 2013 Uzman BT Yatırım Yönetimi Departmanı • Servus Bilgisayar Eylül 2011 - Nisan 2012 Proje Yöneticisi TAV, Turkcel şirketleriyle olan storage ve sunucu sistemlerinin bakım anlaşmaları dahilinde Proje yöneticiliği. Superonline IP Centrex Projesinde proje yöneticiliği • Pernod Ricard Eylül 2010 – Ağustos 2011 BT Uzmanı Fransız kaynaklı firmanın Mail, Domain, File Server ve Network altyapısını kurmak, ayakta tutmak, İstanbul dışındaki lokasyonlarla MPLS ile sağlıklı şekilde iletişimini sağlamak. • Activegroup 2003 -2009 BT Uzmanı Çeşitli projelerde Microsoft Back Office ürünlerinin altyapısının kurulumu, yönetimi, güvenliği ve geliştirilmesi süreçleri yönetildi aynı zamanda projelerde web...
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...We would like to acknowledge the presence of our president, our executive pres, our guest speaker, board of trustees, administrators, parents and guest, thank you so much for being part of this wonderful day that marks our transition, from academic life to higher spectrum of society, the professional world, I cant help myself from smiling to the idea that us, your siblings, or your, children are in the work, could your parents could still remember the first time, they saw them in the nursery? Cute right? Well several years ago, some of us were crying, afraid to go to school for the first time, things have change, we have come to this point where, we have to lay decisions for ourselves, and that is when we go to college, ..i remember my dads friends telling this line, whatever course you would choose, define his life forever, he was right, but who among this batch cried, during the first college enrollment, thinking that the might made a wrong decision, a decision that can be considered a choice of a lifetime, I chose my course, and my parents were okay with it, We have the right to choose what we would like to become, our parents should guide us, not enclose things on us, so that we could learn to decide on our own, that what they raised the score, to learn to let go, You see I always believe that everyone of us, exist for a purpose, and God is so Genius, that he made us different from one another, because in the absence of things, we are able to appreciate what we have...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1352-2752.htm YouTube: an opportunity for consumer narrative analysis? Stefano Pace ` Universita Bocconi, Milano, Italy Abstract Purpose – The aim of the paper is to discuss a possible extension of narrative analysis to a new medium of expression of consumer behaviour, specifically YouTube. Design/methodology/approach – Marketing and consumer behaviour studies often apply narrative analysis to understand consumption. The consumer is a source of introspective narratives that are studied by scholars. However, consumption has a narrative nature in itself and consumers are also storytellers. YouTube is a new context in which subjects tell stories to an audience through self-made videos and re-edited TV programs. After defining the pros and cons of different approaches to the study of YouTube, narrative analysis is presented as a possible means of understanding YouTube. Findings – Some preliminary evidence is presented by discussing several YouTube videos. These indicate that YouTube content can be better understood as stories, rather than example of other approaches, such as visual analysis, media studies, videography, and others. Research limitations/implications – From the analysis conducted, preliminary managerial implications can be drawn. It seems unlikely that normal TV broadcasters will be substituted by YouTube videos. For the most part, YouTube content draws its sense and shared...
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...Understanding Consumption in Context Why am I obsessed with the consumption of toiletries and personal grooming products? It was September ‘08 when I first came to the UK. I remember walking down the high street. I had to buy basic care, so someone suggested that I go to the Boots store. It wasn’t that easy because when I entered the store I was surprised to see the huge collection of healthcare and grooming products. I was extremely excited. Just like a kid in a candy store I went around the store more than twice. There was something in all the sections that seemed like as if were made especially for me. Eventually, I ended up purchasing a lot more than I wanted in the first place. This was just a beginning, now that I know, to what has become my obsession to use these grooming and healthcare products. Shopping for healthcare and grooming products in India is a completely different experience to what it is in the United Kingdom. There are not any dedicated stores for healthcare products such as Boots, Super Drug. The differences in such consumption patterns can be better understood through the concept of Sociohistoric Patterning of Consumption, which suggests that the institutional and social structures systematically influence consumption, such as class, community, ethnicity, and gender. I had never seen, until then, a store with such collection of healthcare products. It was a totally new experience for me. Maybe it was also...
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...EXAM PLACES K Chemistry Dept. Building EA Electrical and Electronical Eng. Building M Mathematics Dept. Building P – U Physics Dept. Building MM-125 Central Engineering Building G Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences – New Building CHEM 101 GENERAL CHEMISTRY I SECOND MIDTERM | Date: |08.12.2012 | |Time: |10.00 | Proctors will pick-up exam papers from G. ERTAŞ, E. N. ESENTÜRK |Surname |Group |Place |Building |Proctors |Instructor | |AYAZ-ÇELİK (23) |01 |U-2 | | |G. ERTAŞ | | | | | | | | | | | | |Şeniz UÇAR– Mehmet Ali DÖKE (BIO) | | |ÇİLİNGİR-SOMAY (100) |01 |U-3 | | |G. ERTAŞ | ...
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...COSMETICS ADOPTION AMONG YOUNG MALE ADULTS IN MALAYSIA CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Background Personal identity is increasingly sought by consumers and one is recognized based on what one consumes (Firat & Venkatesh, 1993). People try to become the being they desire to be by consuming the items that they imagine will help to create and sustain their idea of themselves, their image and their identity (Bocock, 1993). Judgements about individuals are no longer made upon occupation or role in production but rather on what is consumed and how individuals present themselves (Firat, 1993). Through the possession of products, consumers can display their successes reflecting their personal achievement (Mitchell, 1983). Postmodern consumerism is obsessed with appearance and consumption, where style is a substitute for identity and presentation overshadows essence. This concept is part of a culture that have feminized men (Brod, 1995) and considers women and men as equally involved in the practices of consumption (Bocock, 1993). Masculine and feminine differences have been abolished by the postmodern patterns of consumption (Kacen, 2000) and these patterns of consumption are both determined and enhanced by the types of products consumers invest in (Seabrook, 1999). The construction of the male consumer of who they are, of their identity as men, is now achieved as much through style of dress, body care, image and having the right look, as do their female counterparts...
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...| Organization Theory Assignment | BUSM 3194-Organizational Theory | | Linda (S3417437) | Class group: L04Lecturer: Mr Foo Hee Luan BOB | What are the advantages and disadvantages of a multi-perspective approach to understanding organization? | TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Cover Page 1 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 1. Multiple Perspective; Modern, Symbolic-Interpretive and Postmodern 3-4 Perspective on Organization Structure and Cultural 2. Modern Perspective 4-5 3. Symbolic-Interpretive Perspective 5-6 4. Postmodern Perspective 6 5. Multi-perspective Advantage & Disadvantage 6-7 6. Conclusion 8 Reference list 9-10 Word count: 1963 words Introduction Nowadays, organizations are becoming more and more complex. This may due to the globalization, advancement in technology and derelegulation of the market. From the past till now, we can learn about an organisation through theories and different perspectives that developed by different theorists. We need to understand the organisation in different ways and different perspective in order to face any problems that deal with different organization phenomena. Here comes in the Multiple Perspectives, where includes the – modern, symbolic-interpretive and postmodern perspectives, where...
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