...DISCUSSION OF HOW PEOPLE LIVING WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA CAN LIVE WITH THE CONDITION. PYC4802,PSYCHOPATHOLOGY.UNIQUE NUMBER 668049.STUDENT NO.48415952 Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------PAGE 1. Schizophrenia--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 2. Symptoms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 2.1. Positive symptoms----------------------------------------------------------------------4 Hallucinations---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Delusions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Disorganized Thinking (Speech)----------------------------------------------------------5 Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior-----------------------------------------------------5 2.2. Negative symptoms--------------------------------------------------------------------5 Alogia-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Affective flattening--------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Avolition----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 3. Types of schizophrenia--------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Paranoid Schizophrenia-------------------------------------------------------------------------6 ...
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...2015 Critically discuss how people who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia are able to live positively with their disorder Student No: 47851449 Due date: June 17th 2015 Assignment 3 PYC4802 Psychopathology Fatima-H TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 3 2. Definition of Schizophrenia...................................................................... 3 3. Diagnostic criteria of Schizophrenia......................................................... 4 4. Hallmark features of Schizophrenia......................................................... 5 5. Living positively with Schizophrenia......................................................... 7 5.1 Pharmacological Intervention................................................................. 8 5.2 Cognitive- Behavioural Therapy............................................................. 9 5.3 Psychosocial treatments........................................................................ 9 5.4 Positive psychological interventions...................................................... 10 5.5 Community-based rehabilitation for people with schizophrenia............. 11 5.6 Occupational Therapy............................................................................ 12 5.7 Living a healthy lifestyle.............................................................
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...Lauren Otto Student Number: 49208934 PYC4802 Assignment 3 Unique Assignment number: 668049 17 June 2015 Plagiarism Declaration 1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is using another’s work and pretending that it is one’s own work. 2. I have used the American Psychological Association (APA) as the convention for citation and referencing. Each significant contribution to, and quotation in, this assignment from the work, or works of other people has been attributed and has been cited and referenced. 3. This assignment is my own work. 4. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. 5. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment, or part of it, is wrong, and declare that this assignment is my own work. NAME: Lauren Otto DATE: 17/06/2015 MODULE CODE: PYC4802 ASSIGNMENT: Assignment 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE: LIVING POSITIVELY WITH A SCHIZOPHRENIA DIAGNOSIS PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA 5 3 POSITIVE SYMPTOMS 5 3.1 Delusions 5 3.2 Hallucinations 6 3.3 Disorganised Speech 6 3.4 Grossly disorganised or catatonic behaviour 6 3 NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS 7 4.5 Flat affect 7 4.6 Avolition 7 4.7 Alogia 7 4 AETIOLOGY 8 5 SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND SELF HARM 13 6 COMORBIDITY ...
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...Schizophrenia: An Examination PYC4802 Assignment 3: 668049 17 JUNE 2015 The El Index * Cover * Index * Introduction * Chapter 1: A Definition of Schizophrenia * Chapter 2: Symptoms of Schizophrenia * Chapter 3: Causes of Schizophrenia * Chapter 4: Treatment of Schizophrenia * Chapter 5: Living with Schizophrenia * Conclusion * References Chapter 1. Introduction Schizophrenia, or mental illnesses in general isn't something new. It isn't a new age ideal which popped up out of nowhere. Even in the time of the Egyptians, there were reported cases of mental illnesses, but back then, they did not have the knowledge that we do today, so as Yuhas (2013) states, they simply deemed that those who displayed the symptoms of mental illnesses, such as those who had issues with concentration, those who were delirious or those with dwindling attention spans as simply suffering from emotional distress. It's not just the Egyptians, though. As Nizamie and Goyal (2010) point out, the ancient Indian text known as the Atharva-Veda also speak of mental illnesses, but to them back then, they were simply divine afflictions and curses sent from the gods who were angry at those who suffered. They also go on to elaborate on the Atharva-Veda, revealing that in the ancient text, there were detailed descriptions of conditions which sound similar to both bipolar disorders and schizophrenia, with many...
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...Jocelyn Byers Yogunda Cochran Ngozi Uwadiale Del Washington Group Movie Essay Misery The character selected from the movie was Annie Wilkes (Kathy Bates). Her Diagnoses according to Axis were as follows: Axis I: 295.70, Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Type Axis II: 301.22, Schizotypal Personality Disorder Axis III: None Axis IV: No support system, problems with legal issues, no interpersonal relationships According to the behaviors exhibited by Annie the criteria associated with her diagnosis of Schizoaffective Disorder are: 1.An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode, concurrent with symptoms that meet criterion A for schizophrenia 2. During the same period of illness, delusions or hallucinations persisting for over 2 weeks in the absence of prominent mood symptoms. 3. Symptoms meeting criteria for a mood episode are present for a substantial portion of the total duration the active and residual periods of the illness. 4. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a drug of abuse, a medication, or a general medical condition. 5. Bipolar subtype: if the disturbance includes a manic or a mixed episode (or a manic or a mixed episode and major depressive episodes) Annie’s obsession with Paul Sheldon indeed contributed to her initial behaviors of keeping him hostage at her home. The additional behaviors associated with schizoaffective disorders were introduced...
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...his wife and starts his second job. Nash’s second job is top-secret, -and involves a mission to figure out where different bombings around the world will take place. Nash becomes paranoid after he drops off one of his top-secret code-breakers and things go awry. Things take a turn when Nash is supposed to be giving a lecture and people who he thinks are Russian spies start to chase him. The audience learns that these “spies” are from a psychiatric ward, and that they have come to take Nash into their care. These top secret missions and numerous assignments that Nash has been working on are, in fact, the symptoms of his illness -a psychological disorder called schizophrenia. In actuality, the assignments are not based on reality and are instead products of Nash’s mind. The audience notices first sign of Nash’s schizophrenia at this point in the movie, - when Nash is talking to Charles at the ward but in reality, no one is present other than the psychiatrist. This is when Nash is faced with the harsh reality that the life he has been living is a lie. The audience has discovered that all of his top-secret missions are made up and that Charles, his best friend, does not even exist… except for in his mind. The movie highlights Nash’s struggles with the disorder and the ways it impacts his close...
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...Overview/Background: Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) is a disorder that begins in early adulthood and if found more common in men than in women. PPD falls into a group known as “Cluster A” disorder which involve an erratic and odd way of thinking. People with PPD may also suffer from paranoia, leaving them with the feeling of distrust and suspicion of others; when there is no need to be suspicious. The exact cause of PPD is unknown but has the likelihood to be have a combination of both biological and psychological factors. The fact that PPD is more common with those who have close relatives with schizophrenia, this suggests there is a genetic link between the two disorders. It is also suspected that in early childhood experiences, physical and emotional trauma may play a role in the development of PPD. Symptoms of PPD: People with PPD are always on guard, believe that others are trying to demean, harm, or threaten them. Even though these beliefs are generally unfounded, along with the habits of blame and distrust, may lead to interference with their ability to form close relationships. People with this disorder: Doubt the commitment, loyalty, or trustworthiness of others, believing that they are using or deceiving them. Are reluctant to confide in others or reveal personal information due to a fear that the information will be used against them Are unforgiving and hold grudges Are hypersensitive and take criticism poorly Read hidden meanings in the innocent remarks...
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...Dissociative Disorders An Overview The core concept of the Dissociative Disorders is a temporary disruption in the normally integrated functions of memory, identity, or consciousness, leading to amnesia, feelings of depersonalization, or multiple personalities in the same individual. For example, a person’s sense of identity changes along with their memories, feelings, and perceptions. They experience a loss in connections or parts of their identity are buried or compartmentalized. What Causes Dissociative Disorders? These disorders are controversial and their causes are not really known. Core Concepts A temporary disruption in the normally integrated functions of memory, identity, or consciousness, leading to amnesia, feelings of depersonalization, or multiple distinct personalities in the same individual. Key Definitions Anterograde amnesia – the inability to form new memories after the condition producing amnesia occurs. Dissociation – The splitting off of a group of mental processes from conscious awareness. Depersonalization – feeling detached from the self (as if watching ). Derealization – objects suddenly change dimensions, appearance, or location (i.e, one’s home becomes unfamiliar). Identity confusion – Unsure of own identity and who one is. Identity alteration – person’s behavior suggests they have assumed a new identity. Ego-dystonic – Thoughts, affect, and behavior elements of an individual’s personality that are...
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...The author of this work is currently employed as a community psychiatric nurse whose remit is to work with those clients with serious and enduring mental illness, the majority of whom have a medical diagnosis of schizophrenia and related psychosis. Over the past 10 years there's been a growing movement towards diverse treatments for schizophrenia other than the acknowledged role of medication as a treatment modality (Birchwood and Tarrier 1993). Developments in psychological theory have led to a number of innovative psychological treatments drawn from human experimental psychology such as behavioural and social psychology and cognitive science. Therapies based on cognitive behavioural theory have been rapidly developing, initially for the so called ‘neurotic disorders’ but in recent years evidence has accumulated to suggest that these cognitive behavioural approaches can be effective for those people suffering from psychosis ( Williams 1995). The aim of this assignment is to explore the basis of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and review its’ therapeutic application to schizophrenia. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is an evolutionary paradigm that came about a from the merging of the established paradigm of behavioural therapy and contemporary cognitive therapy (Clarke and Fairburn 1997). Behavioural therapy historically focused on anxiety, phobic and obsessional disorders. Treatments were aligned to the learning theories of Pavlov and Skinner,...
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...Confessional poetry emerged in the United States in the 1950’s. It was the first time a poet told his or her story through their poetry. It often explored ideas that were thought of as taboo in those times such as mental illness, sexuality, and suicide. Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton were two famous confessional poets. They both also suffered from mental illness which is often expressed in their poetry. Sylvia Plath’s “Lady Lazarus” and Anne Sexton’s “Her Kind” both use allusions and imagery to convey their emotions to the reader. In Sylvia Plath’s poem, there is an allusion in the title itself, “Lady Lazarus.” Lazarus refers to the biblical figure that was resurrected by Jesus Christ. It’s ironic that the speaker would choose a biblical reference when comparing it to her suicide attempt. Her ”resurrection” happened because she failed at taking her own life. Another allusion occurs at the end of the poem: “Out of the ash, I rise with my red hair, And I eat men like air.” She is referring to the phoenix found in Greek mythology. A phoenix is a long-lived bird that is frequently reborn. The speaker is obviously unhappy with life yet she uses allusions that represent a positive rebirth. The first lines of her poem state “I have done it again. One year in every ten I manage it—“ referring to the fact that she has attempted to commit suicide at least once per decade. “The second time I meant to last it out and not come back at all. I rocked shut as a seashell...
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...function in daily life. Many have tried to figure out the reasons for mental illnesses. All of these reasons have been looked at and thought of for thousands of years. The biological perspective views mental illness as a bodily process. Where as the psychological perspectives think the role of a person’s upbringing and environment are causes for mental illnesses. Researchers estimate that about 24 percent of people over eighteen in the United States suffer from some sort of common mental illness, such as depression and phobias. Studies have also shown that 2.6 percent of adults in the United States suffer from some sort of severe form of mental illness, such as schizophrenia, panic disorders, or bipolar disorders. Younger people also suffer from mental illnesses the same way that adults do. 14 to 20 percent of individuals under the age of eighteen suffer from a case of mental illness. Studies show that 9 to 13 percent of children between the ages of nine and seventeen suffer from a serious emotional disturbances, that disrupts the child’s daily life. Major depression is a severe disorder. Symptoms include withdraw from family and/or friends, weight loss, sleeping problems, frequent crying, fleeing helpless, delusions, and hallucinations. This disease is usually diagnosed during adolescence; parents may notice grades dropping, poor self-image, troubled social relations, and suicidal acts. This disease...
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...According to dictionary.com, alcoholism is the addiction to the consumption of alcoholic liquor or the mental illness and compulsive behavior resulting from alcohol dependency. Alcoholism can affect a person physically and mentally. Alcoholism causes many physical consequences that are well known and easy to recognize. The psychological consequences are the ones people rarely talk about, they are hard to recognize, and most people do not even know about them; however, the psychological symptoms are the ones that lead alcoholics to keep drinking without realizing problems are being caused. These effects of alcohol allow people to continue to drink in order to self-medicate their symptoms, and vary depending on the person. The most common psychological effects that people undergo are depression, dysthymia, anxiety, personality changes, compulsive behavior, denial, and co-occurring disorders (“Mental”). Depression refers to a serious medical illness that affects one’s thoughts, feelings, behavior, mood and physical health. Depression is a life-long condition in which periods of wellness alternate with recurrences of illness. Depression can lead to feelings of sadness, poor concentration, lack of sleep (insomnia), fatigue, appetite disturbances, excessive guilt, and thoughts of suicide. These symptoms tend to increase over time. Five – eight percent of adults are affected by depression each year in the U.S, which means 25 million Americans will experience major depression just...
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...2010 An Inside Look at Schizophrenia “If depression is the disabling but common cold of psychological disorders, chronic schizophrenia is the cancer” (Myers). Today, there are many abnormal disorders that have become better understood; one of which being schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, disabling brain disease that almost two million Americans will suffer from in a given year. Although schizophrenia may appear to be a dysfunctional disorder, there is more to this disease that meets the eyes. Most likely to develop earlier, more severely, and more often in men, schizophrenia affects both the male and female populations, and “it knows no boundaries” (Myers). Symptoms begin to arise in the late teens to early twenties for men, and in the twenties to early thirties for women. Although only one percent of the population will develop such a chronic disorder in their lifetime, schizophrenia should not be pushed aside. Found in many different individuals, schizophrenia’s symptoms and long-lasting pattern often results in a high degree of disability. People with schizophrenia have various symptoms that vary for each individual; “hallucinations of sound, sight, smell, taste, or touch may occur” (Berkow), the most common being hearing voices. People with schizophrenia tend to hear internal voices that can’t be heard by others; this may result in one talking to oneself or...
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...Psychological Causes of Depression The actual causes of depression are still unknown today but there are a few theories that could help explain them. It is widely believed by psychologists and scientists that all mental disorders are brought about by a complex correlation of psychological, biological, and social factors. A serious loss, chronic illness, relationship problem, work stress, family crisis, financial setback, or any unwelcome life change can ignite a depressive disorder (Psychologyinfo.com). Depression is a serious disorder in the United States and has only become more prevalent among individuals as their lives become more stressful and overwhelming. One theory for the cause of depression is the bio-psycho-social model of causation and is the most commonly recognized theory for the cause of disorders such as depression by professionals. As stated earlier, it consists of a complicated correlation of psychological, biological, and social factors. This can be caused by fluctuated levels of hormones, which would explain why many people first experience depression during puberty. (Grohol, 2006). The exact causes of depression are vast and unknown. Some types of depression have been found in families from generation to generation, which may possibly suggest that it can be inherited (Grohol, 2006). With that said, major depression seems to be present generation after generation, in some families, but not with a frequency that suggests clear biological causes. Furthermore...
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...While the readers are never given a definite diagnosis for any of the patients it seems easy to assume that Chief Bromden is paranoid schizophrenic. At the beginning of the story I really wanted some way to distinguish Chief Bromden’s actual thoughts and the schizophrenic thoughts and delusions. I felt that using and italicized font might help the reader differentiate more easily between the two because it was hard to follow at times, especially considering he is surrounded by mentally ill people. However as the story went on I realized it was essential to not distinguish between what is real and what isn’t because all of it was real to Chief Bromden. Through the majority of the book I also wondered if this would be a story similar to the movie “Fight Club,” where one character was actually a delusion created in the mind of another. I often thought that McMurphy was someone that was created in the mind of the Chief. When McMurphy showed up he seemed to compliment everything that the Chief lacked: he got along with and knows how to charm everyone, he was friendly and liked to talk to everyone, and most of all he has confidence (sometimes too much). I don’t think it would have been too far-fetched of an idea for the story because in addition to being roommates, the two always seemed to be together. Also, as the story continues and McMurphy and Chief Bromden eventually form a relationship and McMurphy is the only person that picks up on the fact that the Chief is not actually deaf...
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