...Concentration on the operating Performance of Pakistani Firms Author Waseem Anwar Center for Excellence in Research, Department of Management Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Email: wasyhcc@yahoo.com This study investigates the Impact of Ownership Concentration on the operating performance of Pakistani firms. Sample of 50 non-financial firms is selected from KSE-100 index of Karachi Stock Exchange of Pakistan. Descriptive analysis shows that there is an immense level of ownership concentration in Pakistani firms. Regression analysis suggested that there is a significant positive correlation among ownership concentration and firm’s operating performance. Naila Tabassum Center for Excellence in Research, Department of Management Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail: naila058@yahoo.com Key Words: Ownership Concentration, Operating Performance Introduction In this research, we scrutinize the affect of ownership structure on company performance. The relationship between ownership structure and performance has always been the area under discussion in the literature of corporate finance. The discussion on this area was started with the thesis of Berle and Means (1932). They argued that defuse ownership is inversely correlated with performance of a company. Most of the earlier studies found a positive relation among ownership concentration and firm’s performance (Cubin and Leech 1983, Short...
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...Title of the article selected is “Entrepreneurial Orientation, Strategy, and Marketing Capabilities in the Performance of Born Global Firms” which published in International Business Research Teaching and Practice- The Journal of the AIB-SE Volume 2 Number 1 in year 2008, from page 12 to page 38. Samantha Hartsfield, Douglas Johansen and Gary Knight are the authors of this article. The primary objective of the article is to investigate the antecedents that affect the international performance of born global firms, companies that export 25% or more within the first three to six year of their foundation. From the framework of the study, it reveals that organizational culture, business strategy and business tactics are the three main factors contributing to the international performance of those born global firms. By looking in depth at these three main factors, it actually is a process on how a born global firm can gain competitive position in this intense business environment and thus succeed in the market. In the article, the authors do argue that born global internationalized rapidly as compared to traditional companies due to its smaller size, flexibility, proactive, innovative and risk taking characteristic. Besides, it has better development and management of knowledge in the early stage compared to traditional firm. As for traditional company, it needs to unlearn the routine and operation and learn new process for the new market. It is costly and time consuming and...
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...Changing ownership and its impact on Firm performance: A detailed pre and post crisis study on Indian firms Several studies are available establishing relationship between firm performance and ownership structure and the results are mixed. Several authors have found significant relationship while others have not found any significant relationships. In Indian context also, there are several studies which propagates to have both kind of results. The way literature is linking the owner ship with performance has always been via addressing the agency (outsiders and insiders) problem, board structure, size, leverage etc. but, literature is sparse to identify these variables as moderating the relationship between ownership and firm performance. The purpose of this study is to establish and study the relationship between ownership and performance in Indian context. Considering following points, I recommend a framework to study the changing ownership and firm performance under the premise that agency costs and information asymmetry acts as moderating variable, which increases/decreases performance when ownership changes. * In India, it is confirmed by several authors that concentrated and complex ownership structure is found which creates problem of heterogeneity and opacity. * India has agency type 2 problems; few studies are available addressing type 2 problem and variables to measure this. * Opacity and complexity creates Information asymmetry and tunneling respectively...
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...Organizational Theories and Behaviors Summary of the article « Examining the link between diversity and firm performance: The effects of Diversity reputation and leader racial diversity», Cornell University ------------------------------------------------- The 21st century is typified by more women and employees with diverse ethnic backgrounds, alternative lifestyles, and intergenerational differences than in the past. Moreover, many leaders have realized that the extent to which these demographic workforce changes are effectively and efficiently managed will impact organizational functioning and competitiveness. If some studies have been made on the effects of cultural diversity in management and strategic choices on firm performance, research is now needed to understand the effects of diversity reputation on firm performance and how leader racial diversity is related to organizational financial performance. Conceptual Background and hypotheses Diversity reputation and firm performance The corporate reputation is defined as stakeholder’s perceptions about an organization’s ability to create value, the quality of a firm’s products and services, long-term investment value, and the ability to attract and retain talent. Related to diversity reputation, stakeholders may use media rankings as an overall evaluation of whether a firm is a diversity leader. As it has been shown that stock price valuations evaluated according to a “best company” announcement, the study ...
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...Performance of Indian firms before and after entry of foreign firms Under the Guidance of Prof. Saptarshi Purkayastha Under the Guidance of Prof. Saptarshi Purkayastha Submitted by: Group 6, Section B JAYASHREE LANJEKAR PGP/16/024 HEMANT KUMAR PGP/16/083 NISHANTH S PGP/16/096 T DURGALAKSHMI PGP/16/115 ARKAPRABHA DEBNATH PGP/16/133 UMESH KUMAR (GL) PGP/16/174 Submitted by: Group 6, Section B JAYASHREE LANJEKAR PGP/16/024 HEMANT KUMAR PGP/16/083 NISHANTH S PGP/16/096 T DURGALAKSHMI PGP/16/115 ARKAPRABHA DEBNATH PGP/16/133 UMESH KUMAR (GL) PGP/16/174 CONTENTS 1. | Introduction | 3 | 2. | Research Questions | 3 | 3. | Research Methodology | 4 | 4. | Literature Review | 4 | 5. | Conclusion | 14 | 6. | Tables | 15 | | | | | | | Introduction FDI refers to direct investment in business or production in a country by a foreign company. It leads to capital inflows from abroad into the production capacity of an economy, and facilitates international trade and knowledge transfer. It is a source of employment and capital which results in country's development. It improves the foreign exchange, helps transfer new technologies, increases competition, exports and tax revenues. It benefits the recipient country's business in terms of management, revenue generation by following the best practices which are of global standards. The policies related to FDI underwent major change in 1991 as a part of structural adjustment program. Since...
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...importance of firm-specific human capital which is likely to generate organizational rents, since those assets are more likely to be unique, sporadic, and thus a better basis for sustainable advantage. However psychological literature supports that generalized investments have value for the firm through it’s effects on worker’s commitment to the firm. This paper examines the impact of firm’s specificity in human capital versus generalization commitment of externalized workers. Externalized workers, face persistence pressure to maintain assets that are highly desirable in the market. Firms cannot offer lifetime contracts but nonetheless offer workers greater assurances of remaining competitive in the job market through more attention to general skills development and training. These skills increase the probabilities of the employees remaining employable, thus reducing their anxieties about the diminished job security (internal workers) or the stability of the employment relation (external workers), decreasing the likelihood of future or prolong unemployment. The study show more positive response in external workers when generalized investment by employers are made. Firms often fear to invest in externalized labor but the potential positive effects it has on employee’s commitment level are valuable outcomes of firm’s investments in general skills development and other transferable resources. The resource-based literature holds that the key strategic assets for a firm are its human...
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...identified two types of isolating mechanisms, competitive and customers-based isolating mechanisms. And examples of normative strategies are provided for each type of isolating mechanisms to facilitate their application. Key words: Competitive advantage, Competitive isolating mechanisms, Customer-based isolating mechanisms INTRODUCTION The concept of isolating mechanisms has been developed in the literature to explain barriers that firms can establish to avoid imitation by competitors (Grant, 2005; Mahoney and Panidan, 1992). Isolating mechanisms can create barriers to impede competitors from imitating resources, capabilities and strategies. Isolating mechanisms are also instrumental in influencing industry dynamics, as they provide competitive barriers to imitation for new strategies, adopted in response to environment changes ( Segars and Grovers, 1995). Through the establishment of isolating mechanisms, the firms can sustain their competitive advantage and performance. Therefore, they are a key for superior performing firms. Mahoney and Pandian(1992) had identified a wide range of isolating mechanisms from the resource-based view, mainstream strategy, organizational economics and the industrial organization literature. Although the authors recognize that there are many organizational...
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...Study 5 Methodology 6 Supply Chain 6 Supply Chain Management Features that Give You a Competitive Edge 8 Information Technology 9 Information technology and supply chain management 10 Supply Chain Technology 11 Technology Can Be the Foundation of Competitive Advantage 11 Supply Chain Technology: What’s New? 13 Resource-based view and supply chain capabilities 16 Supply Chain Capabilities 17 Hypotheses Development: IT Advancement 18 Impact of supply chain capabilities on firm performance 19 Conclusion and Recommendation 21 References 22 Letter of Transmittal May 26, 2014 Dr. Md. Akram Hossain Assistant Professor Department of management Information Systems (MIS) University of Dhaka Subject: The Impact of Information Technology on Supply Chain Capabilities and Firm Performance: A Resource-based View Dear Sir, With great pleasure we submit my assignment on “The Impact of Information Technology on Supply Chain Capabilities and Firm Performance: A Resource-based View” that you have assigned to us as an important requirement of MBA second semester class work. We have found the study to be quite interesting, beneficial & insightful. We have tried our level best to prepare an effective & creditable report. The report contains a detailed study on HRIS & a look at how it is done in the practical world. Here we have gathered information through different sources such as websites and journals. We also want to thank you for your...
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...information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . Wiley-Blackwell and John Wiley & Sons are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Strategic Management Journal. http://www.jstor.org Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12, 187-199 (1991) S A LONGITUDINALTUDY OF THE CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCESOF CHANGESIN IN DIVERSIFICATION THE U.S. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY1977-1986 W a CHARLES . L. HILL nd GARYS. HANSEN Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. The paper hypothesizes that diversification by firms based in the pharmaceutical industry during the 1977-86 time period was primarily undertaken to reduce the risks associated with being dependent upon a technologically dynamic environment. Consistent with this non-efficiency motive for diversification, declining economic performance is predicted. A longitudinal empirical analysis provides support for these propositions. INTRODUCTION The relationship between diversification...
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...spent working on the Wille & Lomax audit. Although the practice of under-reporting hours, otherwise known as “eating time”, commonly takes place on audit engagements, especially at the junior levels, it is an extremely unethical act that can result in negative consequences for the firm later down the road. In Hamilton Wong’s position, we would feel obligated to report all of our hours, as it is our ethical responsibility to behave with integrity in our line of work. Beyond maintaining our own principles, the practice of under-reporting hours violates the rules regarding integrity within the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. In our opinion, the potential short-term benefits of under-reporting our hours do not outweigh the potential risks of suspension or losing our job. In this case, Lauren Hutchison behaved very unethically by underreporting her time worked on the audit engagement. The act of “eating time” was made for completely selfish reasons, which were to make herself look superior in comparison to her peers and to impress her supervisors in light of a possible promotion. Under-reporting her time worked on the engagement results in an inaccurate representation of her efficiency and performance. Although it benefits Lauren in the short term by making her appear as a top performer, it only hurts the team as a whole for future audits as they will continue receiving low budget times that they may not be able to keep up with. Academic research suggests...
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...and successful strategy for the company. The case presented by Claire Mackey one of the division managers will be of great contribution to the strategy that the firm will use to rebuild its sales and profit margins. Mackey’s report focuses on the problems that Brannigan is facing currently and specifically the declining sales volume and lower profits that the company has been recording for the past three years. Mackey is confident that by handling the current customer desires for healthier and more convenient products, the company will be in a position to increase its sales volume. His report also focuses on how the company can manage to penetrate other markets, which it has not managed to do for the past three years as well as improve the performance of the low performing markets like Southeast Asia and China. Since the report focused on the actual challenges the firm is experiencing now, it will not only be a good consideration before making the final decision on the implementation but will also assist in making well thought and research decisions for the benefit of the firm. Mackey’s report focused on borrowing the ideas of successful firms in the industry to be able to improve the performance of Brannigan. Mackey provides a list of competitor firms whose their ideas will be of great benefit to firm. Since firms such as...
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...innovations by global competitors (e.g., Toyota and Honda) has challenged GM & Ford to reinvent themselves continuously. The challenge of continuous and dynamic change is affecting firms across multiple industries. These include even the IT Services Industry such as Accenture / IBM / Infosys & TCS and their business models & Service models are changing the nature of competition. The winners and losers resulting from changes in this particular industry remain unknown. Consider a situation where Complete Customer relationship management service for any organization ( which will have been implemented, supported & serviced ) by any of the traditional players being replaced by a cloud offering from an organization Salesforce.com for which payment can happen on pay-per–use model & supported by niche player whose entire business model is predicated on this. Being able to create a more attractive value proposition for customers is making it quite difficult for some of the more traditional players like IBM or Accenture since that means cannibalization of their existing revenue stream, changing the Business model of service & delivery and altering the Relationship matrix with customers in complete linear model. Challenging nature of competing in a global environment creates several tension-filled questions for firms: - In what markets should we compete? Should we offer standardized products across all markets or should we modify our products for local preferences? - How much risk...
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...1.Week 6 DQ 1 - Sarrel Article As the power information and communication technology continues to increase, most of the firms have realized the benefits that can be accrued from using this kind of infrastructure and therefore have employed diverse technologies to implement it. They have realized that IT is not there just to support the activities of the firm but has been distinguished as a pillar to most firms, without which the business cannot successfully manage to continue in the face of competition and also emerging technologies. Most firms have put in place complex infrastructure depending on their size of the firm and also the type of information that is held and transmitted across the network. It is the responsibility of the top management of the organization to liaise with the chief information officer so that the information technology governance can be discussed to chart the way forward on how IT infrastructure should be guarded (Sarrel, 2006).The reason behind guarding the Infrastructure is to protect one of the most crucial resource of the firm which is information or data. This data or information may include trade secrets of the firm which pose a great risk if they were to be accessed by the competitors. Firewall has been identified as one of the key behind successful protection of the firm’s information. A firewall is composed of two main parts. That is, both the hardware and software. The hardware part is the device itself which is installed with the program...
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...generic strategies that a firm may apply in order to do so. (Overall cost leadership, Differentiation and Focus). In order to create and sustain competitive advantage, companies such as KFC (case in beginning of CH5) should analyze the value chains of their customers and suppliers to see where they can add value. Furthermore studies have shown that businesses combining multiple forms of competitive advantage outperform those that used only a single form. “Stuck in the middle” firms are those who do not apply any of the forms. These are the ones that perform the worst. 2. Briefly describe the three generic strategies – overall cost leadership, differentiation, and focus. Overall cost Leadership: “Generic strategy based on appeal to the industry wide market using competitive advantage based on low cost.” Requires a tight set of interrelated tactics that include: * Aggressive construction of efficient scale facilities. * Vigorous pursuit of cost reductions from experience * Tight cost and overhead control * Avoidance of marginal customer accounts * Cost minimization in all activities in the firm’s value chain, such as R&D, service, sales force and advertising. The key to an overall cost leadership strategy is the experience curve, which refers to how business “learns to lower cost with increasing experience in production processes. Products are often standardized and the overall cost leadership firm earns a higher profit than...
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...PRACTISES AND ENTREPRENEUR TRAINING OF INNOVATIONS AND SMALL MEDIUM FIRM PERFORMANCE By : M. Mohd Rosli & Rosman Mahmood (Univesity of Malaysia Kelantan & University of Technology Mara) This study aims to address the questions of how HRM practices and entrepreneur training interact with innovation, which then affect SMF performance. To study was conducted to examine and investigate the direct relationship of ; (1) HRM practices (training & recognition), entrepreneur training, innovations and control variables (Firm Age and Firm Size) with the performance of SMF’s, and the (2) Interacting effects of HRM Practices (training & recognition) and entrepreneur training on the relationship between innovation and SMF performance. Two hundred eighty-four (284) organizations throughout Malaysia participated in the study. The major activity of the firm must be in the three industries that is food and beverage, textiles and clothing and wood-based products. The unit of analysis for this study is the owner or manager of the firm. The respondents were requested to fill up a self-administered questionnaire containing variable on company background, HRM practices and entrepreneur training, innovation and firm performance indicators. Seven hypotheses has been developed to study the direct relationship of HRM practices, entrepreneur training, innovation and control variables with the performance of SMF’s and the interacting effects of HRM practices and entrepreneur...
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