...Post modern approach Some of the key concepts and techniques common to both Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Narrative Therapy are: - Collaborative relationship between therapist and client - Client considered expert on own life - Focus on solutions (alternative stories) rather than problems - Positive (or optimistic) orientation - Emphasise client’s strengths rather than weaknesses - Clients set their own goals (take an active role) - Focus on the future - Use of questions - Belief that small steps lead to bigger changes - Postmodern idea that there are multiple realities and truths (they are not objective facts) - Importance of language An advantage of using both Solution-Focused Brief Therapy and Narrative Therapy together is that the therapist has more techniques or strategies to draw on as they see fit for the each individual client. Due to the many similarities between the two combining seems very appropriate. Many of the basic concepts and techniques of these Postmodern approaches could be quite easily be integrated into other therapeutic perspectives. For instance, the Feminist Perspective with its focus on how gender-roles and how they affect present behaviour could benefit from the use of exception questions, the miracle question, deconstruction and the creation of alternative stories. Or the Reality Perspective with its focus on each individual being responsible for what they choose to do could benefit from the use of exception questions and identifying...
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...Family Counseling Approach: Narrative Lisa R. Murray Liberty University Online Abstract Narrative therapy is a therapeutic approach that is used alone or in conjunction with other methods of therapy. This particular method of therapy is used in family therapy to help clients focus on gaining access to preferred story lines in reference to their lives and identities the family dynamics that may affect them. The preferred story line will replace the place of the previous negative and self-defeating narratives about themselves. Helping clients within a family counseling to begin to become the author of their own story is important in many cases to overcoming multigenerational affects. Narrative therapy aids in this process. This comprehensive evaluation of narrative therapy within the structure of family therapy and the integration of faith will be constructed in the following pages. Keywords: self-defeating, Narrative therapy, multigenerational, therapeutic Introduction Narrative therapy is considered apart of the Social Construction Model. This particular type of therapy, the counselor or therapist is not a dominant entity or focal point of the process. Instead the therapist is seen as an influential individual to the client. The counselor will aid the client with the process of internalization and the creation of new stories or narratives within themselves that help them to draw new assumptions about themselves. This is done through the process of the client...
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...POSTMODERN APPROACHES Solution-Focused and Narrative Therapies Key Terms: Alternative story- a story that develops in counseling in contradiction to the dominant story that is embedded in a problem. Co-authoring- a co-joint process where client and counselor share responsibility for developing alternative stories. Deconstruction- exploring meaning by taking apart/unpacking the taken-for-granted categories and assumptions underlying social practices that are guised as truths. Dominant story- understanding a situation that is accepted within a culture that appears to represent reality. Dominant stories are developed through conversations in social and cultural contexts and these stories shape how people construct and constitute what people see, feel, and do. Exception questions- SF counselors inquire about times when the problem(s) have not been problematic. Shows that problems are not ever existing and always overpowering. Externalizing conversation- a way of speaking about a problem as if it is a distant entity, separate of the person. Based on the premise that people who view themselves as the problem limit themselves to the extent they cannot effectively deal with the problem. Formula first session task- observation homework given that must be completed between first and second session. They must observe what is happening in their lives that they want to continue to happening. Mapping-the-influence questions- a series of questions asked about a problem...
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...Abstract This essay briefly describes behaviorism, gestalt, and structuralism. Brief examples of each approach are outlined under each topic. The common threads of behaviorism, gestalt, and structuralism are contrasted and compared in basic terms, and their influence on present-day psychology is discussed. Unit 1 – Individual Project This paper discusses three methods in the evolution of psychology: structuralism, behaviorism, and gestalt. To better understand the concepts of each, it’s important to list examples of each method, as well as compare and contrast the differences of each and how each impact modern-day psychology. Structuralism The structural approach to psychology sought to quantify the human experience, the human mind, in a scientific way (Reed, 2010). Simply put, structuralism is the study of how people respond to stimuli; it’s the study of human perception (Education Portal, 2012). It was thought that, through the process of Introspection, surface behavior held clues to deeply buried issues that could only be identified by the therapist (Narrative Therapy Chicago, 2012). An example of structuralism, with regard to therapy, was the use of Introspection, wherein the therapist would, for example, play a sound, or ask the patient to jump in the air. He would then observe the reaction to the stimuli, and ask, “How does that make you feel?” Between the unconscious reaction and introspective response of the patient, the therapist believed he could uncover...
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...one place, especially sitting, excessive talking, careless mistakes made on school work, difficulty taking turns, and problems making and keeping friends. It is when these types of inattentive behaviors are observed, not just at school but in other settings as well, that ADHD may be indicated. (2017) Three key functions that are impaired in individuals with ADHD are performance in school, making and keeping friends, and operating in society. The treatment recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for children over six years of age is behavior therapy and medication, concurrently. (2017) In order to best serve a child with ADHD a team approach needs to be taken. Parents, physicians, school teachers and counselors, therapists, and even coaches should work together toward the same goals and objectives when working with a child. This paper will examine the role that participation in group therapy in schools can play towards achieving treatment goals for a student with ADHD. The average age of diagnosis for ADHD is 6.2 years of age. Children who have a diagnosis of ADHD are at high risk for diagnosis of other conditions. Of the children diagnosed with ADHD, 46% of these students also have a Learning Disability, 27% have a conduct disorder, 14% suffer from depression and/or anxiety, and 12% have Speech and Language disabilities (Branscome, Cunningham, Kelley, & Brown, 2014). School counselors play a vital role in working with these students, not only by...
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...the villagers during a civil war and as a form of narrative therapy to recover from the trauma of the war as well. In the novel, storytelling affects almost all the characters in a positive way. “Mister Pip’’ chronicles the experiences of Matilda, a young resident of a small village in Bougainville, an island in Papua New Guinea, during Frames Ona’s rebel uprising against the copper mine company, Bougainville Copper Ltd. This results in the mine closing, and a civil war ensues between the rebels and the Papua New Guinea Defence Force in 1990. The central idea that literature and storytelling can positively affect lives is effectively shown, when the readers gain an understanding of how Mr Watt’s narration of “Great Expectations” (G.E.) has a huge impact on village children, especially Matilda, the protagonist. Mr. Watts declares that he wants the novel, by Charles Dickens, as a “place of light” for the children who are trapped in this terrible civil war to escape into. For the children in the civil war, all western aid for which they were dependent on was cut off. They had no medications, fuel, candles, “and soon the littlest kids came down with malaria, and there was nothing that could be done to help them”. Thus Mr Watts creates an entirely new world in the minds of the village children to distract then from the “fresh new atrocities” and the helpless horrors they experience in their daily lives. From Matilda’s own first person narration, the readers can immediately feel...
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... The mutations in DNA code for mutated proteins and therefore alter the use and lifespan of each cell and tissue type. Cancer at its simplest form is shown as an excess of cells dividing out of control. Cancer comes in all forms and ways. The most common cancer types include: breast, ovarian, skin, lung, and colon. The main character in The Fault in Our Stars has thyroid cancer which has metastasized in the lungs (Green 11). Levine’s Adam in the movie 50/50 has a lesser known cancer, spinal cancer. Even though each cancer is different, they are treated in relatively the same ways. Cancer requires extensive treatment. Different types of cancer require different types of treatment. Chemo-therapy is almost required to treat the physical problems. However, various supportive therapies and groups treat the emotional problems associated with cancer. Some of these include: depression, apathy, anxiety, confusion, and anger. Both The Fault in Our Stars and 50/50 concern not only the physical treatments cancer patients undergo, but also the emotional treatments associated with a cancer diagnosis. John Green’s Hazel is a teenager living with terminal cancer. She calls her life a “miracle” due to the fact she was revived on the cusp of death (Green 26). Before the miracle she briefly mentions the difficulty of going through chemo and radiation (Green 26). The brief mention of physical treatment in the book suggests that the physical symptoms will not get any better or worse. Physical...
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...of 2014, I realized that there was very something wrong with my back. I had first started to notice problems in 6th grade, but by that summer it became very easy to notice a problem. My mom told me not to worry about it, and I could tell my doctor about it at my next appointment. That August I went to the doctor for a regular check-up and told her about it. “I don’t think it’s supposed to do that,” said my doctor. She gave me an appointment card for later that day to go get x-rays. I went to get the x-rays and was told to come back in a few days. When I came back, I was nervous. My back had been feeling worse everyday. The doctor entered the room and pulled up my x-rays. He zoomed in to a strange looking part of my spine....
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...It is a non-blaming or non-labeling form of therapy that helps the client to change the effects of the problem on their lives. It’s a concept that essentially removes the client from the problem. According to Freedman and Combs (1996), “the person is not the problem, but the problem is the problem” (p.47). The technique of deconstructive listening could benefit the Olivares family as it would allow the family to hear each other’s stories and possible meaning for their actions. In the scenario, Mr. Olivares worries about being laid off again and not being able to provide for his family. He works long hours and wants to relax and enjoy a beer on weekends when he has free time. Additionally, the family has experienced difficulties since coming to the States. Through deconstructive listening, the vagueness of the Olivares’s family circumstances could be filled in. “People must search their experience to find details that fill the gaps, and as details are added the shape of the narrative changes” (Freedman & Combs, 1996, p.47). For the Olivares family and any family in therapy, narrative family may be preferred over a solution- focused approach as it is a non-blaming or non-labeling form of therapy. By blaming the problem rather than a family member for their actions, the family can move forward with addressing the presenting problem instead of experiencing hurtful...
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...Liberty University Abstract As the world looks at the reality of communal exchange, thumbing back to historical debates of empirical and rational schools of thought, delineations from dualism to social interchange and collaboration refine hypothesis’ of undisputable truth. Reminiscent of the psychoanalytic movement with greats such as Freud, Jung and Adler, therapy, more of an art than science, and current day philosophies drive which models influence today’s truth. Reality is fashioned by language, how we feel, act and think, revealing “stories” we tell the self as contextual meanings. These beliefs now evolve one’s creation and truth. The therapist, joining in recognition of new perspectives, empowers and helps the client see that forward progress is strength within oneself. In a social constructivist point of view, the therapist detaches from the expert status of defining the problem. From family therapy and the multicultural lens, therapists now challenge cultural factors that, in turn, shape the client’s perceptions in the format of brief therapies. Keywords: brief therapies, collaborative, family therapy, social constructionism Postmodern Approach to Social Constructivism In the 21st century a paradigm shift motivated the field of psychology to unlock a fresh world view revealing the objet d'art of collective exchange. Referring to the modernistic creation of self, it is said that the anthropological essence and the search for truth is being reworked...
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...Than Just a Spiritual Document Popular interpretations of Mary Rowlandson’s work, A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, argue the significance of her inclusion of biblical principles and reference to characters from the Bible and other scriptural contexts, however Rowlandson endured a serious traumatic event and, I believe, suffered a psychological breakdown that resulted in the crafting of this narrative. The first of its genre, Rowlandson’s captivity narrative provided an outlet for her to express the pain that she suffered, while simultaneously drawing parallels between her scenarios and scriptures. Although Mrs. Mary Rowlandson dealt with unimaginable grief and emotional turmoil during and after her eleven week captivity in Indian custody, she wrote this narrative...
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...in respect to a single client that I have chosen, EP. EP is a sixty-nine year old African American female who was previously diagnosed with dementia as well as depression. I met EP after she was admitted to the short-term involuntary psych unit at the hospital to which I am employed as a mental health associate, making me one of her immediate caregivers. She was admitted after proving to be a danger to herself during screening, where it became known that the patient stopped taking appropriate dosages of her medication and became unable to appropriately care for herself as a result. When EP is doing well with her medications, she is able to live a very independent and healthy lifestyle, but this lasts only temporarily as this is not the first time that she has been admitted here. Her independence is very important to her. EP was born and raised in lower- middle class New Jersey, used to be a nurse, was previously married only once, has two kids and several grandkids. It seems that she does not maintain close ties with anyone in her immediate family because they don’t ever seem to answer her phone calls or come to visit. She enjoys jazz music and not much...
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...and implemented within. As a counselor, knowledge is vital to the wellness and development of the client. Knowing who we are, where we come from, what influences us, and what makes us who we are, these are just some of the questions that help us discover ourselves. I have spent a great deal of time and effort understanding who I am and what goes into that. As well as how the situations and people around me have made impressions on my life. Then beginning to dealing with the issues that have come up because of these things. At the end of the day, I believe a few things to be true: relationships mold our existence, our spiritual lives affect us, and a holistic view and self-awareness are keys to growth. As I have traced the steps of several theories, one sticks out as primary to who I am – Existential-Humanistic Theory. Taking the essence of this theory and combining it with aspects of Developmental Counseling Theory and Family Therapy, I hope to have a comprehensive fit to my personality as a budding counselor. Adaptable and Practical Being highly spiritual makes Existential-Humanistic Theory appealing to me. Their views of finding meaning in life coincides with my personal belief that we all have a need to be accepted, loved and have a purpose. Some key components of Existential-Humanistic include (Ivey et al., 2007): - Being in the world our task is to understand the meaning of this and where it’s derived from. - We discover who we are through...
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...Narrative Report - Left sided hemiparesis due to an ischemic stroke by Clifford Choi on Saturday, December 3, 2011 at 12:47am · I thank my mentors in neurology, integrative medicine, and my patient for his determination to overcome this. He is an atheist but believed in me and himself. The patient reports full recovery. Here is his letter 4 months later. He has given permission to publish the report. He is back to work, travelling, driving, and has no known deficits. 80% of ischemic strokes survive the stroke, but it is uncertain how many fully recover 100% function. _________________________________________________ Dear Dr. Clifford Choi, I tried to call the number you once gave me, but they told at the hospital SEIMC that you were not working there anymore. Anyway I just wanted to touch base and say hello to you and thank you and the colleagues you had at the hospital. The recovery has been very amazing. I was last week at this intensive rehabilitation (or so it was called) session at the _________ University hospital. I was supposed to be there the whole week, but they said that I’m actually in too good shape to gain anything from this anymore, so I left Wednesday morning. I’m allowed to drive now, and officially I will be back to work on August 26th. I can call you, if you want. But then I would need your phone number. The world is a small place, so maybe we some day run into each other. You never know. Best regards, patient x The report below was submitted...
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...Advanced Practice Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, Finding Our Core: The Therapeutic Relationship in 21st Century Advanced ORIGINAL 4 42 June © Blackwell 0031-5990 Publishing Perspectives in Psychiatric PPC 2006 Practice PMH2006 Malden, USAARTICLE Care Blackwell Publishing Inc Nursing: Finding Our Core Suzanne Perraud, RN, PhD, Kathleen R. Delaney, RN, DNSc, Linnea Carlson-Sabelli, PhD, APRN, BC, Mary E. Johnson, RN, PhD, Rebekah Shephard, MS, APRN, and Olimpia Paun, APRN, BC, PhD TOPIC. Increasingly, students from various professional backgrounds are enrolling in Psychiatric Mental Health (PMH) Nursing graduate programs, especially at the post-master’s level. Faculty must educate these students to provide increasingly complex care while socializing them as PMH advanced practitioners. PURPOSE. To present how one online program is addressing these issues by reasserting the centrality of the relationship and by assuring it has at least equal footing with the application of a burgeoning knowledge base of neurobiology of mental illness. SOURCES. Published literature from nursing and psychology. CONCLUSIONS. The PMH graduate faculty believes that they have developed strategies to meet this challenge and to help build a PMH workforce that will maintain the centrality of the relationship in PMH practice. Search terms: Nurse–patient relations, psychiatric nursing, empathy, therapeutic relationship, education, nursing...
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