...Programing languages have evolved from fairly rigid and simple in the 60’s, 70’s, and 80’s to a much more intuitive and powerful state as shown by some of the newer examples in more recent years. This is not to say that more recent additions are necessarily better, just more specialized and optimized for particular functions and environments. A few notable examples include Pascal, C#, Java, Ruby, and Visual Basic. Pascal is an interpretive language published in 1970 by swiss programmer Niklaus Wirth. It is named for French mathematician Blaise Pascal, and was intended to be a compact, efficient language. Pascal’s structure is designed to encourage good programing practices and be easy to learn. C# or C sharp is a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that is intended to run in Microsoft’s .Net framework. It was first published around 2000, with its latest update C# 6.0, having been released on 6/20/2015. One of the goals of C# is to be easy to learn to those already familiar with C and C++. Java was developed by Sun Microsystems and published by the Oracle Corporation. It first appeared in 1995, and its most recent stable release was 10/15/2015. It is intended to be executable on any compatible device without needing to be recompiled, and is very widely used. Much of java is derived from C and C++, however it has fewer lower level facilities than either. Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object orientated programing language developed in the...
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...Manish Kumar Singh +91 – 9086185435 3rd year B.Tech Student manish.mrmanish.singh@gmail.com Computer Science and Engineering 2011ecs34@smvdu.ac.in Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu Academic Details Academic Details Year | Degree | Institute | Percentage/CGPA | 2011-present | B.Tech In computerScience and Engineering | Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University,Katra,Jammu | CGPA=7.02/10Last semester SGPA=7.65/10 | 2010 | Class-XIIUP BOARD | Queens inter college, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh | 80% | 2008 | Class-XUP BOARD | Queens inter college, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh | 64.9%94% in mathematics87% in science | Objective Objective To use my knowledge of computer science to brighten the future of my nation. Projects Projects * Implemented a mobile jammer inside an RC helicopter Mr. Ajay Kaul Inspired from problems faced by security officials at 26/11 Mumbai Attacks, i tried to develop a remotely controlled mobile jammer ,which I put inside an RC helicopter this project was also approved by NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS OF INDIA, under a program called NIYANTRA, 2013. * House hold light detector ...
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...Unit 1 Research Assignment 1: Exploring Programing Language 1970s Pascal-designed by Nikalus Wirth in late 60s early 70s and intention was to create an efficient language based on so called structured programing. Forth-designed by Charles Moore in 1970s that was originally designed for embedded and real time applications. Smalltalk-designed by Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg, Ted Kaehler, Scott Wallace, and others during the 1970s and was originally designed based off of a bet that message passing could be implemented in a page of code. Prolog designed by Alan Colmerauer during the 70s and is a general purpose programing language that is associated with A.I. and computational linguistics. ML-designed by Robin Milner & others at the University of Edinburgh in 1973 and was conceived to provide proof tactics in the LCF theorem prover. 1980s Ada- designed in 1983 by a team led by Jean Ichbiah to replace the hundreds of programing languages then used by DoD. Was named after Ada Lovelace Perl-designed in 1987 by Larry wall as a general purpose UNIX scripting language to make report processing easier. Tcl-designed in 1988 by John Ousterhout and is commonly used for rapid prototyping, scripted applications, GUIs and testing. FL(Backus)-designed by John Backus, John Williams, and Edward Wimmers in 1989 and was designed as a replacement of Backus earlier FP language providing specific support for what he thought was termed level function level programming. Mathematica-designed...
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...1970 programing languages Fortran, AWK One of the oldest programming languages, the FORTRAN was developed by a team of programmers at IBM led by John Backus, and was first published in 1957. The name FORTRAN is an acronym for FORmula TRANslation, because it was designed to allow easy translation of math formulas into code. Despite this standardization, a few years later, various new dialects began to surface again, requiring the Standards Association review the language again. This version is known as FORTRAN '77. This version was released in 1978. As with a number of languages, it was born from the necessity to meet a need. As a researcher at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, I found myself keeping track of budgets, and keeping track of editorial correspondence. I was also teaching at a nearby university at the time, so I had to keep track of student grades as well. I wanted to have a simple little language in which I could write one- or two-line programs to do these tasks. Brian Kernighan, a researcher next door to me at the Labs, also wanted to create a similar language. We had daily conversations which culminated in a desire to create a pattern-matching language suitable for simple data-processing tasks. 1990s programing languages Visual Basic, Ruby Visual Basic is a third-generation developed by Microsoft is a event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model first released in 1991. Microsoft intended...
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...| Case Study 1 | Will TV Succumb to the Internet? | | | 1/27/2013 | CISK 511 | Case Study: Will TV Succumb to the Internet? Problem: Cable/Satellite Provides have adopted a business model of expanding select programing services online while remain competitive with an increasingly digitized world. The very technology they have embraced poses a threat to the future of mainstream TV as more and more household have cut the cord and terminated standard TV service in favor of Internet programing. Challenge: Recommend the best course of action to take for cable/satellite providers to expand their online product offerings without cannibalizing revenues from traditional TV programming Facts: * High-speed internet connections, powerful computers, and portable software devices have become widespread in use and ease of access. It’s changed the way people obtain songs, videos, TV shows and books. File sharing and DVR service have increased the ease which TV shows and music can be uploaded to the internet and shared with others for free. Although these TV shows and music files are illegal to share, current laws against those who supply and download these digital files have near zero effect on users because the laws are hardly enforced. * YouTube, which was started in 2005, is the most popular video-sharing website in the world. Over 150,000, unauthorized video clips of copyrighted television programs appeared on YouTube. * Hula.com, a website offering...
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...Phase1 Intake Process | The purpose of this intake is to ensure public safety and security, by the successfully reintegration of the newly sentenced offender Herman Day. In this intake we will review the present and past offences; state the factors that may have contributed to Day's criminal behaviour. As well place Day in the appropriate institution with the appropriate programing that will help Day acquire the skill to successfully reintegrate back into the community as a law abiding citizen. OBJECTIVES * To ensure that an efficient system is in place for collecting all useful information necessary to assess and treat newly sentenced offenders * To ensure that the needs of the newly sentenced offender are fully identified and assessed whether the person can be treated in the community * To clearly identify those factors which contributed to the offenders criminal behavior * To ensure that an offender is placed at the appropriate institution based on their security and program needs and that the resources are available to them at that institution * To ensure that through the intake process community release potential is considered Offender Intake Assessment Process Herman has been sentenced 7 years in a federal institution Herman will be sent to Millhaven institution for a maximum of 72 day. 1) Herman will be interviewed by a parole officer. 2) Herman’s court, police, probation, forensic, and jail records...
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...realization was more or less due to internet startup firms that challenged the SAP business model, companies like IBM and Microsoft pushed open protocols and web services to IT customers, witch again could manage a fully integrated system based on open source with “best of breed” suppliers. In that they also recognized that the overall IT knowledge also increased due to younger and better trained IT departments/persons inside companies. It was important that SAP are in the lead of the change, due to the first mover and also that they have a high knowledge regarding IT programing. In the book “The innovator´s solution” by Christensen and Raynor (2003) there is mentioned disruptive innovation, in this context we could say that the new entrants of open based programing is a huge threat and could possibly in the future change the industry. As we can se in figure 1 the new marked disruption is a possible threat for existing industry. If you are trying to be the first mover it is also crucial that “getting it right“ as mentioned in the book are taken care of. The success factors was fore SAP: Key costumers, Costumers vs partners vs internal organization. How to manage the information flow in-between these stakeholders in the ecosystem. The mindset and understanding as Figur 1 Disruptive innovation...
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...1. Which of the following statements are incorrect regarding C language? Records can be defined in C by using structures Members of a structure are of the same/different data types A pointer to a structure can be used to pass a structure to a function Memory is allocated when we define a structure 2. Given the following array: int a[9] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0}; what will be the output of the printf("%d",a[5]); ? Answers: 3 4 5 6 3. Which of the following function will convert a string into an integer? Answers: • int() • number() • tonum() • atoi() • val() 4. Which standard C programing function is used to clear the memory allocated by the malloc() function? Answers: • delete • elease • free • calloc • destroy 5. From which loop...
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...born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California” (allaboutstevejobs.com, 2016). c. His parents were Abdulfattah Jandali and Joanne Simpson Steve jobs was given up for adoption when he was young. He was adopted by Paul Jobs and Clara jobs. He also had two sisters named Patricia Ann Jobs and Mona Simpson. Steve went through an easy child hood and had good parents to take care of him. 2. Body a. Steve Jobs went to many different schools and worked many different jobs. Steve when to monta loma Elementary, Cupertino Junior High School, Homestead High...
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...Exploring Programing Languages 1970's BASIC - designed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz at Dartmouth College. At first BASIC was modeled on the batch languages of the time in that all of the data that the program would process had to be included in a DATA statement before the program could be run. Pascal - after BASIC was developed, Niklaus Wirth produced a language suitable for teaching computer science C - Dennis Ritchie reworked some of Thompson's ideas to produce the language C in the early seventies at Bell Labs. FORTRAN - added structured statements borrowed from Algol to produce Fortran 77. COBOL- more static and only submitted to slight revision in 74. 1980's C++ - a general purpose programming language. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing the facilities for low level memory manipulation. Perl - a family of high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages. The languages in this family include Perl 5 and Perl 6. Ada - originally designed by a team led by Jean Ichbiah of CII Honeywell Bull under contract to the United States Department of Defense (DoD) from 1977 to 1983 to supersede the hundreds of programming languages then used by the DoD. Objective-C - a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language originally developed in the early 1980s. It is the main programming language used by Apple. Caml ( Categorical Abstract Machine Language) is a dialect of the ML programming...
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...Five popular programing languages: • 1970: o 1970 - Pascal o 1972 - C o 1972 - Smalltalk o 1972 - Prolog o 1973 - ML • 1980: o 1983 - Ada o 1983 - C++ o 1985 - Eiffel o 1987 - Perl o 1989 - FL (Backus) • 1990: o 1990 - Haskell o 1990 - Python o 1991 - Java o 1993 - Ruby o 1994 - PHP o • 2000: o ATS o Boo o C Sharp o Clojure o Cobra Who created this language? • 1970: o Niklaus Wirth o Dennis Ritchie o Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg o Alain Colmerauer o Robin Milner • 1980: o Jean Ichbiah o Bjarne Stroustrup o Bertrand Meyer o Larry Wall o John Backus, John Williams, Edward Wimmers • 1990: o Simon Peyton Jones, Lennart Augustsson, Dave Barton, Brian Boutel, Warren Burton, Joseph Fasel, Kevin Hammond, Ralf Hinze, Paul Hudak, John Hughes, Thomas Johnsson, Mark Jones, John Launchbury, Erik Meijer, John Peterson, Alastair Reid, Colin Runciman, Philip Wadler o Guido van Rossum o James Gosling and Sun Microsystems o Yukihiro Matsumoto o Rasmus Lerdorf • 2000: o Hongwei Xi o Rodrigo B. De Oliveira o Microsoft o Rich Hickey o Charles Esterbrook When was each of these languages created? Was there a specific motivation behind the creation of these languages? If so, what was it? • 1970: o 1970 – Yes, intended to teach students structured programming o 1972 – Yes, designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language...
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...LINEAR PROGRAMING AND SIMPLEX METHOD Devharajan Rangarajan Department of Electronic Engineering National University of Ireland, Maynooth devharajan.rangarajan.2016@mumail.ie Abstract— An optimization problem consists of maximizing or minimizing a real function by systematically choosing input values from within an allowed set and computing the value of the function. This pays way to a new world of constrained optimization. This paper focuses on one such optimization technique known as Linear programming and one of its method known as Simplex method in detail with examples. cTx = c1x1 + · · · + cnxn The subject of linear programming can be defined quite concisely. It is concerned with the problem of maximizing or minimizing a linear function whose variables are required to satisfy a system of linear constraints, a constraint being a linear equation or inequality. The subject might more appropriately be called linear optimization. Problems of this sort come up in a natural and quite elementary way in many contexts but especially in problems of economic planning. (or Ax ≤ b) I. INTRODUCTION Linear programming is the process of taking various linear inequalities relating to some situation, and finding the "best" value obtainable under those conditions. A typical example would be taking the limitations of materials and labour, and then determining the "best" production levels for maximal profits under those conditions. In "real life", linear...
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...Paper Description: In this topic we discuss all about Pointer With their Uses related to program,advantage,disadvantage,and it’s application. Here we discuss some reasons why we use Pointer:- What is a pointer? Pointer is nothing , it is just a variable which hold the Address of another variable. For example, consider the variable declaration: int *ptr; ptr is the name of our variable. The '*' informs the compiler that we want a pointer variable. The int says that we intend to use our pointer variable to store the address of an integer . Such a pointer is said to "point to" an integer. Why Have Pointers? Pointers solve two common software problems. First, pointers allow different sections of code to share information easily. You can get the same effect by copying information back and forth, but pointers solve the problem better. Second, pointers enable complex "linked" data structures like linked lists and binary trees. Advantage of Pointer Pointers provide a mechanism for directly accessing and modifying objects and code in memory. Pointers are used in many programming languages for...
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...Module 3 Case Outline Video Games and Regulating Them 1. Whose place is it to deal with this problem? A. Parents or guardians B. Government C. Other Authority Figures 2. Should the government regulate violent video games? A. Job of the Government B. Create an agency to regulate games C. Laws and forms of regulating sale of violent games 3. Who is ultimately responsible? A. Creators of the games B. Marketing of the games C. Access to the games 4. Conclusion A. Summary of items discussed throughout the paper. Video Games and Regulating Them Whose problem is it to deal with this problem? This question is one that many people have differences on, and whatever one’s beliefs on who should regulate this matter both have valid arguments. When first being given this matter to address, it seemed a bit silly but after looking into how these games is played by so many young people I realized how important this issue is. The people whom I believe carry the most responsibility is ultimately the parents, these are the people that have the biggest impact on these young people. When parents choose to deflect the responsibility of this matter they are doing their child an injustice, furthermore parents should take an active role in teaching their children the difference between right and wrong. Ideas of regulating this issue by utilizing the federal and state governments are what I believe to be a waste of resources. In a child’s life there are many people that...
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...Search Go! Going Global: The Impact of Satellite Television on News and Society "Consider man, the prosthetic god. Not being able to run very fast or for very long, he has grafted onto himself additional feet, until he can travel farther and faster than any other animal, and not only on land but also on and under water and in the air. He can reinforce his eyes with glasses, telescopes, and microscopes. Thanks to orbiting satellites, he can, without displacing himself, count wildebeest in the African veldt, or missile silos outside Novosibirsk. Lacking the dolphins ability to communicate great distances, he amplifies his voice with the aid of radio waves...[H]e has acquired a perpetually growing communal memory in the shape of the written word, the photograph, and the recording. Everything we know now, we know forever." –W. Rybczynski (1983) from Taming the Tiger: The Struggle to Control Technology Introduction Satellites have changed the way news is distributed and received around the world. Privatization of news media has allowed global news networks, namely CNN and the BBC, to break up longstanding government monopolies. Continuous news has found a global audience, both for convenience and the most updated story details. Breaking news relies on up to the minute updates, and every second counts in the competitive global news arena. CNN dominates the global airways, but critics maintain that this product is merely a cultural export from the United States. E...
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