...Intelligence testing article analysis Ada N. Bren PSY450 July 23, 2013 Professor Daryl Farrow Intelligence testing article analysis Human intelligence is the mental value composed of the abilities to learn from experiences throughout one’s life and adapts to new circumstances, comprehends, and accepts intellectual theories, and utilizes that knowledge to manipulate one’s own environment. Societal expectations have emotional influence on a person’s perception of human intelligence. For example, when someone can think quickly, it is connected to fluid intelligence, which is similar to critical thinking, a person has the capacity to form concepts, think abstractly, and utilize knowledge to new circumstances. This paper is will discuss two different theories of intelligence from two different psychologists so that there can be an understanding of the different views in society. Gardner’s theory of intelligence The first Theory comes from Howard Gardner. His theory of multiple intelligences is quite popular and is widely utilized. Gardner, who was inspired by the writings of Jean Piaget has suggested a theory of multiple intelligences. He initially recognized seven elements of intelligence (Gardner, 1983). He discusses that these intelligences are somewhat distinct from each other and that each person has a certain level of each of these seven intelligences. When a student enters University of Phoenix, there is a class that is required and in this class, they issue an assignment...
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...TO BE LOVED OR FEARED AS A LEADER? Leaders in fields ranging from military and politics to business and even education have been posed with the choice of instilling love or fear among their respective followers. Traits like warmth and trustworthiness of a leader instill love among followers and fear of a leader originates mostly from his strength and competence. Although there are numerous other traits in a leader, warmth and strength are the most influential. According to psychology, a major part of other people's perception about a person is determined by these two dimensions of personality (Cuddy, Kohut and Neffinger, 2013, p. 56). The dilemma of the choice between these two is inherently present in the nature of the two extremes i.e. either of the choices will make you fall at the opposing ends of the human emotional spectrum. It is interesting to note that the question of choosing between the two extremes is not a new one . Tracing this conundrum back to the sixteenth century takes us to the writings of Machiavelli. His political philosophy in 'The Prince' acknowledges the best leaders to command both fear and love. Having said that, Machiavelli recognizes the opposite polarity of the two emotions and maintains that since it is difficult to combine both in one person, it is better to be feared as a leader than to be loved (Machiavelli, 2003, p.53). Today, about five hundred years later, the Machiavellian concept of a feared leader is still quite rigorously followed...
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...He discusses poverty – insofar as he suggests that money affords one access and the opportunity to receive more; with more opportunity comes more access and more access provides social capital. This is what explains the lack of fluid social capital among the lower class. While poverty is not necessarily an issue of race issue but more so class, racial inequality & racism still very pervades contemporary American society. Structure & agency are also enabling agents to inequality in America; adequate agency is required to surmount barriers created by certain structural forces designed by society. Macleod comes to the conclusion that individual agency is ostensibly inferior to social institutions and structural constraints. One’s outcome is more dependent on their social milieu, more than anything else; this, he purports, is what accounts for demographic patterns of...
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...Theory: Mapping the Unconscious Mind The Neo-Freudian Psychoanalysts: Building on Freud Try It! The Life Orientation Test Projective Methods Behavioral Assessment Becoming an Informed Consumer of Psychology: Assessing Personality Assessments module 30 Trait, Learning, Biological and Evolutionary, and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Trait Approaches: Placing Labels on Personality Learning Approaches: We Are What We’ve Learned Biological and Evolutionary Approaches: Are We Born with Personality? Humanistic Approaches: The Uniqueness of You Try It! Assessing Your Real and Ideal Self-Concept Comparing Approaches to Personality module 32 Intelligence Theories of Intelligence: Are There Different Kinds of Intelligence? Practical Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence: Toward a More Intelligent View of Intelligence Assessing Intelligence Variations in Intellectual Ability Exploring Diversity: The Relative Influence of Genetics and Environment: Nature, Nurture, and IQ Psychology on the Web The Case of . . . Mike and Marty Scanlon, the Unlikely Twins Profiles of Success: Raymond J. Matlock Full Circle: Personality and Individual Differences module 31 Assessing Personality: Determining What Makes Us Distinctive Self-Report Measures of Personality Who was the Real Bernie Madoff? To some, Bernard L. Madoff was an affable, charismatic man who moved comfortably among power brokers on Wall Street and in Washington. He secured a long-standing role as an elder statesman on Wall Street...
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... rapidly spreading from one place to another in a matter of centuries, despite there being a cultural and language barrier. What makes religion so incredibly effective? Why is it that the concept has existed for literally as long as humanity has existed? What is the relationship between religion and culture? Are they two distinct entities, or are they two different manifestations of the same phenomenon? In order to answer these questions, first, a mutual platform must be developed and agreed upon, which will serve as the basis for development and proposal of arguments. First and foremost, this paper is a rational inquiry about the nature of religion, and as such this paper will establish arguments and analyze religion through the lens of rationality and science. This is not a paper about causality. The arguments developed here are built on the foundations of Objectivism, scientific realism, empirical analysis and strict adherence to logic. Furthermore, religion has to be rigorously defined. Such a definition, however, is difficult to establish. Religion, as stated above, is a global phenomenon that is as old, even older still, than written history. And so establishing a general definition for a phenomenon that has such a wide range of variety is challenging. Nonetheless, henceforth, religion shall be defined as any ideology that proposes supernatural causes as...
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...ESSAY “Biological theories of major personality traits have been highly speculative with at least as much disconfirming evidence as confirming” The first who attempt to describe personality traits was the ancient Greek philosopher- Aristotle, he identified three personality traits such as, modesty, bravery and vanity. He was followed by Hippocrates who provided the idea that physical illness it is caused by the balance of bodily fluids; such as blood, black bile, phlegm and yellow bile. He argued that if a person had an excess of black bile than that person would have a melancholic temperament; underlined by the feeling of depressed mood. Those with phlegmatic temperament were described by being very calm and those with sanguine temperament were confident ant optimistic. Another great philosopher who wrote about personality traits was the German Immanuel Kant, who argued the fact that there are four types of personality and those personality traits were underlined by how active the person was and his individual's feelings. These philosophers were focusing about types of personality and not the personality traits. Trait theorists are aiming to find the basic structure of personality and to produce reliable ways of measuring personality differences. Gordon Alport identified 18000 words of which 4500 described personality traits. Alport conceptualised human nature as normally being rational creative, active and self-reliant...
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...E Poole Beecham English 101 10059 19 April 2010 Genetic Testing Imagine choosing your daughter to have high intelligence. No one would fault the parents for giving their daughter this advantage for life. Parents can make the decision to use any safe drug or therapy to enhance their future children to make them smarter, better, stronger, to increase their intelligence, height, or other traits (Zane). Testing for medical tendencies to screen and reduce the possibility of future illness or diseases is now feasible. Genetic testing can enhance and improve lives with immeasurable benefits. The rewards of this testing outweigh any reservations. Genetic testing are examinations of blood and other tissues of the body that doctors in the medical field prepare to test for possible defects of the body. These DNA based tests generally involves direct examination of the DNA molecule itself and are very sophisticated techniques of testing genetic disorders in the bodies of human beings. Prenatal genetic testing with the procedure of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, or PGD is a technique whereby testing is performed of an approximate three-day-old embryo to confirm that it does not carry a particular disease or diseases (Naik). The test predicts, with variable confidence, what the possible medical problems will be in the future. Then the doctor implants this embryo, which is free of that syndrome, in the mother's womb. It appears to be relatively easy to check the DNA and eliminate...
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...30/11/2013 Rhetorical Analysis of Advice to a Friend on Choosing Mistress Advice to a Friend on Choosing Mistress is a letter written by Benjamin Franklin in June 25th 1745 to his friend. The speech of this letter is essentially communicated to single men. The author gave advices particularly to his friend on which type of woman he should date if he is not ready to get married. Franklin preceded his lustful consulting by an apology for the marriage, recalling his friend how much carnal pleasures are favourable in a legal and recognized union. In his message, Franklin advises his friend that marriage is the best solution not for only sexual desires but also the undisputable source of solid happiness. Having suspicions that his friend would not follow his guidance, Franklin recommends him to choose older mistresses instead of younger ones and lists eight valuables reasons to better support his argument. Franklin commences his essay by presenting advantages of the marriage. He says ‘’ I know of no medicine fit to diminish the violent inclinations you mention…Marriage is the proper remedy. It is most natural state of man and therefore the state in which you can are most likely to find solid happiness’’. Through those sentences, Franklin seems to estimate that from a masculine’ view, one of the main advantages of the marriage is to bring pacification toward requirements of the flesh. The recipient of the letter who was the friend of the author seemed to be looking for...
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...nursing and medicine daily. The conflicts between religious beliefs and medical science are especially challenging when the beliefs reject medical intervention. This scenario involves a 6 year old boy requiring hospitalization for meningitis. The physician has requested permission to proceed with a specific plan of care. Disagreement on the treatment offered, divorce without shared custody, and religious beliefs create an ethical dilemma. Ethical Dilemma The dilemma consists of medical treatment versus prayer without medical treatment. “Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord known as the meninges. The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord” (Centers for Disease Control and Intervention, 2014). Meningitis can be caused by bacteria, virus, fungi, parasites, or non-infectious means (CDC, 2014). The ethical dilemma here is whether to allow the mother to deny medical care to her son because of religious beliefs, or to proceed with the plan of care the physician recommends, and the father has agreed with. This dilemma is further complicated by the fact that the biological father is not the custodial parent, and is living in another state. The mother is the custodial parent, but not a biological parent. The biological father wants medical treatment for his son, and is seeking another physicians independent council in hopes of justifying the treatment...
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...HBR Article: Diamonds in the Data Mine March 31, 2010 By Gary Loveman This is a pretty nice and short yet highly effective article that outlines the importance of providing an exceptional customer service in today’s service industry, especially in the gaming industry as it is the case of Harrah’s Entertainment casino. Actually, from its inception, Harrah’s former CEO Phil Satre had instituted this policy of “changing Harrah’s from an operations-driven company that viewed each casino as a stand-alone business into a marketing-driven company that built customer loyalty to all Harrah’s properties”. In doing so, Satre asked Gary Loveman to head a strategy to affect this change in all Harrah’s organizations, and so Loveman did follow through on this task. He effectively focused on delivering customer service and on understanding and marketing effectively to the customer. This is the secret to Harrah’s success, which allows him and Harrah’s to maintain loyalty from its customers based on the database they had collected over the years, as they were able to identify their customers’ needs and wants as well as to have good reward and incentive programs in place to recognize their clientele according to the time and money they spend gambling over their facilities. Yet, for their workforce, Harrah’s instituted a bonus system tied to job satisfaction. “Rewards hinge on everyone’s performance at a casino- and on customer satisfaction, not a property’s financial performance”. Also...
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...Case Study Report Historical background of 99 Cents Only Store - One of the leading retailers in the discount sales industry - Opened in 1982 - 232 retail locations in 31-3-2006 - Mostly 164 in California, 36 in Texas, 21 in Arizona, 11 in Nevada - Selling food and beverages, health and beauty aids, cleaning supplies, house wares, hardware, stationary, toys, gifts, pet products and clothing Sources of suppliers - Purchases from over a thousand suppliers - E.g. General Electronic, Colgate-Palmolive, General Mills, Johnsons & Johnson, Protector & Gamble, Kraft, Nabisco, Unilever, etc. Features and practices of the Store - Majority of the products can be restocked regularly. - Close out merchandise, not available for reorder - Special opportunity: cost below wholesale Strategies for keeping down costs of the Store - By using information technology to be enable to grow - Obviously require far more computing power - IT budget : still low level ( not surpass USD 5 million) - Using database management software licenses - Family oriented and run company (Weakness) - Actual cost vs. business value to the company - Change Programming background: programming system as better option - Close out items: 40 % of the product ( flow through the inventory only once) Greatest challenges - Launching the company's new distribution centre in Texas - Tight time constraint - revising the warehouse management system - aggressive growth plans of the company by developing...
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...The Exportation of U.S. LNG: An Abundance of Shale and Construction of New Export Terminals Section 1: Introduction The shale boom experienced by the United States since the mid-2000s ushered in unprecedented production and reserves estimates of oil and gas in the lower 48 states. This sustained supply and production has been a result of technological advancement, particularly improved techniques in hydraulic fracturing, has kept prices for natural gas extremely low while crude oil prices have fluctuated and changed over time. One reason for this is the different nature of exportation in the two hydrocarbons. As will be discussed below, the transportation and exporting of natural gas is much different than for crude oil. Natural gas must undergo a liquefaction process in order to travel by specialized cargo ship, the alternative to a pipeline, which adds substantial costs to the activity. There are currently no operational natural gas export terminals in the lower 48 states, but a few are under construction. The large sunk costs will be a large part of our consideration of the exportation of natural gas. The U.S. has traditionally been a net importer of gas, and considering the high upfront costs of building export terminals, the sale of American gas has been isolated almost exclusively to the domestic market. The only exception to this has been to export natural gas only where existing pipelines can carry it, which has limited foreign export to North America....
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...THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system allows the animal to quickly detect, communicate and co-ordinate information about its external and internal environment so it can make efficient appropriate responses for survival and/or reproduction. The two major parts of our nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is made of the brain and spinal cord. The cranial nerves, spinal nerves and ganglia make up the PNS. The cranial nerves connect to the brain. The cranial and spinal nerves contain the axons (fibres) of sensory and motor nerve cells. Nerve cells areas are also known as neurons. Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. They carry information or impulses as electrical signals from one place to another in the body. There are 3 types of neurons: Sensory Neurons- Sensory neurons carry electrical signals (impulses) from receptors or sense organs to the CNS. Sensory neurons are also called afferent neurons. The cell body of sensory neurons is outside the CNS in ganglia. Motor Neurons- Motor Neurons Carry Impulses From The CNS To Effector Organs Motor Neurons Are Also Called Efferent Neurons. The Cell Bodies Of Motor Neurons Are Inside The CNS. Interneurons- These are also called intermediate, relay, or associative neurons. They carry information between sensory and motor neurons. They are found in the CNS. TOP The Structure of Neurons A Neuron consists of THREE MAIN PARTS: A. CELL...
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...Problems with IQ and Psychometric Assessment When diagnosing a child’s learning difficulties the IQ test and other forms of Psychometric Assessment continue to be used across the UK and elsewhere as an indication of a child's ‘intelligence’ and continue to be a key factor in special school placement. Colin Newton Inclusive Educational Psychologist Co Founder Inclusive Solutions December 2009 We have to provide an IQ score so that the CAHMS team can allocate their resources. They keep asking us.... (Principal Educational Psychologist - 2008- Unnamed UK Local Authority) How sad that what follows still needs to be written in 2008! Perhaps we all need a little reminder... The story so far... Intelligence testing began in earnest in France, when in 1904 psychologist Alfred Binet was commissioned by the French government to find a method to differentiate between children who were ‘intellectually normal and those who were inferior’. The purpose was to put the latter into special schools where they would receive more individual attention. In this way the disruption they caused in the education of intellectually normal children could be avoided. Sound a familiar argument? Such thinking was a natural development from Darwinism and the Eugenics movement that dates back to Sir Francis Galton in 1869 that famous scientific polymath who promoted the idea that for society to prosper the ‘weakest’ should not be allowed...
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...ABSTRACT Geert Hofstede's legendary national culture research is critiqued. Crucial assumptions which underlie his claim to have uncovered the secrets of entire national cultures are described and challenged. The plausibility of systematically causal national cultures is questioned. Introduction Do nations have cultures? Within each of the ‘management disciplines’ there is a significant literature which assumes that each nation has a distinctive, influential, and describable ‘culture’ As Hickson and Pugh declare: '[i]t ‘shapes everything’ (1995: 90). Other than a priori belief, what is the basis of claims that influential national cultures exist? What is the quality of the evidence appealed to? Frequently, within the management disciplines, the causal-national-culture accepting literature justifies its reliance on the notion of national culture by citing approvingly the work of Geert Hofstede who claims to have successfully 'uncover[ed] the secrets of entire national cultures' (1980b: 44). Whilst Anderson has vividly described nations as ‘imagined communities’ (1991) and Wallerstein states that he is ‘skeptical that we can operationalise the concept of culture ... in any way that enables us to use it for statements that are more than trivial’ (1990: 34), Hofstede claims to have identified the four (later five) 'main dimensions' of national culture along which countries can be hierarchically ordered (1980a, 1984, 1991). By 1998 he could confidently claim that the scale...
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