...Ethiopia`s development from famine to economic growth The classic theory of modernization has its origins in the 1950`s, a post-war period which challenged strategists to investigate the problems faced by the underdeveloped countries, in their attempt to provide aid programs and technological assistance and promote long-term economic growth and political stability. Typical traditional societies were analyzed in the processes through which they should develop into modern social structures by following an unidirectional path similar to the ones already tested by the Western societies. Several factors that contribute to the development of a modern society (including technological, economic, social, political, military and cultural innovations) were illustrated in many studies of this theory. The complexity of outcomes was generally overlooked, making necessary more than just the classic theory for a proper analysis of a country`s modernization. Thus, the Harvard Project, the most relevant study on the social and cultural aspects of development, emphasized that an ideal model can`t be defined, as the modern personality corresponds more to a desirable plan of modern society than to the contradictory nature of modern reality. Therefore, I will further seek to determine Ethiopia`s (one of the countries severely affected by famine for the last years) development in its process of modernization. Ethiopia has been plagued by famine going back to the 16th century. While climatic conditions...
Words: 2386 - Pages: 10
...famine and dying from it. One country in particular stands above all the rest looking back in history. Ethiopia, formerly known as Abyssinia in 3000 BC, when it became the first African nation, has hit its bottom and cannot get any worse. Famine, hunger, fear, and hopelessness are all emotions running through the average Ethiopian. The latest string of famine to strike was not to long ago. From 1983 to 1986, nearly 1.5 million Ethiopians died of starvation. That was the culmination of nearly two decades of famine that claimed more than seven million lives. Ethiopia was not the only African country to suffer from famine during these two decades. From around 1970 to 1987, all of northeastern Africa had gone through periods of drought. In the neighboring countries of Ethiopia, many other millions of lives were claimed, including the countries of Sudan, Chad, Yemen, and Somalia. Fortunately during this period of time, in these countries, farmers were able to produce enough crops to relieve some of the hunger and starvation. Everything in their power was done to help save the lives of others, and they even stored grain in case of future droughts. In Ethiopia, many other factors prevented the people from preparing for the unavoidable droughts. Many factors worked together with the drought conditions to make the situation even worse. As a result, Ethiopia did not just experience periods of famine between 1970 and 1987 like its neighbors, but instead it suffered...
Words: 1037 - Pages: 5
...2013 p.42). The failed US attack on an al-Shabaab Barawe stronghold and al-Shabaab’s subsequent deployment of beach defences are demonstrative of the advantages of operating out of al-Shabaab controlled ports and evidence of al-Shabaab’s ability to withstand attacks by foreign forces (Ahmed et al., 2013). When meeting with the pirates, al-Shabaab could ask for control of the AusAID/WFP food shipment and future pirate food hauls. Over 3 million people are reliant on aid in Somalia (Atwan, p.118) and the food could be used to restore Somali faith in al-Shabaab, lost after recent al-Shabaab attacks. Food supplies could provide incentive for recruitment to the al-Shabaab cause if distributed in Somalia, or in the Somali populated areas of Kenya and Ethiopia. Al-Shabaab would not meet with aid agencies such as the WFP. The WFP was ‘banned’ in 2009 as a result of negligent practices, where the flooding of food aid negated the Somali farmers’ opportunities to sell their harvest and ability to independently feed and establish themselves economically. Furthermore, al-Shabaab’s position towards aid agencies has been hostile since 2011 when it established the Office for Supervising the Affairs of Foreign Agencies and ‘banned’...
Words: 801 - Pages: 4
...Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya are in a crisis or an emergency. The Sahel region of Africa has been suffering from drought since the early 1980s. The land is marginal in Sahel regions over cultivation, overgrazing are human activities can lead to desertification especially when it is combined with drought. Drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall for a specific area, which leads to a shortage of water. A drought occurs when there in to enough rainfall to support people or crops. Sahel is in the Eco-climatic and bio-geographic zone stretch/transition between the Sahara desert (north) and the Sudanian Savannas (south). It is also located between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red sea. Covers parts of Senegal, southern Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, southern Algeria, northern Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, northern Ethiopia and Eritrea Annual rainfall is 200 mm in the north and 600 mm in the south on average. There are not enough wells to access water in the ground to provide irrigation when the rains fail. Since 1985, 77% of tree cover has been cut down, this reduces transpiration from plants and so means rain is less likely. Ethiopia is a very poor country, the 5th poorest in the world. The result of drought is soil erosion, famine, starvation. 60% export food .80% of the population rely on agriculture mainly in subsistence and rain-fed farming and livestock production. Despite this, more than 31 million Ethiopians don’t have enough nutritious food to eat. People...
Words: 1019 - Pages: 5
...he Current Problem of Famine in Africa This paper is about two African third world countries that have serious problems with hunger, Ethiopia and Sudan. Looking at the people, the land, and the history in each country, a comparison will be made about the causes and effects of famine. Famine in Ethiopia and Sudan is apparently due to ethics, politics, and global weather patterns, but the specific causes of famine in these two countries differ greatly. Famine has stricken both Ethiopia and Sudan very harshly, with many people dying of starvation and others just waiting to die from the horrible hunger. Starvation threatens 365,000 people in Sudan, with the numbers just increasing, with no sign that they will stop increasing either (Nelan, 20). The whole country of Sudan is going through these troubles, but the famine is having its biggest impact in the Southwest and the Northern areas of Sudan (Nelan, 22). Throughout the whole country, 2.5 million square miles of land are empty, without crops that could hold valuable food for the starving people in Sudan. Those numbers are almost nothing compared to the country of Ethiopia though. It is estimated that in Ethiopia there are 4.6 million people starving or currently dead (www.news). Part of this is due to the fact that their crops became stunted drastically with the elongated dry season and an exceptionally short rainy season (www.news). All of these things make people miserable so they are forced to focus on other things to...
Words: 1603 - Pages: 7
...The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia September 7, 2012 Currently, various countries in the world are faced with many serious issues, and these problems can make countries collapse. According to Jared Diamond (2011), who is a professor of Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles, “There are four frameworks that cause societies to collapse, consisting of human impacts on the environment and climate change, declining relations with friendly neighbors, relations with hostile societies, and society’s responses to their problems”. Ethiopia is one of the East African countries that is now facing with various national problems, which can be clearly explained by all of Jared Diamond’s frameworks. Ethiopia has a significantly high risk of collapsing in the very near future. One of the most critical factors that Ethiopia faces is the various environmental catastrophes, which deals with the first framework that Jared Diamond has pointed out. According to the Embassy of The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2012), most of the land in Ethiopia is highlands, grasslands, deserts with only a few rivers, and Ethiopia is a landlocked country. Therefore, Ethiopia has lacked adequate of water resources. Moreover, Ethiopia is faced with human impacts on the environment such as deforestation, soil erosion, desertification, and water shortages in some areas (“CIA The World Factbook,” 2012). ...
Words: 2883 - Pages: 12
...proposed three Food Pantries are as follows. These are estimated costs based on other similar programs based out of neighboring countries or Ethiopian food supply organizations that are established in the same category as our proposed organization. The distribution costs include road transport to our facilities, storage costs of the supply, housing for distributors, and electricity. We would most likely require vehicular transport to each of our facilities from where we would also store food till they can be used and distributed to the needy families and people. One association we primarily focused on was the World Food Programme which supplies aid to many countries including Ethiopia. By viewing the 2011 annual report section for Ethiopian food security and distribution we were able to estimate a cost for distribution. The estimated cost for the food distribution is roughly around $500,000.00. The total cost was calculated by taking information supplied by WFP and their annual report, which consisted of a 3 year program which they signed with the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in 2007 and mainly with a breakdown of electricity cost, housing cost, vehicle purchase cost, and facility cost. We were able to also accounted for other costs for distribution such as housing for distributors, gas, transport cost, and electricity. We gathered this information from looking up costs from the 2011 annual report for WFP and real estate and property sales in Ethiopia, along side...
Words: 1137 - Pages: 5
...and the labour capacity of a family unit or individual. * Financial capital: the household’s access to money, which may be through savings or credit. * Social capital: attitude towards reciprocity within the community, between households or individuals, based on the confidence formed through social links. * Policies, institutions and organisations influence the access to necessary livelihood resources and affect production processes by creating conditional factors such as laws or services. It can be seen then, that these variables interact to shape how households or individuals carry out their livelihood strategies, which are simply the manner in which they develop their activities or obtain their means for living, their food or income, and thus, their capacity to satisfy their basic needs....
Words: 1006 - Pages: 5
...Kasetsart J. (Soc. Sci) 33 : 142 - 151 (2012) «. ‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ( —ߧ¡) ªï∑’Ë 33 : 142 - 151 (2555) Demand Analysis of Ethiopian Coffee in Japan Wolday Gebrehiwot1,* and Apichart Daloonpate2 ABSTRACT Ethiopia is the largest coffee producer in Africa. One of the major markets for Ethiopian coffee is Japan. This paper, therefore, analyzed the determinants of demand for Ethiopian coffee in the Japanese market. The Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model was used to estimate a system of expenditure share equations for Ethiopian coffee and its competitors. Quarterly time series data from 1988 to 2009 were obtained for the analysis. Empirical results indicated that most of the slope coefficients were statistically significant and in accordance with microeconomic theory. The demand for Ethiopian coffee was determined by its price, price of substitutes, the contamination dummy variable, and total expenditure in the Japanese market. Ethiopian coffee demand was found to be elastic and this has an implication in pricing policy. Keywords: Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS), expenditure share, coffee, Ethiopia, Japan ∫∑§—¥¬àÕ ‡Õ∏‘‚Õ‡ªï¬‡ªìπª√–‡∑»ºŸº≈‘µ°“·ø√“¬„À≠à∑ ¥ â ’Ë ÿ „π∑«’ª·Õø√‘°“ Àπ÷Ëß„πµ≈“¥À≈—°¢Õß°“·ø®“° ‡Õ∏‘ ‚ Õ‡ªï ¬ §◊ Õ ª√–‡∑»≠’Ë ªÿÉ π ß“π«‘ ®— ¬ π’È ∑”°“√ «‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ªí ® ®— ¬ ∑’Ë ‡ ªì π µ— « °”Àπ¥Õÿ ª ß§å ° “·ø®“° ‡Õ∏‘‚Õ‡ªï¬„πµ≈“¥≠’˪ÿÉπ ‚¥¬„™â·∫∫®”≈ÕßÕÿª ß§å ‡™‘ ß ‡ â π „°≈â ¡∫Ÿ √ ≥å „ π°“√ª√–¡“≥√–∫∫ ¡°“√ à«π·∫àß§à“„™â®à“¬ ”À√—∫°“·ø®“°‡Õ∏‘‚Õ‡ªï¬·≈–...
Words: 5325 - Pages: 22
...President Siad Barre was overthrown in 1991. Years of fighting between rival warlords and an inability to deal with famine and disease have led to the deaths of up to one million people. Comprised of a former British protectorate and an Italian colony, Somalia was created in 1960 when the two territories merged. Since then its development has been slow. Relations with neighbours have been soured by its territorial claims on Somali-inhabited areas of Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti. In 1970 Mr Barre proclaimed a socialist state, paving the way for close relations with the USSR. In 1977, with the help of Soviet arms, Somalia attempted to seize the Ogaden region of Ethiopia, but was defeated thanks to Soviet and Cuban backing for Ethiopia, which had turned Marxist. In 1991 President Barre was overthrown by opposing clans. But they failed to agree on a replacement and plunged the country into lawlessness and clan warfare. Continue reading the main story At a glance * Scene of Africa's worst humanitarian crisis: aid agencies warn that millions face starvation * No effective government since 1991 * Islamist militia and UN-backed transitional government compete for control of country * The self-proclaimed state of Somaliland and the region of Puntland run their own affairs Country profiles compiled by BBC Monitoring In 2000 clan elders and other senior figures appointed Abdulkassim Salat Hassan president at a conference in Djibouti. A transitional government...
Words: 791 - Pages: 4
...The principle of humanity, the principle of impartiality, the principle of neutrality, the principle of independence , the principle of voluntary, the principle of Unity, and lastly the principle of Universality. The film Beyond Borders follows Sarah Bauford (Angelina Jolie), Nick Callahan (Clive Owen), and a small group of aid relief volunteers working throughout a few of the world’s most volatile areas. This films greatest lesson is showing the existing needs of many people and how there are few who are there to help and trying to make a difference. This film exemplifies the most important of the principles of humanitarianism in a very complex way. In the film many of the characters exemplify the principle of humanity in both positive and negative ways. The principle states that the movements goal is to “prevent and alleviate human suffering” by promoting “understanding, friendship, cooperation, and lasting peace.” At the beginning of the film Nick Callahan storms into the aid relief international’s black and white ball, and although he is attempting to plead with the people to try to help prevent and alleviate the ongoing human suffering in Ethiopia, he goes about it in a very negative way. While berating the people at the ball he destroyed any mutual understanding between them and he creates human suffering by putting Jojo (Keelan Anthony) in conditions he is not use to and cannot survive in....
Words: 948 - Pages: 4
...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the Study In Ethiopia, all Non-Government Organizations (NGO’s) have to make strategic choices regarding their resources by identifying priority activities, donor’s interest & Government and Charities and Societies (ChSA) reporting requirement. Even within the Civil Society Organization (CSO) itself, the different departments compete for resources with maximum approved ceilings and having in place a good financial management system is expected to provide needed tools in order to make timely decisions on fund allocation as well as monitoring performance that adhere to the reporting requirements set by Donors and Government. The financial processes of recording, planning, monitoring and controlling have to be done on an ongoing basis in conjunction with other functions of the organization for maximum impact to achieve the objectives of the organization. With the increase in the number of CSO’s operating in Ethiopia and to address the need for a regulatory body, in 2009 the Ethiopia Government issued Proclamation No. 621/2009. This proclamation provides procedures for the Registration and Regulation of Charities and Societies there by establishing Charities and Societies Agency (ChSA) under the Ministry of Justice. Then Regulation No.168/2009 was issued by the...
Words: 802 - Pages: 4
...it was handed over to Ethiopia. Ever since then Eritrea has been battling many challenging issues. Transition: One of these challenges is its relations with the United States. Body: Main Point 1: US Relations/ Interest a. War on Terror / cooperation with Its relationship with the US is complicated. Up until 2005 the US sent around $60mil a year in assistance to Eritrea until the government told USAID to leave. Eritrea’s location near Somali and Sudan makes it a key ally in the war on terror. However, b. Possible rouge state designation / lack of cooperation Recently relations have worsened since an exiled Somali Islamist leader with ties to Al Qaeda was reported to be in the country conducting a conference in the capital city of Asmara. This resulted in the United States to threaten to add Eritrea to the rogue states list with Cuba, Iran, Sudan, Syria, and North Korea. This would have lead to crippling sanctions. Eritrea’s cooperation with Somali rebels has continued to be an issue with not only the US but most of the rest of the world. Transition: As bad as its relationship with the US is Eritrea’s relationship with its neighbors is much worse and has a very negative impact on the rest of the country. Main Point 2: National Considerations a. Relations with neighbors / Sudan/ Ethiopia Eritrea has been in a state of war in some way or another with one or more of its neighbors since its independence. It has fought with Sudan, Yemen, Ethiopia, and most recently Djibouti...
Words: 804 - Pages: 4
...Sophie Baker Pr Final paper Proposal: Description: This film is meant to highlight the specific challenge of living in America as an Ethiopian Immigrant. Since 2002, 17,221 children were adopted from Ethiopia. In addition, 134,547 Ethiopian immigrants were living in America in 2007. This film is intended to be a resource for adoptive parents and community members who work with immigrants. This includes schoolteachers, doctors, counselors, and employers. Background on Ethiopia: There are 90 individual languages spoken in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is broken down into different tribes. Each tribe has an individual language, But Amharic is the language that primary schools use. The music of Ethiopia is extremely diverse, with each of the country's 80 ethnic groups being associated with unique sounds. The main sport in Ethiopia is football(soccer). The best-known Ethiopia cuisine consists of various vegetable or meat side dishes and entrées, usually a wat, or thick stew, served atop injera, a large sourdough flatbread made of teff flour. One does not eat with utensils, but instead uses injera to scoop up the entrées and side dishes. Character: Radiet is 16 years old and has come to the states to get a better education and to have a family. She has been brought up without a family. Her dream is to have a good education and to explore another country. She is looking for a cultural change and value dimension through the different cultures. Interviewer: My interviewer...
Words: 1438 - Pages: 6
...Ethiopia is Africa’s oldest independent country and its second largest in terms of population with over 100 million inhabitants. Despite recent improvements, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest nations in the world. In 2016, Ethiopia is 148th about economy in Global Ranking, its economic freedom score is 51.5( no change) ( from http://www.heritage.org/index/country/ethiopia). In the last few decades, Ethiopia has faced fierce famine, drought, political instability and war. Peace has returned but the nation remains developmentally weak and more than 42 million Ethiopians do not have access to safe water. The aim of the paper is focusing on finding new sources of water to solve Ethiopia’s water problem. Two potential water sources are water harvesting and dam. In this report, the public acceptability of both water sources is compared. 1. Background The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Ethiopia was worth 55.61 billion US dollars in 2014. The GDP value of Ethiopia represents 0.09 percent of the world economy. GDP in Ethiopia averaged 15.70 USD Billion from 1981 until 2014, reaching an all time high of 55.61 USD Billion in 2014 and a record low of 6.93 USD Billion in 1994. GDP in Ethiopia is reported by the World Bank. It is seem that Ethiopia has a low GDP. Furthermore, The level of poverty in Ethiopia is extremely high. Ethiopia has the second largest population of all African countries and has only once, for a brief period of time, been occupied. One of Africa’s oldest independent...
Words: 1452 - Pages: 6
