...In 1986 members of the environmental activist group, London Greenpeace (unrelated to Greenpeace International), published a leaflet entitled “What’s wrong with McDonald’s: Everything they don’t want you to know”. The publication made critical allegations of global fast-food chain McDonald’s. Distributed to the public by hand and online, the leaflet was received by a global audience.The publication made the following allegations, stating that McDonald’s: • was complicit in Third World starvation; • bought from greedy rulers and elites and practices economic imperialism; • wasted vast quantities of grain and water; • destroyed rainforests with poisons and colonial invasions; • sold unhealthy, addictive fast food; • altered its food with artificial chemistry; • exploited children with its advertising; • was responsible for torture and murder of animals; • poisoned customers with contaminated meat; • exploited its workers and banned unions; • hid its malfeasance (Wolfson, 1999, p. 21). McDonald’s deemed the publication defamatory of their reputation. Defamation is the publication of an untrue statement which reflects a person’s reputation and tends to lower him in the opinion of right-thinking members of society generally (Finch, 2007, p. 168). Initially, the multinational corporation threatened various broadcasters and five active members of London Greenpeace withlegal action if they did not withdraw the allegations. Under s.2 of The Defamation Act 1996 the publisher...
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...Business Law & Ethics 2 October 2012 Defamation: Daphne Auto LLC v. Pensacola Motor Sales Defamation (defamation of character) is the tort of publication of a false statement of fact that causes injury to someone’s reputation or character. Defamation allegations can also be brought via a similar arena of portraying a false light which indicates false implications rather than definitive false statements (Citizens Media Law Project). Our case, an Alabama business lawsuit, Daphne Auto., LLC v. Pensacola Motors Sales, Inc. involves defamation in the form of slander. The case was filed January 1, 2010 in Circuit Court of Mobile County, Alabama. The litigants are Daphne Automotive, LLC d/b/a Eastern Shore Toyota and Shawn Esfahani, v. Pensacola Motor Sales, Inc. d/b/a Bob Tyler Toyota and its sales manager Fred Keener. The crux of the suit references defamatory statements made about Esfahani and Eastern Shore Toyota by Bob Tyler Toyota, its sales manager, Fred Keener, and its employees to potential customers regarding his birthplace, him being an Islamic terrorist, and that he was using his dealership to fund Taliban operations in Iraq. Mr. Esfahani learned of the alleged defamation against him from a couple that had previously purchased a vehicle from Bob Tyler Toyota but were now shopping to purchase a vehicle for the wife. The plaintiff in his pursuit petitioned the court to be awarded compensatory and punitive damages on three courses of actions (Daphne v Pensacola): ...
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...Food Marketing Policy Issue Paper Food Marketing Policy Issue Papers address particular policy or marketing issues in a non-technical manner. They summarize research results and provide insights for users outside the research community. Single copies are available at no charge. The last page lists all Food Policy Issue Papers to date, and describes other publication series available from the Food Marketing Policy Center. Tel (860) 486-1927 Fax (860) 486-2461 email: fmpc@canr1.cag.uconn.edu http://vm.uconn.edu/~wwware/ fmktc.html No. 17 October 1998 Jawboning Cereal: The Campaign to Lower Cereal Prices by Ronald W. Cotterill Food Marketing Policy Center University of Connecticut Food Marketing Policy Center, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Road, U-21, Storrs, CT 06269-4021 Jawboning Cereal: The Campaign to Lower Cereal Prices by Ronald W. Cotterill Abstract This article introduces the Forum by explaining the sequence of events related to the jawboning campaign and subsequent reductions in cereal prices. It also introduces the main issues on the vigor of competition and pricing that are analyzed in subsequent papers. Jawboning as a public policy strategy is assessed and found useful in certain circumstances such as those in the breakfast cereal industry in the mid 1990’s. The jawboning campaign was effective in advancing price competition in an industry that successfully resisted repeated antitrust...
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...Food Inc. documentary – notes Supermarkets and corn: • Grocery store tomatoes are picked green and then ripened with ethylene gas • Most people have no idea where their food comes from – food industry doesn’t want you to know the truth about what you are eating because if you did you might not eat it • The average grocery store has 47,000 products which makes it look like there is a large variety of choice – but it is an illusion – there are only a few major companies and a few major crops involved • Much of the processed food is just clever rearrangements of corn (eg. of the additives that are derived from corn: cellulose, saccharin, polydextrose, xanthan gum, maltodextrin, and high fructose corn syrup) • 30% of our land base in the US is used to grow corn because thanks to government policy farmers are paid to overproduce this easy-to-store crop • Farmers are producing so much corn that food scientists had to come up with uses for it – just like some of the additives listed above • Food scientist have also spent a lot of time reengineering our foods – so they last longer on grocery store shelves • 90% of the processed food products in the grocery store contain either a corn or soybean ingredient and most of the time they contain both (so you may be eating less variety than you think) • Animals, like cows and fish are fed with corn – because it is so cheap • Candy, chips and soda are cheaper at the supermarkets because the...
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...Kudler Fine Foods uses Anne Shousha as its legal counsel. Anne is Kathy Kudler’s sister-in-law and is a successful tax attorney working with a major accounting firm in San Diego, CA. Kathy is the only person in the company that talks with Anne. Other than a standing order that any "slip and fall" accidents are to be immediately reported to Kathy, each store manager is free to determine what legal issues need to be referred to Kathy. Once an issue is reported to Kathy, she will decide whether to ask Anne for advice. Generally, Kathy asks Anne for legal advice during informal telephone calls or at family gatherings. Occasionally, Anne will meet formally with Kathy and the attorneys for the store’s insurance carrier. So far, Anne has not been charging Kathy for the telephone calls and has only charged her $100 per hour for the formal meetings she has attended. Through this arrangement, Kathy has managed to keep the company’s legal expenses to a minimum.(University of Phoenix) According to Kudler Fine Foods intranet website, Kudler has had only few costumers’ accident that ended in litigation. In each case, Anne suggested that Kathy agree to a settlement. Kulder Fine Foods has no tracking written forms of their own legal forms, and it is the responsibility of their suppliers or the partners that Kotler’s dealing with to provide the legal documentation of transactions. Kudler uses a few customized forms are obtained from “off-the-shelf" and modified by Kathy or her assistant...
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...US/AZ Government-Pre-Test Section 1 of this examination contains 100 multiple-choice questions. Therefore, please be careful to fill in only the ovals that are preceded by numbers 1 through 100 on your answer sheet. After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, COMPLETELY fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. 1) The Preamble to the Constitution begins A) "We the People . . ." B) "Four score and seven years ago . . ." C) "When in the course of human events . . ." D) "In order to form a more perfect Union . . .” E) "These are the times that try men's souls . . .” 2) A social contract theory of government was proposed by A) Plato and Aristotle. B) Aquinas and Luther. C) Newton and the separatists. D) Locke and Hobbes. E) Plato and Luther. 3) Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government sets out a theory of A) the divine rights of kings. B) aristocracy. C) democracy. D) republicanism. E) natural rights. 4) Indirect democracy is based on A) consensus. B) unanimity. C) the system of government used in ancient Greece. D) representation. E) "mob rule." 5) Republics are A) representative democracies. B) direct democracies. C) a hallmark of unitary governments. D) frequently found in totalitarian regimes. E) another name for states. 6) Who was the major author of the Declaration of Independence? A) George...
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...warranties, may also be considered negligence actions, but there is frequently a significant overlay of additional lawful content. Intentional torts include, among others, certain torts arising from the occupation or use of land. The tort of nuisance, for example, involves strict liability for a neighbor who interferes with another's enjoyment of his real property. Trespass allows owners to sue for entrances by a person (or his structure, such as an overhanging building) on their land. Several intentional torts do not involve land. Examples include false imprisonment, the tort of unlawfully arresting or detaining someone, and defamation (in some jurisdictions split into libel and slander), where false information is broadcast and damages the plaintiff's reputation. In some cases, the development of tort law has spurred lawmakers to create alternative solutions to disputes. For example, in...
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...cruelty to animals, are 'antipathetic' to unionization and pay their workers low wages. But Helen and Dave failed to prove all the points and so the Judge ruled that they HAD libelled McDonald's and should pay 60,000 pounds damages. They refused and McDonald's knew better than to pursue it. In March 1999 the Court of Appeal made further rulings that it was fair comment to say that McDonald's employees worldwide "do badly in terms of pay and conditions", and true that "if one eats enough McDonald's food, one's diet may well become high in fat etc., with the very real risk of heart disease." As a result of the court case, the Anti-McDonald's campaign mushroomed, the press coverage increased exponentially, this website was born and a feature length documentary was broadcast round the world. The legal controversy continued. The McLibel 2 took the British Government to the European Court of Human Rights to defend the public's right to criticize multinationals, claiming UK libel laws are oppressive and unfair that they were denied a fair trial. The court ruled in favor of Helen and Dave: the case had breached their their rights to freedom of expression and a fair trial. Who said ordinary people can't change the world? McLIBEL STORY Handing out leaflets on the streets was one of...
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...SM 101 Environmental Science VIDEO: Food, Inc. © 2008 by Magnolia Home Entertainment Quoted from the outer case of the DVD – “Food, Inc. lifts the veil on our nation’s food industry, exposing how our nation’s food supply in now controlled by a handful of corporations that often put profit ahead of consumer heath, the livelihood of the American farmer, the safety of workers and our own environment. Food, Inc. reveals surprising – and often shocking truths – about what we eat, how it’s produced and who we have become as a nation.” Please answer the following questions while watching Food, Inc. 1. Approximately how many products are available in the average American grocery store? 47,000 products 2. In what decade did “drive-ins,” the original fast food restaurants, appear on the American landscape? 1930’s 3. What fast food restaurant brought the factory system, or assembly line, to food preparation? McDonald Brothers (McDonalds) 4. Who is the largest purchaser of ground beef in the United States? McDonalds 5. Who is the largest purchaser of potatoes in the United States? Mcdonalds 6. The top 4-5 producers of beef controlled only __25_% of the market in the 1970s, and _80__% of the market today. 7. In the 1950s, it took 70 days to raise a chick to a chicken. Today, it takes only 48 days. How is this possible? Redesigned the chicken to be bigger, all birds coming off the line have to be about the same size. Tyson owns the chickens...
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...its social effects and analogies in other fields, it is the sociologist George Ritzer who coined the phrase in his book "The Mcdonaldization of Society" (Ritzer, 1996). In his book, which he describes as a work in social criticism, Ritzer analyses the particular ways in which the success of the American hamburger chain has impacted upon not only economic patterns, but in particular on a multitude of facets of social life in general. Basing his analysis on Max Weber's theory of rationalisation, he draws on extensive empirical and anecdotal data to trace these influences. Mention have been made of the fact that the pattern of rationalisation which is so very patently typified by McDonald's, is by no means restricted to the domain of the fast-food market. In fact, in the modern society the first real representative of this wave is probably the supermarket, which came to the fore as a replacement for the corner store and has since itself been superseded by all sorts of hypermarkets. Also in the world of entertainment and healthcare, similar developments have taken place. As far as the first is concerned, video shop chains and Disneyland are pertinent examples, while nobody who has been to a private hospital or medical centre lately, needs to be reminded that the much idealised house doctor has been irretrievably replaced by a much more streamlined, effective, all-encompassing, but, alas, also a much more impersonal system of health care. The growing importance of the Internet, and...
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...recommendations you would make to improve the effectiveness of that communication. A: Summary: A communication strategy involves the formulation of a desired position for the organization in terms of how it wants to be seen by its different stakeholder groups. The content of a communication strategy is influenced by the process by which it is formed and by the different individuals and layers in the organization who have had a stake in it (Cornelissen, 2014). When an incident arises that has the possibility of attracting public or media attention, it is important for an organization to be prepared in regards to their stance regarding the issue. For the purposes of this exercise, an example will be referenced regarding a press release from Whole Foods Market. This combination style external communication is a well-written example of an informative as well as a persuasive communication strategy that addresses the termination of business relations with an overseas contracted supply company, NatureCo. In this simulated scenario, NatureCo has been revealed as an organization that is not providing a safe working environment or reasonable work hours for its employees. The document has a target audience of the communities in which it operates, along with the...
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...unable to directly affect the external factors facing it, a conglomeration of companies can exert some pressure on these factors, particularly any political factors through the intelligent use of political lobbying. Proper understanding of these factors allows the organisation to highlight areas of business opportunity when combined with proper understanding of the business’ strengths, and also potential threats to the business when combined with a proper understanding of the firm’s weaknesses (Baines et al, 2011). Thus, for effective strategic planning, analysis of the external factors is the most important step before performing an analysis of the business’ intrinsic strengths and weaknesses through a SWOT analysis. Political The fast food industry is often a target for government initiatives aimed at improving health and reducing obesity, particularly in European countries. In 2003, after the publication of a report by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) on the link between general levels of salt intake among the UK population and heart...
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...is the probability that an actual return on an investment will be lower than the expected return; the probability that due to a certain hazard in food there will be a negative effect to a certain magnitude. Liability on the other hand refers to fault; the person who is at fault is liable legally to another because of his or her actions or failure to act. It also describes some form of obligation or responsibility, it represents an outstanding debt, product or services that have yet to be provided or acknowledgment of responsibility and payment provided for damage caused through actions or negligence. Liability risk can arise from an intentional act or omissions that result in harm or injury to another person or damage to the person’s property. Liability risk can result in suits against an individual and or resident of the individual’s household for actual or imagines bodily injury and or property damage to a third party. Each person has a certain legal rights. A legal wrong is a violation of a person’s legal right, or a failure to perform a legal duty owed to a certain person or the society as a whole. Examples of legal wrongs are: A Crime, which is a legal wrong against society that is punishable by fines, imprisonment, or death. A breach of contract is another legal wrong. Finally a tort is a legal wrong for which the law allows a remedy in the form of money damages. The person who is injured or harmed is the plaintiff or claimant by the actions of another person (called...
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...LST2LBA: Law of Business Association Semester 3- 2012 Student’s Name: Wu Tingting Student’s ID: wuttd101 QUESTION 1 Legal Issue: 1. Whether Toan has eligible to bid at this auction 2. At this auction. Toan represent company or individual 3. whether Toan has breach of the government’s policy and laws containing that policy Relevant Rules of Law No matter how many shareholder exist in a company, there is a Under S119 separate legal entity between the company and its member. Like the case Saloman v Saloman& Co Ltd. Under S119 a company comes into existence as a body corporate at the beginning of the day on which it is registered with the name specified in its certificate of registration. Under S124 a company has the legal capacity and power of an individual both in and outside this jurisdiction. Four consequences from separate legal entity 1. there is a distinction between private and company debt. 2. there is a distinction between private and company assets. 3. a company can contract with its member. 4 a company can be liable in tort to a member. A company is recognised as a separate legal entity, it is possible for the ,members of a compang to enjoy limited liability. Put anotherway- the doctrine of separate legal entity. The liabili belong to the company and in a limited liaility company, the members’ liability is limited to the amount unpaid on the shares or the amount of the guarantee given by the member...
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...“A reputation once broken may possibly be repaired, but the world will always keep their eyes on the spot where the crack was.” -Joseph Hall I. Background Analysis There are as many brands in the world as there are stars in the sky. They’re innumerable. However, no matter how many they are, there are those stars that shine the most. This is also the case for the brands in the world. Only a few are able to stand in the international arena. Some try to venture into the world market. However, those brand either don’t last long or they’re devoured by the competition. It is never easy to go international. The world’s top brands were started by normal people with extraordinary determination. And if you don’t have the kind of determination they do, then it’s best for you not to be too adventurous. A few of the brands that dominate the world are Nike, American Express, Samsung, Coca- Cola, Apple, Marlboro, Louis Vuitton, Toyota, Mcdonald’s, and many more. These brands didn’t become what they are overnight. As some would say, “Rome wasn’t built in a day.” They had to overcome hardships beyond whatever you and I can fathom but that didn’t stop them. For John Pemberton who concocted the formula we now call “Coke”, the 9 bottle per day he sold didn’t stop him from continuing his business. Today they sell 1.6 billion servings every day. Samsung started as a grocery store when Lee Byung-chul opened Samsung Sanghoe in 1938. The business grew and became successful and...
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