...Minelik Sisay 11/13/12 Professor Greene Pettus Bridge as a Place of Memory Selma, Alabama became the focus of the Civil Rights Movement as activists, such as John Lewis and Dr. King, worked to register black voters. Martin Luther King’s voter registration movement worked on a city-by-city approach, gathering national attention. Other civil rights leaders, such as John Lewis and William Hosea, worked more locally in the most dangerous areas of the Deep South for African-Americans. While both worked to register voters, King’s method is better characterized as an attempt to change the public discourse about race in this country, while John Lewis’ method attempted to change public action. Led by John Lewis and William Hosea, “Bloody Sunday” occurred as a result of the fight for freedom and equality. In order to make some headway against centuries of legally sanctioned racism and discrimination, the United States government began to promote and support the Civil Rights Movement. The relatively scarce attention the march in US history textbooks is quite disappointing in a sense that it illustrates an event that is not fully depicted. The battle fought on the bridge, in a way, is being fought till this day. Voter registration laws, though not as harsh as Jim Crow literacy tests, create barriers that restrict minorities from having the opportunity to vote. By surveying a few of the patterns of inequality that still prevail in many sectors of American society, this essay will explore...
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...Joey Bigelow Mr. Franks. 5-20-11 THE POWER OF AMERICA There are many reasons that America became the most powerful country in the world. Its because of hard work put through for years that makes our country unique from another. We have fought and earned our power that we have today. Our military, freedom, our education is why we have such a powerful country. Our military is the strongest in the world. Our military’s power began in world war two and from then on out the military has prospered. When we helped defeat the German army, we showed our power to the world because we had defeated the most evil man is the world, saving around several thousand jews. We have been involved in many other battles and wars, like Vietnam. Even though we didn’t succeed in winning, we showed the world how relentless we are to help anyone in need and that we wont stand down, by fighting in a war and loosing over 58 thousand American soldiers. These wars have made our military become the most skilled and technologically advanced in the world. We have an army, navy, and an air force that are patrolling and protecting America twenty-four hours a day. We are always under protection and it makes the people of America comfortable. It allows the people to live without fear unlike other countries that live with the fear of dying everyday. We are very fortunate to have a military that is on the frontlines everyday to keep us out of harms way and to keep America progressing every day to new heights...
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...millionaires per capita to have ever existed. In order to understand the full spectrum of such a monumental racial issue, not only must case to case examples be explored; but also the demographics of these generations, socially and economically. The United State’s industrial beginnings were fueled by slavery, over generations of struggle, and unimaginable stories of Africans, it has finally been constitutionally bound, amended, and re-amended, that the nation of the United States will provide freedom and equality, and that no man or woman will be owned by another. Every ounce of this freedom was earned, fought for, and wept over, by great Africans and white abolitionists that cared more for their brothers and sisters futures than themselves. African-Americans created their own freedom, it is illustrated and proven by great Africans who rose to eloquently convince, fiercely battle through the bloodiest war on American Soil, passionately illustrate deep humanity, and patiently march forward for freedom, taking action, and creating equality. Dr. Robert Francis Engs is a well-loved historian, a graduate from Princeton and Yale, and revered professor proclaims in his own words, “THE SLAVES FREED THEMSELVES.”1 Dr. Engs has compiled a database that holds primary source documents that provide deep insight to the real state of affairs in both the north and south. Letters going back and forth and primary addresses on the state of affairs in various regions illustrate the complexities of debate...
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...A Civil War The Civil War was arguably the darkest moment in the history of America. For the first time brother fought brother and The Union had to fight to stay whole. Southern states believed in their right to own slaves and though Lincoln formally addressed that he would not interfere with that right, the southern population believed that Lincoln’s election would be, “the greatest evil that has ever befallen this country.” This wedge driven squarely at the Mason-Dixon line tore the United States in two, one half believing in slavery while the other half strongly opposing it. The social tensions between the north and the south began with the election of 1860. The south favored J. C. Breckenridge, while the north favored Abraham Lincoln. Anyone who knows anything about history knows that Lincoln won the 1860 election and became our 16th president. This enraged the south due to Lincoln’s view that slavery should not spread to the un-unionised territories, and so South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded from the union shortly after the election. This created a huge communal deviation, as former kinsmen, now turned foe, were locked in combat - The Union of the north and the Confederacy of the south. At the start of the war, no African Americans were allowed to fight for either side. A law passed in 1862, however, allowed them to fight for northern states, though after the war a larger scale enlistment process was implemented for...
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...A Civil War The Civil War was arguably the darkest moment in the history of America. For the first time brother fought brother and The Union had to fight to stay whole. Southern states believed in their right to own slaves and though Lincoln formally addressed that he would not interfere with that right, the southern population believed that Lincoln’s election would be, “the greatest evil that has ever befallen this country.” This wedge driven squarely at the Mason-Dixon line tore the United States in two, one half believing in slavery while the other half strongly opposing it. The social tensions between the north and the south began with the election of 1860. The south favored J. C. Breckenridge, while the north favored Abraham Lincoln. Anyone who knows anything about history knows that Lincoln won the 1860 election and became our 16th president. This enraged the south due to Lincoln’s view that slavery should not spread to the un-unionised territories, and so South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded from the union shortly after the election. This created a huge communal deviation, as former kinsmen, now turned foe, were locked in combat - The Union of the north and the Confederacy of the south. At the start of the war, no African Americans were allowed to fight for either side. A law passed in 1862, however, allowed them to fight for northern states, though after the war a larger scale enlistment process was implemented for...
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...The Importance of Military Professionals to Study Military History SGM United States Army Sergeants Major academy Class SGM March 28, 2011 Abstract Studying military history is essential for our military professions. Military history tells us a great deal about our countries past conflicts and gives us a better understanding of how we operated in them. It tells us what Soldiers had to face in the different wars and conflicts our forces have been engaged in. From the Soldier’s on the beaches of World War II, to the foot patrol in the streets of Mosul, Iraq. Military history enables us to understand how the military used a tactics, techniques and procedure (TTP’s) to fight in the past conflicts. Military history has a strong heritage that should be studied by our soldiers in our professional development courses. ARGUMENTIVE ESSAY SGM Ricky A. Nottingham Class 37 Today’s Non Commission Officer and Officers alike should take time out of their schedule to study military history. Through the studies of military history all should learn way the past could apply to the battle fields of today. Conflicts have been won and lost throughout military history. The tactics, techniques and procedure (TTP’s) applied in today battle field have been developed from lessons learned from the past. Today’s leadership must have a board knowledge of tactics and understanding of the environments they are in. they must have a understanding of the culture they are going against. We...
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...jesse perez 1.1 Converging Cultures Area 1 investigates how social orders in North America have changed over the long run and how European provinces created. A huge number of years before Christopher Columbus and other European wayfarers set foot in America, Native Americans started planting and raising products. When of Columbus started his voyages in the late fifteenth century, an extensive variety of developments and dialects existed in North America. When wayfarers discovered that Columbus had come to new grounds, other European investigations started to scan for new domain. New pioneers hoped to subjugated Africans to help ranch. The brutal treatment of the Africans was a sharp difference to the lives of the advantaged. While subjugated...
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...My first argument is that monuments can never be neutral, they always mean or represent something. The word monument itself derives from the Latin word monere, meaning to remind and instruct. In terms of the Confederate monuments, they are making a political statement about the Confederacy in Civil War. Even though it was the side that lost, the ideologies that the Confederacy stood for have been carried through into modern day southern America, and this has been represented in the monuments that honour the dead Confederate soldiers and leaders. This means that the public space they are in is no longer public, it is claimed by the belief or viewpoint that the monument represents. To be public means to concern the people as a whole, to be seen...
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...USA 4. Cert (UK): 12A 5. Runtime: 150 mins 6. Directors: Steven Spielberg 7. Cast: Daniel Day-Lewis, David Strathairn, Hal Holbrook, James Spader, John Hawkes, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Lee Pace, Sally Field, Tommy Lee Jones 8. More on this film Mississippi's tardiness has been put down to an oversight that was only corrected after two academics embarked on research prompted by watching Lincoln, Steven Spielberg's Oscar-nominated film about president Abraham Lincoln's efforts to secure the amendment. Dr Ranjan Batra, a professor in the department of neurobiology and anatomical sciences at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, saw Spielberg's film and wondered about the implementation of the 13th amendment after the Civil War. He discussed the issue with Ken Sullivan, an anatomical material specialist at UMC, who began to research the matter. Sullivan, a longtime resident of the Mississippi, remembered that a 1995 move to ratify the 13th amendment had passed the state Senate and House. He tracked down a copy of the bill and learned that its last paragraph required the secretary of state to send a copy to the office of the...
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...The Resilience of the Railroad Industry Lindsay Millar, Jessica Settlecowski & Mike Gawel MGT 674 March 23, 2013 The history and resilience of the railway industry is rather remarkable as it has helped shape the landscape and the formation of the United States. Railways allowed colonies to settle in the West and the country suddenly became connected from coast to coast. This encouraged the exchange of goods and stimulated the development of towns and communities along track lines. Soldiers were shipped directly to the forefront of battleground lines and supplied with a constant flow of ammunition. Most importantly, trains were the steam engine that fueled the industrial revolution. The railway industry’s history is rich with experience and wise with age, as it has survived many seemingly insurmountable obstacles, including: the Great Depression, civil war, the advent of automobiles and airplanes and federal regulation. Federal regulation took the largest toll on the industry as it restricted the ability of the industry to adapt to future demands and market requirements. The growth of rail was stunted by 100 years of federal regulation and since the Staggers Act of 1980 which led to deregulation, the industry has been struggling to recover. After the implementation of the Staggers Act the industry has undergone serious reconstruction which has increased the overall performance and reliability of rail. As service levels improve the demand for low rates and large capacity...
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...Tiananmen Square Protest of 1989 The photograph known as “Tank Man” was taken by Jeff Widener but also four other known photographers took a photo of the same man that all encompass one thing, rebellion, against oppression and against the will to succumb. The photo portrays a man blocking the path of tanks as they try to leave Tiananmen Square. The Tiananmen Square protest of 1989 was a series of protests that started out with students in China mourning the loss of communist leader Hu Yaobang in and near Tiananmen Square in Beijing. Students began to congregate in and outside of Tiananmen Square in mid April on the day of Hu Yaobang’s death. Over a period of nearly two months the people protested for political reform, conducted hunger strikes and made monuments in spirit of overthrowing the government but they were defeated on June 4th when The People’s Liberation Army stepped in to take control of the square. They were told by China’s leaders to clear out the square which escalated into a ruthless massacre of China's citizens. The Tiananmen Square Protest of 1989 was a cultural backlash that sought to better the state of China but instead led to a slaughter of its citizens in which the voice of its people was ignored. The death of one man, who had many great ideals and hopes for his country, created one of the largest acts of military brutality against civilians seen in the last two decades. That man was Hu Yaobang. Hu Yaobang was General Secretary of the State for the communist...
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...Samurai Warrior Few countries have a warrior tradition as long and exciting as Japan. It is a tradition found in the Samurai, the loyal and self-sacrificing knight of ancient Japan. The Samurai is a valiant warrior who can both appreciate the beauty of nature in that of a rose blossom but will also kill or die for his master in an instant. This well-rounded warrior was the ruling class of Japan for almost seven hundred years. He fought for control of his country and to keep Japan free from outside influences. (Turnbull 1) This aristocratic warrior class arose during the 12th century wars between the Taira and Minamoto clans and was consolidated in the Tokugawa period. Samurai were privileged to wear two swords, and at one time had the right to cut down any commoner who offended them. They cultivated the martial virtues, indifference to pain or death, and unfailing loyalty to their overlords. Samurai were the dominant group in Japan. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the samurai were removed from direct control of the villages, moved into the domain castle towns, and given government stipends. They were encouraged to take up bureaucratic posts. The Hagakure, has been dubbed the book of the samurai. It was written after a century of peace around 1716. It came to be the guide of samurai ethics until the end of the feudal period. Its short passages reflect and outline the qualities that make a samurai. Yamamoto Tsunetomo expresses in the hagakure the framework and mindset of being...
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...between rural and urban life were to disappear, opening up the way for unlimited development of human potential. Based on the 1848 publication ‘Communist Manifesto’ by two German political philosophers, Karl Max and his close associate Friedrich Engels, it envisaged common ownership of all land and wealth and the withering away of the power of the state. Max and Engels believed that capitalism (private ownership of all property) should be diminished and that uneven distribution of wealth and resources should be diminished as well. This belief was thought to create a utopian society. This belief of a capitalist free society and rather communistic is called Marxism. Marxism is the theory behind communism, while communism is the practical movement. It is though this utopian society, which the difference between rich and poor would be abolished and everyone is equal. Soon after the...
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...Critique of Nonviolent Politics From Mahatma Gandhi to the Anti-Nuclear Movement by Howard Ryan (howard@netwood.net) Preface 2 Part I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Problems of Nonviolent Theory Nonviolent Philosophy 6 Moral View: Violence Itself Is Wrong 9 Practical View: Violence Begets Violence 13 Nonviolent Theory of Power 21 Voluntary Suffering 24 Common Nonviolent Arguments 34 A Class Perspective 49 Part II 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gandhi: A Critical History Father of Nonviolence 56 Satyagraha in South Africa 59 Textile Strike 66 Noncooperation Movement 1919-22 70 Religious Conflicts 80 Salt Satyagraha 87 Congress Ministries 97 The War Years 101 Independence and Bloodshed 111 Part III 17 18 19 20 Nonviolence in the Anti-Nuclear Movement Nonviolent Direct Action 120 Consensus Decision Making 123 Open, Friendly, and Respectful 136 Civil Disobedience 142 Epilogue 151 Notes 154 ©2002 by Howard Ryan. All rights reserved. Readers have my permission to use and distribute for non-profit and educational purposes. Critique of Nonviolent Politics 2 Preface (2002) Critique of Nonviolent Politics may be the only comprehensive critique of nonviolent theory that has been written. I wrote it between 1980 and 1984, while living in Berkeley, California. Since 1977, I had been active in the movement against nuclear power and weapons which, in California, focused its protests at the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant near San Luis Obispo, and at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore Labs where...
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...THE BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN (causes and effects) Susan Adams Morgan History 4414-XTIA October 3, 2015 Dr. Mickey Crews Troy University The Battle of the Little Bighorn On a hot dusty June 25th day in 1876, one of the most famous battles in American history would take place along a four-mile stretch of the Little Bighorn River in the Black Hills in southeastern Montana. This battle was also known as Custer’s Last Stand by the American people and the Native Americans knew the battle as the Battle of Greasy Grass. There are many different reasons that this one battle was so famous. It is because it would be the last great battle that the Native Americans would win and it would be the last great battle that George Armstrong Custer would lose. Why did this battle even have to take place? The area where this battle took place was in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Exactly why were the Black Hills of South Dakota so important to the United States that they would violate the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 and sacrifice so many lives for? The principal antagonists were the Seventh Regiment of Cavalry of the United States Army which was under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, and a number of nomadic Indian tribes—Cheyenne, Sans Arcs, Miniconjoux Sioux, Oglala Sioux, Blackfeet, and Hunkpapa Sioux—under the general direction of Sioux Chief Sitting Bull, at least for the duration of the battle[i]. The United States...
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