...revenue by many “global” multinationals is confined to a region as opposed to the entire world, and second the similar market environment within certain region makes regionalization much more practical than globalization. First, Revenue generation in terms of geographic location is limited to specific regions or area, oftentimes geographically proximate regions. Rugman’s research uses the term home country to refer to the phenomenon that the home country diamond among countries in the same region is more similar to one another than the diamonds between a country in home country region and foreign country region. Therefore, adjacent markets are more likely to be similar to one another in in terms of business environment than home and foreign markets. More specifically, referring to the table 1 in the Rugman’s research, amongst fortune 500 firms, many have much higher intra-regional sales than foreign sales. This means that truly global, having penetrated the global market, multinationals are not common. Second, similar market environment within certain regions makes the exchange of products and services take place within a region than around the world. Based on the double diamond framework, the implication is that there are primary factors that affect a corporation’s market expansion: factor condition (resources), demand condition (customers), government condition and supporting industries (supply chains). If these primary factors share lack of commonality, it is unlikely for the...
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...ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY A STUDY ON PRINTING INDUSTRY – INDIA S. Maheswari PhD Research Scholar Dept. of Labour Studies Madurai kamaraj university Madurai. Tamilnadu – India. maheswarisakthivel@gmail.com Introduction: Environmental Sustainability is the next great challenge that India faces along its path to development. The report, that was released by Dr. Prodipto Ghosh, Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests, at a national-level workshop in New Delhi, says that owing to high population density, India’s rapidly growing economy will put unprecedented pressures on its environment and natural resources – land, water, air, soil, and forests. These pressures are projected to become the highest in the world by 2020. Environmental Sustainability is likely to become the next great challenge along India’s development path. Environmental institutions are improving. Impressive environmental awakening and good practice initiatives by various companies are taking place. The priority is to scale up these good practices across the country and reverse/improve environmental outcomes. The policy needs to be integrated into the set of parameters or guideposts any printer uses...
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...potential disadvantages related to economic, social and environmental sustainability, criticisms believe that the USAID should take a careful consideration about this proposal, before it implemented. Rationale Proponents of the proposal point out that export expansion in the flower industry has the real capacity to deliver both economic and social benefits to East African nations and their nationals. Olpacle (2009) cites the case in Kenya that the flower industry has contributed to $300 million for its foreign exchange earnings. Meanwhile, the flower farms in Kenya has created 40,000 job opportunities for local workers. In terms of environmental impacts, Whelau (2009) points to that compared with a Dutch hothouse, raising equivalent number of roses in Kenya produced much less amount of CO2. Objections Opponents of the proposal argue that expanding flower exports in East Africa may exacerbate human rights abuse and create community dependence on the flower industry. Research revealed that cut flower workers are often forced to endure unfair wages, Sh 70 a day for 8 to 12-hour workday, crowed housing and dangerous working conditions (Majtouyi, 2002). Furthermore, Bloomfield (2006) points to the potential risks of increasing community dependence on the flower industry Evaluation The proposal to expand the flower exports in East Africa can be assessed in terms of its economic, social and environmental sustainability. From an economic perspective, it is clear that the flower industry...
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...Global Sustainability There has long been evidence that the global model of economic development is one that is unsustainable. Development within nations, especially as regards to industrialization and development of infrastructure to support economic expansion, has relied on a model of thought that is outdated and ignorant of the social costs such development incurs. A model of development, sometimes called the “Washington Consensus,” is on that is based upon pre-modern norms. The massive expansion of population and industrial centers has rendered these assumptions obsolete. With ever increasing consumption of precious natural resources, especially fossil fuels, new factors have come into play that are largely ignored or set aside. Robert Costanza notes that economies today are bound more by limits of natural resource availability than the limits of capital infrastructure. The byproducts of this increased consumption and resulting environmental pollution are rendering what is ostensibly progress and development as something much less so. Negative externalities may even be making “progress” harmful. The issue, however, is that although many acknowledge the need for a new model of global development, efforts are hampered by those parties whose interests are hurt by proposed changes in worldviews. Allan E. Goodman of Georgetown University recounts the history of how the international efforts to ban the use of chlorofluorocarbons — known globally as CFCs — came about, with the...
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...Sustainable tourism is one of the pre-requisites of achieving sustainable development. the concept of tourism with sustainability and development gets its historical inclusion from mass tourism that got flourished in 1960s due to advent of jet aircraft and the passions for tourism got tremendous following and it also reached Third World countries (Dann, 2002). It was also argued that this boost pushed organizations like World Bank and UN to examine the cost benefit analysis of tourism and it was acknowledged that potential costs of tourism are far lower than financial benefits in shape of balance pf payment surpluses, infrastructure development, and employment and foreign exchange gains. So that gave rise to the concept of sustainable tourism as one of the source of bringing sustainable development. According to the World’s Summit on Sustainable Development (2002), it is claimed that Tourism is the world’s largest industry where in 2000, 698 million people travelled internationally which 7.3 % more than 1999. Similarly the economic worth of international tourism was US$477.9 billion in 2000 (Papers4you.com, 2006). In terms of one concrete definition, literature suggests that it is not fixed and is ever evolving. However Coccossis (1996) asserts that sustainable tourism can be taken in four different interpretations that include” economic sustainability of tourism”, the “ecologically sustainable tourism”,” sustainable tourism development” with both focus of environment as...
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...of score they got is in the preservation and restoration of heritage site, next is the acceptance of tourist values, revival of traditional arts and crafts. In economic impacts, the highest mean of score they got is in the better employment opportunities, next is the improved community infrastructure, and improvement of small businessess. Last is the social impacts, the residents respond by giving highest score in increasing public service, benefits to the residents, improved the communication skills is also considered. All of the three impacts as we can see is respectively agreed by the respondent. Coccossis (1996) asserts that sustainable tourism can be taken in four different interpretations that include” economic sustainability of tourism”, the “ecologically Sustainable tourism”,” sustainable tourism development” with both focus of environment as well as long term feasibility of the industry and finally “tourism as a part of a strategy for sustainable development”. (Farsari,...
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...Planning Introduction Tourism is defined as those friendly tourist activities with the natural, cultural and social and community values, which allows you to enjoy a positive exchange of experience among residents and visitors, where the relationship between tourists and the community is fair and benefits the activity is distributed fairly, and where visitors have a truly participatory attitude in their travel experience. Tourism is fundamental for the economy of many regions, like Thailand. Because tourism involves attracting foreign exchange, it is generally the only means of economic development for some nations. It provides an opportunity for development, employment marketing and sale of local goods etc. It also helps in creating service industries, which are crucial for the development of a region. Many evolving nations like the overview of tourism as a vehicle for financial development, granted its promise to profit from foreign exchange, decrease earnings and paid work disparities, reinforce linkages amidst financial parts and assist to alleviate poverty. The dispute opposite policy maker is to have a broader viewpoint and better comprehending, that there can be both affirmative and contradictory consequences from tourism development. Tourism, in fact, has a number of features that make it an activity to be considered in the development process, so that its eco proper management can generate a series of positive effects on economic development in any territory...
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...Scenario: You are tasked with developing a social responsibility strategy for a client. This is an important assignment as business organizations both large and small, domestically and internationally, address issues of sustainability and social responsibility. To be sure, 21st century business practices will demand nothing less from companies seeking to add to their triple bottom line (people, planet, profit). The strategy you develop should include a focus on environmental considerations, sustainable business practices, ethical decision making on the part of the leadership who will implement your plan, and should also be in compliance with all government regulations that affect the industry. For this task, you will select your client from your actual place of employment, a local small business, or a well-known public company. Task: Develop a social responsibility strategy for your chosen client which includes the following components: 1. Environmental considerations and recommendations 2. Ethical leadership considerations and recommendations 3. Sustainability considerations and recommendations 4. Legal and regulatory considerations and recommendations Note: This may be a strategy for the company's current product line or service and current business objectives, or it may be a strategy that recommends a new direction for the company. Step 1: The company I work for is an iron foundry. The company makes cast iron parts for other industries. This involves industrial...
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...Going Sustainability What are some ideas that the community can become more sustainable? Our generation can do sustainable duties such as making our schools sustainable. My purpose to write this is to show people some ideas that can be sustainable. When reading this essay think about some reasons of your own to make a building more sustainable. The idea of this essay is to talk about benefits of solar panels, greenhouses, and finally wind mills. Solar Panels “When the solar energy from the sun it gets trapped and stored and can be used in in various ways to generate power. Solar energy can be used as direct or indirect, active or passive. The two main ways that solar panel work is solar...
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...RESPONSIBILTY SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION Larsen and Toubro is a USD 9.8 billion, technology, manufacturing, finance, engineering and construction conglomerate, with global operations. The company is headed by Mr. A.M Naik, CEO and M.D. During times when sustainability as the biggest challenge faced by mankind today, L and T has always pursued its long term strategic plans, remaining steadfast in its sustainability journey. 1.1 Sustainable Development United Nations in 1983 defined it as ‘Development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs’. 1.2 Corporate sustainability Strategies and business practices adopted by the company to achieve corporate growth and profitability as well as to pursue societal goals, specifically those related to sustainable development-environment protection, social justice and economic development. In simple words, the well being of the society depends on the economy and the economy depends on the global ecosystem. 1.2 Corporate sustainability report L& T’s sustainability report is based on Global reporting initiative, i.e. GRI's Reporting Framework that is developed through a consensus-seeking, multi-stakeholder process. L and T reports are ‘ GRI Checked ‘ and graded as A+ reports, which is the highest grade for GRI reports. 1.3 L&T’s Take on Sustainability L & T views sustainability in terms of three...
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...Coca-Cola Sustainability Report 2010/2011 Coca-Cola company 2010/2011 sustainability report offers a clear view on how the company views sustainability, their current suitability achievements and their goals for the future. The following analysis will highlight some of the positive attributes, as well as offer suggestions on areas of improvement. ...Accountability Adding creditability and transparency to their reported information Coca-Cola utilizes third-party verification through the FIRA, standardized performance framework through the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), and visibility of its global business principles. This level of reporting and verification speaks to the point the Coca-Cola is looking at sustainability in the short and long term. One area in which the company could improve from an Accountability perspective is depicting additional efforts for goals that have not been achieved. …Measures Within the report, Coca-Cola speaks to the following areas of sustainability: The Coca-Cola System, Water Stewardship, Energy Efficiency, Climate Protection, Sustainable Packaging, Corporate Giving Economic Opportunity, Workplace / Human Rights, A Great Place to Work, Sustainable Agriculture, and Health / Well-Being. Overall statements around these measures are that they seem to be fairly inclusive to the industry, as well as covering the triple bottom lines three dimensions of social, environmental and economic performance. One highlight to the companies’ measures...
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... The research has been undertaken at the request of the CEO and uses academic literature as its backbone. Overall the report found that there are many factors that are consistent with a sustainable economy with the following being researched: science & technology; ecology & sustainability; population, demographics, society & culture as well as economy, geopolitics & security. The report concludes that the future of the global economy will be built on innovation, low-waste, long-term planning and will be developed in harmony with the natural environment, and that these factors should be used in the development of the company’s future vision and strategy. The report recommends that the company: • Invest in Research & Development (R&D) • Decrease the use of chemicals, pesticides etc. in production & process work • Further research the implications of population growth and cultural homogeneity and its effects on the company. • Take a cautious approach to large financial investments Table of Contents 1 – Introduction 4 2 – Aim of Report 4 3 – Defining a Sustainable Economy 4 4 – Factors & Issues 5 4.1 – Science & Technology 5 4.2 – Ecology & Sustainability 5 4.3 – Population, Demographics, Society & Culture 6 4.4 – Economy, Geopolitics & Security 7 5 – Conclusions 7 6– Recommendations 8 7 – References 8 1 – Introduction In the past few...
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...PERSPECTIVES OF DEVELOPMENT From theory to reality Table of Contents Introduction 1 What is Development? 2 General approaches to development 4 Dimensions of development 5 Economic Development 5 Human Development 6 Sustainable Development 7 Territorial Development 8 Western Definition of Development in Practice 8 Conclusion 10 Works Cited 11 Perspectives of Development Introduction When the concept of international development was initially developed in the post-World War II era, the countries of the First World had 65 percent of the world’s income with only 20 percent of its population, while the Third World was home of 67 percent of the world’s population but had only 18 percent of its income. People embraced the word development as a desirable objective of postwar economic policy in the late 1940s. "Development" was not precisely defined, but it was taken to mean improved economic opportunity by increasing production of goods and services in a long-term way, through capital formation. In short, it was associated with economic growth. In the 1960s the association of development with economic growth came under increasing criticism by authors such as Dudley Seers, Gunnar Myrdal, Paul Streeten, Hollis Chenery, Mahbub ul Haq and institutions like the International Labour Organisation (ILO). They pointed out that developing countries did not experience much change in the living conditions of the masses of the poor in spite of the impressive growth...
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...Introduction Supply chain sustainability is recognized as a key factor for generating business value, it is a positive driver of competitive advantage that requires constant innovation and commitment in all levels of the organization, but how do parent companies influence their subsidiaries to adopt a sustainable supply chain approach?. Nowadays, contemporary thinking on the role of subsidiaries and its evolution in regards to multinational enterprises state that resources and capabilities of the enterprise do not reside only under the responsibility of the parent company level. Even if the subsidiaries and the parent company have different industry sectors and geographic origin, they share an important thing: they both recognize the risk dimension of the challenge presented by sustainability, and identify the competitive opportunities on the other hand. In the following case study we will research how does the model of Johnson et al. (2001) can be applied in the case of a parent company and its subsidiaries. Literature review Sustainability issues are becoming a powerful determinant of a company’s competitiveness and financial performance and therefore is sustainability rapidly becoming a new competitive advantage. The interest in the sustainability of supply chains has been a rising issue in recent years (Beske, 2012). This concept is defined by Seuring & Muller, 2008, p. 1700 as: “the management of material, information and capital flows as well as cooperation...
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...annual report 2013 Dress €59.95 Top €14.95 BEYONCÉ IN H&M’s SUMMER CAMPAIGN 2013 € 69.95 Dress H&M SHOw At PARIS fASHION wEEk 2013 — H&M ANNUAl REPORT 2013 — Contents H&M IN WORDS AND PICTURES This is H&M CEO letter 2013 in brief Our brands Sustainable development Our employees Expansion History 6 8 10 14 32 36 40 48 H&M IN FIGURES Administration Report including proposed distribution of earnings Group Income Statement Group Statement of Comprehensive Income Group Balance Sheet Group Changes in Equity Group Cash Flow Statement Parent Company Income Statement Parent Company Statement of Comprehensive Income Parent Company Balance Sheet Parent Company Changes in Equity Parent Company Cash Flow Statement Notes to the Financial Statements Signing of the Annual Report Auditor’s report Corporate Governance Report including information about the Board of Directors Auditor’s Statement on the Corporate Governance Report Five year summary The H&M share Financial information and contact details 52 58 58 59 60 61 62 62 63 64 65 66 80 81 82 94 96 97 98 H&M’s Annual Accounts and Consolidated Accounts for the financial year 2012/13 comprise pages 52–80. — THIS IS H&M — Fashion and quality at the best price A clear business concept and strong values have taken H&M from a single store to a leading global fashion company, with a passion for fashion, a belief in people and a desire to always exceed customers’ expectations. Over 116,000 ...
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