...A GUIDE IN FORENSIC CHEMISTRY Forensic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the application of chemical knowledge, principles, and procedures to matters involving civil or criminal law and to all questions where control of chemical compounds, products, or processes is involved. Forensic Chemistry is an interdisciplinary field of Chemistry tasked to solve cases that can only be explained or resolved by applying analytical methods of investigation and instrumentation with chemistry as the main core of discussion. Forensic chemistry is a broad and diversified field of science. It includes all branches of chemistry and the application of its principles to solve crimes when it arise in the administration of justice. Significantly, Forensic chemistry is vital in crime detection when the components or chemical composition, structure of physical evidence/s collected from the scene of the crime are needed to support in the speedy solution of crime. Application of forensic chemistry is legally applied to the following: 1. Primarily, Forensic Chemistry deals in the recognition, identification, preservation, packaging & transportation of physical evidence collected at the crime scene. 2. In crime detection, it is applied in the identification of poisons, blood, semen, feces, urine, saliva, and other body fluids whether fresh or dried. It also include other stains of interests from ob-gynecological origin, mineral stains, fruits and/or vegetable stains. 3. It is...
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... Behind The chemistry of forensics Forensics means to work in investigating a scene of a crime to study how a deceased person died ,or how they were murdered or to see if it was a homicide, suicide, manslaughter or , so they can find traces for leads on who or what committed a crime. Any little detail can have traces of blood ,or even fingerprints if any evidence is found, it would be sent to a lab to be tested on to find results of what clues they find to try and find a lead. There are tools ,and chemicals that are used in a lab to help them find leads in an investigation. They also have Chem labs to identify drugs or other substances. The main job for...
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...Forensicscience 1)Introduction; Crime today is at an extreme high. However, forensic science has been there to help solve every crime committed Forensic science is the scientific method of gathering and examining information about the past. The word forensic comes from the Latin forēnsis, meaning "of or before the forum. The word forensic basically means the key to solve a crime.This is the technology used to help forensic teams to analyze and solve crimes.- This is especially important in law enforcement where forensics is done in relation to criminal or civil law,[1] but forensics are also carried out in other fields, such as astronomy, archaeology, biology and geology to investigate ancient times. Forensic Science is used to Identify Criminals Rape, murder, theft, and other crimes almost always leave a devastating mark on the victim. . In modern forensic science, the crime laboratories include photography section, Evidence storage section, identification section, chemistry section, General examination section, Fire arms section, instrument section and crime scene search section. 2)Origins of forensic science: In 16th-century Europe, medical practitioners in army and university settings began to gather information on the cause and manner of death. Ambroise Paré, a French army surgeon, systematically studied the effects of violent death on internal organs.[9][10] Two Italian surgeons, Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia...
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...Dysfunctional Families: The Expectations and Realities Many readers of Cinderella and Snow White have never realized how dysfunctional the families are in these childhood fairytales. Over the years many of these stories have been revised and retold to children. Although these versions are more children appropriate, the originals contain cases of extreme dysfunctional families. Fairytales such as Cinderella and Snow White are prime examples of such. In the original Grimm’s versions of these two tales, one would definitely agree that they contain more gore and violence than the Walt Disney spin offs of the stories. Spin offs such as Ella Enchanted and the three A Cinderella Stories are more common in today’s society. But what most people don’t realize as they read these stories is that they are promoting the idea that all step mothers are evil and will make their step children the slave or maid of the house. These stories are extremely influential to children of young ages and tell children that dysfunctional families are okay in this society. In the Grimm’s tale of Cinderella, her stepmother is extremely verbally abusive towards her. When the stepmother and her two daughters move into Cinderella and her father’s home, she questions him as to why that useless creature (referring to his daughter, Cinderella) has the best room in the house, sends her to the kitchen, and claims her as the maid of the house. (Grimm 1) the stepmother in this story is one of the most common that young...
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...Welcome to Homicide Forensic Science is a fundamental component of the justice system. Forensic scientists use scientific techniques and knowledge to assist law enforcement in investigations and solving crimes. They collect and analyze numerous types of evidence, including blood, body fluids; DNA; and human tissue. Forensic scientists assist the decision makers by showing the prosecutor if the issue has merit before it reaches the courtroom thereby reducing the number of cases having to be heard. Their decisions are based on scientific investigations and not circumstantial evidence or unreliable witnesses. Forensic scientists can restore faith in the judicial system with the use of science and technology for facts in criminal and civil investigations. The legal system is established on the belief that the legal process results in justice for all. History of forensic science The history of Forensic science or the applying of scientific principles to legal questions has a lengthy and interesting history. The first recorded autopsy was reported in 44 B.C was on Julius Caesar, where the Roman physician, Antistius proclaimed that he had 23 wounds on his body but only one was fatal. In 1248, a Chinese book entitled “His Duan Yu” (meaning The Washing Away of Wrongs) explaining how to tell apart a drowning from a strangulation. This was also the first recorded use of medicine to assist in solving crimes. In 1590, the first microscope was developed. In 1775, Karl...
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...Different types of laboratories The work that is being carried out in a laboratory will influence the type of equipment that is used there. Most laboratories will have several large pieces of equipment, numerous smaller pieces and several computers linked in. The storage required will vary with specialist facilities for radioactive, flammable and toxic materials. Chemistry laboratories Chemistry laboratories tend to break down into the following generic spaces: organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry and analytical chemistry. Biosciences (biology) Laboratories These laboratories, sometimes also called life sciences laboratories, serve as work spaces for a host of special research interests reflecting the investigators' research direction. They are distinguished by the support space that is required for each laboratory or group of laboratories. Fume hoods, as well as biosafety cabinets and laminar flow hoods, are used in all areas of bioscience research. Storage for chemicals (solvents and acids) must be provided in accordance with applicable codes. Physical Sciences Laboratories Physical science laboratories are distinguished from other types of laboratories in a number of ways. First, there is only a small amount of built-in furniture. Second, there is abundance and a variety of electrical power. This, of course, is due to the fact that in most physical sciences research labs the floor space is occupied by an array of apparatus and instrumentation...
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...1. Hi! First year in Science Olympiad... Any event you found really fun? I really want to get off to a good start :) cecaayyy Hi!!! Haha welcome to science olympiad! Hmmm well if it’s your first year I would definitely try different things even if they’re out of your comfort zone. A mistake a lot of my friends make their first year of scioly is picking events that are related to the classes they’ve taken in school. This might seem like a good idea, but it really doesn’t give you as much of an advantage as you would expect because the scioly tests are college level material and beyond. To be honest, every event is challenging so you’re best off picking an event you’re genuinely interested in. If I could go back to my first year of high school scioly knowing what I know now I’d pick disease detectives and thermodynamics. I did disease detectives this year and in middle school and LOVED IT. You need to study specified diseases and how they spread and other miscellaneous stuff. If you like puzzles and making inferences then you should definitely try it out. It’s interesting since it’s more problem solving/mystery than memorizing facts plus if you’re actually interested in the material the test is super easy. The test gives you some scenarios of a disease outbreak and you need to answer questions based on making inferences from the background they give you and miscellaneous stuff about terminology. Thermodynamics is a building event with a test. It might help to have a little...
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...collection and analysis……………………….……...5 * Work plan………………………………………….……...5 6. Limitations and Conclusion………………………………..…….6 7. Reference……………………………………………..………….6 1. Introduction Crime laboratory is one of the most valuable tool for a crime investigator. It is a scientific lab using primarily forensic sciences for the purpose of examining evidence from criminal cases. It provides answers to some or all the questions asked such as how the crime was committed, who committed it, and can also determine whether a crime has been committed or not. The crime laboratory seek answers for the questions mentioned above through scientific analysis of physical material collected primarily from the scene of a crime, suspect or the person affected. It provides an even more integrated approach to the analysis of exhibits and the presentation of expert evidence. Generally the aim of the crime laboratory is to effectively prevent and combat crime. 2. History and background of crime laboratory The Forensic Science Laboratory of the South African Police Service was formed on 15 January 1971 with the Biology, Chemistry and Electronics Units. A new building complex was occupied in March 1987 when the Ballistic and Question Document Unit, which before this had resorted under the SA Criminal Bureau, were amalgamated with the FSL. Early in 2000 a decision was made to amalgamate the Explosive Investigation Service with the FSL, which realized...
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...Name: Mohammad Ali Muzzammil Group: D Instructor: Dr. Tayabba Noor Course: Organic Chemistry Date: 10th November 2014 Biocatalysis Abstract Biocatalysis is basically two words joined together; Bio and Catalysis. “Bio” prefix denotes biological and “catalysis” means the acceleration of a chemical reaction due to a catalyst. So in general biocatalysis is the use of biological (natural) catalysts, such as enzymes. These biological catalysts are used to transform organic compounds chemically. An enzyme is a protein catalyst that is responsible for the reactions in your body. Enzymes help with digestion of food, production of essential nutrients, movement of muscles, etcetera. Enzymes not only exist in our body but are used for quite a lot of other...
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...1- INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE Quote "Every contact leaves a trace." - Edmond Locard (1877 - 1966) Learning Objective(s) At the end of this topic, you should be able to: 1. Define 'Forensic Science'; 2. Explain the limits of Forensic Science; 3. Identify the types of forensic work; 4. Describe Locard's Exchange Principle; 5. Differentiate Reconstruction & Re-enactment. Synopsis To illustrate the scope and diversity of Forensic Science, place it in its legal context, and describe the various types of forensic work. There will also be a discussion of Comparison leading to Association, Reconstruction versus Re-enactment, Locard's Exchange Principle, and the limits of Forensic Science. Various case studies will also be analysed throughout the lecture. Case Studies Felicia Lee; Walter Dinivan; Madam Jetkor Miang Singh; Roberto Calvi; Buck Ruxton & the Jigsaw Murders; Acid Bath Haigh; 2005 London Bombings; "Brides in the Bath"; Gareth Williams; The Woodchipper Murder WEEK 2- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE Quote "Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea" The act is not culpable unless the mind is also guilty. Learning Objective(s) At the end of this topic, you should be able to: 2A. Atomic Structure & Spectroscopy 1. Explain the structure of the atom and Bohr's model; 2. Differentiate between emission and absorption spectroscopy; 3. Explain the chemistry behind EDX and SEM-EDX; 4. Explain the chemistry in NAA; 2B. Molecular...
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...to prove without any reasonable doubt that the convicted is guilty of the crime. Many of the techniques used are developed in the crime labs themselves to aid investigators and research into the better edges of science. So we say that this science is truly correct. We should not forget the other faces of forensic sciences in criminal research or investigations such as trace evidences, toxicology, photography, documentation, forensic imagery, forensic ID, receiving evidence, drug chemistry and ballistics just to name a few others. Many of the accomplishments of improvements with instruments and some methodologies have helped with the greatly increased accuracy thru- out the years, but many problems remain in how new and better techniques are being performed by technicians and analysts. But there is a problem in how new and better techniques are performed by technicians and analysts. Funding of agencies are a major issue, this itself can majorly upset the quality of training, lacking qualified personnel which means an increase in individual workloads, and increased backlog. Many of the strengths from the sciences and theories are flawed or are not without challenges. Forensic science is a recognizable component of policing and a determination in criminal investigations, court processes and...
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...Forensic science has been around for a long time now. the concept of it is to find evidence to solve a case. I am attracted to this because I like thinking at a new level. I like analyzing things to come up with an explanation. Forensics is a growing industry due to the amount of crimes that are taking place now a day. A forensic technician “…collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigation.” (Summary." U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). they to this in order to find potential suspects in a murder scene or simply to find an explanation on what happened. There’s different fields you can take in forensic science, for example there’s forensic anthropology. Anthropologist have knowledge on the human...
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...C2 Revision list Topic 1 Atomic structure and the periodic table ● Explain how Mendeleev arranged the elements, known at that time, in a periodic table by using properties of these elements and their compounds and used his table to predict the existence and properties of some elements not then discovered ● Classify elements as metals or non-metals according to their position in the periodic table ● Describe the structure of an atom as a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells (energy levels) ● Demonstrate an understanding that the nucleus of an atom is very small compared to the overall size of the atom ● Describe atoms of a given element as having the same number of protons in the nucleus and that this number is unique to that element ● Recall the relative charge and relative mass of a proton, a neutron and an electron ● Demonstrate an understanding that atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons ● Explain the meaning of the terms, atomic number, mass number and relative atomic mass ● Describe the arrangement of elements in the periodic ● Demonstrate an understanding that the existence of isotopes results in some relative atomic masses not being whole numbers ● Calculate the relative atomic mass of an element from therelative masses and abundances of its isotopes ● Draw the electronic configurations of the first 20 elements in the periodic table as diagrams and in the form 2.8.1 ● Describe the connection between the number...
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...oday, the word "forensics" has become synonymous with crime and crime scene investigation. Immediately conjuring images of crime labs, ultra violet lights and high-tech computers, popular crimes shows like CSI have brought increased attention to the field of forensic science. They've also generated newfound interest in forensics careers. The term "forensic" comes from the Latin and means, simply, having to do with the law. Hence, any discipline that has any ties to the legal system is, in fact, forensic. This is why so many job titles within criminology, such as forensic psychologist, are preceded by the term. With regard to forensic science, the term is now commonly understood to refer to the application of scientific principles to questions...
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... TALANTA · FEBRUARY 2000 Impact Factor: 3.51 · DOI: 10.1016/S0039-9140(99)00252-0 · Source: PubMed CITATIONS DOWNLOADS VIEWS 77 369 333 4 AUTHORS, INCLUDING: Maria Fernanda Silva Liliana P Fernández National University of Cuyo Universidad Nacional de San Luis 17 PUBLICATIONS 363 CITATIONS 43 PUBLICATIONS 540 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Available from: Maria Fernanda Silva Retrieved on: 08 September 2015 Talanta 51 (2000) 123 – 129 www.elsevier.com/locate/talanta Cloud point extraction of lead in saliva via use of nonionic PONPE 7.5 without added chelating agents Marta O. Luconi, M. Fernanda Silva, Roberto A. Olsina, Liliana P. Fernandez * ´ Area of Analytical Chemistry, National Uni6ersity of San Luis, CONICET, San Luis 5700, Argentina Received 4 March 1999; received in revised form 13 August 1999; accepted 16 August 1999 Abstract A new micelle-mediated phase separation of metal ions to preconcentrate trace levels of lead as a prior step to its determination by flame atomic spectroscopy has been developed. The methodology is based on the cloud point extraction of lead with PONPE 7.5 in the absence of chelating agent. The chemical variables affecting the sensitivity of the extractive-spectrometric procedure were evaluated in detail, optimised and successfully applied to the determination of lead in saliva samples. Under the optimal conditions, a %E higher than 99.9 was achieved. The proposed method...
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