...------------------------------------------------- Balance of payments From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Balance of payments (BoP) accounts are an accounting record of all monetary transactions between a country and the rest of the world.[1] These transactions include payments for the country's exports and imports of goods, services, financial capital, and financial transfers. The BOP accounts summarize international transactions for a specific period, usually a year, and are prepared in a single currency, typically the domestic currency for the country concerned. Sources of funds for a nation, such as exports or the receipts ofloans and investments, are recorded as positive or surplus items. Uses of funds, such as for imports or to invest in foreign countries, are recorded as negative or deficit items. When all components of the BOP accounts are included they must sum to zero with no overall surplus or deficit. For example, if a country is importing more than it exports, its trade balance will be in deficit, but the shortfall will have to be counterbalanced in other ways – such as by funds earned from its foreign investments, by running down central bank reserves or by receiving loans from other countries. While the overall BOP accounts will always balance when all types of payments are included, imbalances are possible on individual elements of the BOP, such as the current account, the capital account excluding the central bank's reserve account, or the sum of the two...
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...Foreign Market Entry and Diversification Johnnie Farmer Dr. Travis O. Davidson Strategic Management – BUS 599 November 7, 2011 Identify and discuss the trends in the global beer market Even though the United States has the largest beer market China surpassed them in 2003. Americans are drinking more beer and the consumption per capita remained almost six times higher in the United States than it is in China. There are three brewers controlling 80% of the U.S. market, Anheuser Busch with 45%, Miller Brew with 23% and Adolph Coors with 10%. There were also 300 regional craft breweries that struggled to make a profit because of vertical integration and economies of scale which were drivers of operating margins [ (Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2009, pp. C-250) ] Mexico is one of the largest beer markets in the world. They have a variety of brands with lots of different taste. Even with the mix of taste, Mexico is split between two producers and few microbreweries. These companies are FEMSA and Grupo Modelo. Grupo Modelo captured 62.8 % of the Mexican market in 2007 while FEMSA captured the remaining 37.2% [ (Thompson, Strickland, & Gamble, 2009, pp. C-251) ]. As a whole, the beer industry is expected to post a third consecutive year of declining sales in the U.S. for the first time in more than 50 years. . Shipments from beer manufacturers to wholesalers, a standard industry measure, are expected to fall by as much as 2 percent in 2011, according to Beer...
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...CITIZENS CHARTER RECEIPT OF FOREIGN CONTRIBUTION The provisions of the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 1976 regulate the receipt of foreign contribution in the country. The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Rules 1976 contain the various forms prescribed for this purpose. What is foreign contribution Foreign contribution means the donation, delivery or transfer, made by any foreign source of any, a) article, not given to a person as a gift, for personal use, if the market value, in India, of such article exceeds one thousand rupees; b) currency, whether Indian or foreign; or, c) foreign security as defined in clause 2(i) of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973. NOTE: Contributions made by a citizen of India living in another country, from his personal savings, through the normal banking channels, is not treated as foreign contribution. It is advisable to obtain the passport details of the concerned citizen of India before accepting such contributions. NOTE : Earnings from foreign client(s) by an NGO/association in lieu of goods sold or services rendered by it is a transaction of commercial nature and thus not treated as foreign contribution. What is a foreign source Foreign source means the government of any foreign country or territory or its agency; international agency; a foreign company; citizen of a foreign country. For more details see section 2(1)(e) of the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 1976. Who cannot receive foreign contribution Foreign...
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...12 Post Street Houston Texas 77000 (713) 555-9781 September 18, 2012 M-Global, Inc. 12 Post Street Houston TX 79224 ATTENTION: Mr. Wilkinson, CEO INDIA STUDY HCC 200 COLLEGE DRIVE WELDON, NC 27890 Introductory Summary You recently asked me to investigate India for the possibility of opening a branch overseas. I have researched India and came to the conclusion that it would be a great location to open a branch of the M-Global Corporation. There are many reasons why outsourcing to India is good for our business. This report presents the reasoning behind my decision. Economy Since the early 90’s India has opened its economy, and allows foreign investment in most industries. Over the last 25 years the Indian economy has had an annual 6% GDP growth. This is only second behind China. Starting as one of the least developed countries, India has emerged as a global player in many industries. India has no barriers to the entry of foreigners, and it is easy to get a visa to enter the country. However, due to historical enmity, entry from Pakistan is monitored, and can create hassles for a western traveler. Beliefs Most Indians enjoy good conversation. They sometimes ask questions which can be seen as too personal and intrusive. However, most of the time they are just trying to be friendly. Indians seldom express their disagreement in a direct manner. Open disagreement can be seen as hostile or aggressive. Indians are open to just about any topics...
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...Subject: Wilson's Moralistic Foreign Policy |Topic: Unit Response 5: Wilson’s Moralistic Foreign Policy | | |Author: Enriquea Washington |Date: February 19, 2011 1:41 AM | Opposed to the forceful foreign policy initiated by his predecessors,. President Woodrow Wilson sought to reform United States foreign relations by implementing a moralistic foreign policy using economic power. He started with his attack on Dollar Diplomacy. American Investors in Latin America and China could no longer depend on United States government support. He took a further stance against imperialism with the Jones Act of 1916, which promised independence and territorial status to the Philippines. However, a crisis in Haiti and threat to American lives and property forced his hand, and the President had to send in military intervention. Eventually, Wilson had to revert back to the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine to supervise the finances of Haiti. He also purchased more territories in the Caribbean. He wished to go no further with aggressive foreign policy when Europe was on the brink war. His goal was for America to remain neutral. Neutral trade was a great financial benefit for the struggling American industry, but exercising America’s neutral trade rights posed great threat. The Germans began attacking merchant ships, and over one hundred American lives were lost. President Wilson threatened Germany with the...
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...ARE AMERICAN CARS BETTER THAN FORIEGN? Are American Cars better than Foreign ? University of Phoenix Author Note This paper was prepared for Business Communication and Critical thinking BCOM/275 taught by instructor Goodwyn. Abstract Are American cars Like GM , Ford and Chrysler better in terms of reliability and value than the foreign makes. Also should we buy them over the Toyota, Honda other foreign makes because they are American Cars. The paper compares the differences and how the foreign cars stacks up and discusses about some fallacies argument like "you buy American car and help create more jobs". During my research I came across many controversial article over American makes being better than foreign makes. While we all have our personal opinion and are biased on different automakers , I wanted to find an article where I could establish my argument against the author statement . (Newman R. 2009) published an article on USNews.com " 5 Reasons to Buy an American Car" and their their quality are better and now rivals the best from foreign makes like Japan. Newna R. is referring to car built by General Motors and Chrysler and comparing with the foreign cars by built by Toyota and Honda. Here the Newman R. is backing up his information by using reliable and credited sources like the J.D Power and Associates and Consumers Report, however the data he is referring to is outdated, hence lacks the validity and credibility. ...
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...Henry VIII’s foreign policy primarily involved France and the Habsburg Empire. Traditionally, Tudor foreign policy tried to steer a path of neutrality with both these states and initially Henry VIII’s foreign policy was no different. Henry knew that England did not have the ability to take on either state but that as a nation she could profit from extending the hand of friendship to both. This plan fell apart when it became plain that Henry wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon. Charles V would not contemplate any form of association with Henry VIII – as Catherine was his aunt. Charles believed that Henry VIII was depriving Catherine of all honour, something he was not willing to tolerate. However, Henry was astute enough to know that the position of Charles V in mainland Europe was such that he could not do anything about Catherine’s plight in England. Charles had far too much to think about with the Turks on the southeast of his empire to be able to help his aunt. However, he made clear his displeasure at the way Catherine had been treated. Francis I of France tried to take advantage of this breakdown between Henry and Charles. He gave tacit support to Henry’s call for the Pope to nullify his marriage to Catherine. As a result both men met in great splendour at Calais in October 1532, where Francis greeted Anne Boleyn as if she was queen. Francis planned to help Henry further. In October 1533, Francis was due to sign a treaty with Pope Clement VII, which Francis hoped would...
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...Multinational Finance Which country had the most direct foreign investments in the United States over the last five years? Why? The United States of America, as one of the world most important economies, has always experienced tremendous amounts of Foreign Direct Investment within different sectors its economy. European nations have historically fueled America’s growth in the past with a variety of foreign Investments. According to the most recent reports disclosed, as of 2011 the largest direct foreign investor in the United States in the past five years is the United Kingdom with $454 billion dollars of investments (Jackson). Likewise the United States is the largest direct foreign investors in the United Kingdom with $421 billion of investments (Jackson). If a company from the United Kingdom purchases 15 percent or more of a US company it is considered foreign controlled. Foreign Direct investment is defined as physical investment into a country from a foreign entity. It can also be defined as a larger-scale, long-term investment outside the investor’s domestic economy. This is apposed to indirect foreign investment that is solely a provider of capital and the investing company has no share in the loss or gain of the company. Indirect investment is an investment in intangible assets, such as securities. The reason for Foreign Direct Investment is The U.S has projects in need of capital .The large influx of capital given to the...
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...Do you agree with the suggestion that English foreign policy achieved relative success in the period 1509-1525? A case can be made that that the English foreign policy was a failure because of Wolsey’s mishandlings of the finance. For example in source 1 it states that ‘greatest weakness lay in the realm of finance’. This shows us that Wolsey did not know what he was doing when it came to finance which would have helped English foreign policy. Wolsey mishandling of finance would have led to less to money to help Henry invade France and therefore make on this part of his foreign policy, which was to take over France and to redeem his title as king of France , a failure because he didn’t really take over the whole off France. The whole real parts that henry had taken over of France was Tournai and Therouanne, and these were of little significant to England which supports the idea that the foreign policy was a failure. We can also infer from another source which support the idea that English foreign policy was a failure. In source 3 it says ‘if he fortunate to win it’. This is referring to Henry to taking over France, and we can clearly see that the foreign policy was a failure because only luck could have helped Henry take over France. This all indicates that foreign policy was not a success owing it to Wolsey mishandling of finance which meant that Henry would not have sufficient amount of money to take over the whole of France. Once again in source 1 we can see that Wolsey had...
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...Now it is supposed to secure and protect its all vital interests at all cost.Pakistan build a special relation ship with islamic countries especially middle east islamic countries.Pakistan have to continue this policy because it is easy to send Pakistani products to global markets via middle east route.U.A.E controls the international airlines from east to west so Pakistan have to realize the importance of middle east countries.Pakistan foriegn policy should be made by giving priority to middle east because via middle east we will able to send our products all around the...
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...implementing: http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/default.htm Is the Federal Reserve implementing expansionary or contractionary monetary policy? Why? How do you think that the Federal Reserve's changes to monetary policy will impact the condition of the U.S. economy? Why The Federal Reserve is doing the expansionary monetary policy. it will be in place that way until the economy is Powerful enough and their goals have been achieved. While the rate had maintained at the same level, underutilization has improved. Inflation also hasn’t reached the goal level due to cheaper energy costs and exports not being as strong as hoped. So with domestic currency lower than foriegn, exports will increase and imports will decrease causing the balance of trade to increase. So with domestic currency lower than foriegn, exports will increase and imports will decrease causing the balance of trade to increase....
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...Iftikhar chaudry is the only person who keep maintain judiciary but unfortunatly our federal government are making conflict with judiciary and impacts shows on on the poor people of pakistan.ppp colition parties and opposition are standing like dumb and enjoying the play.in this situation judiciary is grace for us from allah but govt is making rumours against judiciary.some months ago they traped Arsalan iftikhar in a case through Malik riaz and try hard to defame the judiciary and iftikhar chaudry but chief justice is still is on his way and govt is keeping on publishment of scandles against judiciary when supreme court disqualified ex.pm Gillani after this tregidy the War started b/w them benefits and advantages are being received by foriegn agencies.colition parties are also consoliding the federal govt.in rental power case supreme court issued the warrant of pm raja ashraf.these all shows that the pppp is guilty and they should mind their ways if this tussle b/w these continue then i think no one will save the image and base of pakistan.on the other end pakistan is debtor of world bank and Imf and passing through wave of terrorism no one is thinking about it that what will be the Future of pakistan they must united and should find a corridor in this situation in last i will use a proverb for current democracy that Might is Right...
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...(iv) Your country is in a recession. You feel that a policy of exchange rate depreciation will stimulate aggregate demand and bring the country out of the recession. This essay examines the effectiveness of using exchange rate depreciation to stimulate aggregate demand in order to bring a fictional country, Australand, out of recession. It will explain how a policy of exchange rate depreciation can increase aggregate demand and how this will stimulate economic activity and bring Australand out of recession. The process of depreciating the currency will be explained as well as possible ramifications of this policy. Alternative options to increase aggregate demand will also be explored. A recession is technically when an economy has experienced two successive quarters of negative gross domestic product (GDP) growth. For this to happen the total amount of goods and services produced by a country must contract on a quarter by quarter basis for six months or more. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7495340.stm) It therefore stands to reason that by increasing the total amount of goods and services Australand produces, known as aggregate output, will bring Australand out of recession. Blanchard and Sheen (2009 p39) state that in the short run the main determinent of aggregate output is demand and that changes in demand can lead to an increase in output. Aggregate demand is the total quantity demanded for output at a given price level and it is therefore necessary to...
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...make a decision on the Great Compromise.The Articles of Confederation was ratified in 1781 and in 1789 it was replaced be the Constitution of the United States. One of the main reasons it was replaced because of such strong need for a federal government. At the 1787 convention delegates pushed for a federal government with three branches which included executive, legislative, and judicial. Along with the branches they wanted to make sure to have system checks so no branch gained more power then the others.The Articles of Confederation were considered to be weak. Some of the reasons included that it allowed only one vote per state, didnt give Congress any power. Congress didnt have the power to tax nor did they have the power to control foriegn and federal trade. In the world today, I could not imagine not have a Military to protect our country. As a military wife I couldnt imagine how my life would be without the military. Under the Articles of Confederation there was no military to protect our nation. The Constition addressed these weakness...
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...The Job of a Food Stylist A Successful food Stylist helps Produce a photo that sells a dream,brand,product,restaurant,ect They do so by making food look as mouthwatering and appealing as possible. They take great care in making sure everything about the item is perfect,down to the last detail;like that vanilla icecream cone with a shiny little cherry on top with one drip of icecream running down the side- its all part of the food stylists creation.Did you know that the “Ice Cream cone” isn't really Ice Cream,but icing sugar, shortening and food coloring mixed together with cornstarch added to reach desired consistency,and that single drip running down the cone isnt melting icecream but toothpaste with food coloring added to it!These are a few tricks food stylists can do to make food look amazing to be able to take that perfect photo. Now a food stylists Job doesnt end with the food, they also chose the plating,the background and any props that will be in the photo.Food Stylists must be organized, they need everything together to do assignments quickly,so that they can get from one job to another quickly if they want to make any money.They need to be a good cook and baker,in order to cook the food so that it looks perfect for the photo you need to know how to cook,which is why some Culinary training would be a good idea. Food Stylists need to be a problem solver,many challengers may arise and you need to be able to handle...
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