...Local and National Economic Policies Influence the success of Travel of Tourism Industry Most of the countries suffered from recession and the GDP at annual rates for the year 2009 declined by 9.8% in UK and it results in decreased number of tourists. But by changing local economic policies UK government controlled the decreasing numbers of tourist. One of the key economic factor is exchange rate of pound, this rate is quite strong compare to many other foreign currency so foreign traveller can spend more money. Another issue which need to be discussed is seasonality, as holidays are the busiest time for this sector (Goodwin, n.d). Most of the policies focus on the sustainability of developing tourism. Economic viability is an essential element of this sustainability. Governments play a significant role in success of tourism industry after knowing the importance of this sector. Positive changes in economic policies influence this industry. The tourism industry works with a number of governmental departments and bodies so that they can get the full potential of visitor economy. 2.3 Implications of political Change on the Travel and Tourism Sector in different Countries Political changes can make a huge effect on the tourism sector of a country. Fundamental changes in politics can cause fear for their safety in mind of tourists and they can avoid visiting such countries. Political changes in home country of tourist can also have an impact on the tourism industry of other country...
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...The United States government has four predominant functions. Namely, it is responsible for handling foreign enemies, alliances, and affairs; promoting social peace, justice, and prosperity; regulating economic activity; and collecting taxes. In the realm of international affairs, the federal government’s primary duty is to protect the American people from foreign threats. The military--as well as a host of government intelligence agencies, most notably the CIA, FBI, and NSA--is charged with counteracting terrorist organizations and enemy countries when need be. As a member of numerous international organizations--the United Nations, NATO, and so forth--the federal executive branch is also charged with handling American alliances. On a constant basis, the government navigates the world of international geopolitics and economics: State officials sign trade deals, grant international aid, and converse diplomatically with foreign states. When it comes to protecting the American people, the government is generally effective: it provides a stronger, more dependable military than any private sector business conceivably...
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...The last function of Canada’s government is popular participation. The level of political participation is sometimes to be used as a measurement to check how healthy and democratic a country is. In Canada, people have the freedom to participate in Canadian politics according to the constitution. The federal election of Canada is usually held every four years. Like the United States, Canada uses a first-past-the-post (FPTP) system during election. During electoral process, the country or province is divided into small areas called electoral districts according to its population. Under the FPTP system, one candidate will be elected per electoral district, and voters are only allows choosing one candidate on their ballot. Then, there will be 107 members of Provincial Parliament gathered together in Ontario legislature and vote the electoral district they want. The winning party with the most ridings will asked by the Governor General to form the government. The leader of that...
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...According to Wikipedia.com, “Income redistribution is a practice designed to level incomes across a society through the transfer of income from wealthier to poorer individuals, either directly or indirectly. Proponents of this practice argue that it promotes the development of a democratic society and addresses a number of social problems that are linked with poverty. Opponents believe that it is a form of theft, suggesting that it involves taking legitimately earned funds away from people and giving them to others. Many governments around the world practice some form of income distribution, and there are varying ways to approach it”. In my opinion, redistribution of income is a valid economic function of our American system of government because it’s a good way to support those who have lower incomes. Every American’ dreams of finding a job that pays well enough so that they may comfortably take care of their loved ones and themselves for years to come. Most Americans hope to find some way to make a living that they enjoy, something that they view as productive. Unfortunately, many do not have this luxury. In our society, a good portion of the population is forced to hold the base of our country in place while hardly being redeemed for their time and effort, and thus the problem of income inequality. Numbers of these people live from paycheck to paycheck, barely getting by, not because they manage their money poorly, but because the value of their time at work is negligible...
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...Discuss the extent to which Government control limits the effectiveness of Parliament in performing its main functions (25) Within British politics, it is generally accepted that the executive branch, dominates the legislative. Some have often argued that especially since 1997, this trend has developed into an ‘elected dictatorship’, so it can therefore often be questioned whether the Government has too much power over Parliament. The system of party whips, Government Majorities, weaknesses and strengths of the lords, free votes/rebellions, and Private Members Bills are all factors that can be used to discuss the extent of the control Government has over Parliament. Firstly, the whipping system within parties can be used to demand loyalty from MPs under a certain party. Whips control membership of committees and the Business of the house, having the power to ‘withdraw the whip’ from Rebel MPs, meaning party membership and privileges are suspended. This means the party in control of the legislation and with a majority can ensure votes from almost every member of their party, through the whip system, therefore, if they have a strong majority, always being able to pass their bills and reject opposition bills. This limits the effectiveness of Parliament in democratically delivering law, as it allows the party in majority to disregard other parties, and their own member’s opinions, and force them to vote one way, the way that they agree with. This can cause major consequences, with...
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...Participation is a key function of pressure groups as it gives citizens an avenue of participation between elections in a structured and moderated manner to get an issue or issues across to MPs. Given the behaviour of pressure groups such as the EDL it is unlikely that politicians will have sympathy for their concerns. For example on 8 September 2013, 160 EDL members were arrested following a protest in Tower Hamlets after a clash between counter-demonstrators. However, the majority of pressure groups stay true to the function of participation and in many cases bring about change in the government. By participating more peacefully whilst still being effective, MPs are more likely to consider supporting the views of the pressure group in parliament. In 2010, following a series of Greenpeace campaigns such as climbing onto a plane at Heathrow airport, the coalition government scrapped plans to build a third runway which shows how pressure groups can be effective and true to the function of participation. A function of pressure groups is agenda setting which is where they have the ability to influence the importance of topics on the public agenda so as a news item is covered more frequently and prominently, the audience will regard the issue as more important. A successful example of this is where in 2000, the People’s Fuel Lobby successfully managed to shut down the country by protesting on the entrances to fuel depots and blockaded roads over the issue of fuel prices. Of course...
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...to reform the local government structure. The induction of local government, however, failed to ensure access and participation to the poor. The absence of tangible rewards for participating in local affairs often resulted in apathy and frustration to the villagers. The main concern of this essay is to evaluate the process of decentralization that took place under different regime in Bangladesh and analyze to what extent decentralization has been ensured. 1In some countries, the local extensions of the central government, and in others, traditional local power structures utilized for supporting field administration, have been misconstrued as being equivalent to local government. At times local government has been mistakenly considered an insignificant segment of the government. However, in industrialized countries, the number of civil servants at the local level is much larger than is commonly believed. In the United States, for example, there are four times as many local government employees as federal employees; even in a developing country, like India, the number of local level employees is as high as 40 percent that of federal employees With a view to avoiding confusion, it is better to differentiate ‘local government’ from ‘local politics’ and ‘local administration’. Local politics is a wider term and covers a host of areas besides local government. On the other hand, local administration means implementation of decisions by not only local government institutions but also...
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...THE SIERRA LEONE CHAPTER OF THEPUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT TRAINING PROGRAMME (CLASS OF 2013) 1. DUGBA NGOMBU 12024487 2. MUSA SAIDU 12024474 3. SAMUEL SESAY 12024513 4. GIBRILLA JUSU 12024494 5. ANTHONY DOMAWA 12024476 6. HENRY TALUVA 12024496 7. DOROTHY ADEOLA 12024486 INTRODUCTION Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with unicameral parliamentary system (GoSL, 2009). The President is the Head of State, the supreme executive authority of the Republic and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Sierra Leone. He is the Fountain of Honour and Justice and the symbol of national unity and sovereignty. The President is also the guardian of the Constitution and the guarantor of national independence and territorial integrity, and shall ensure respect for treaties and international agreements (GoSL, 1991). Under the constitution (1991), no person shall hold office as President for more than two terms of five years each whether or not the terms are consecutive. The legislature of Sierra Leone, the Parliament consists of the President, the Speaker and Members of Parliament (GoSL, 1991). There are 124 Members of Parliament, 112 of whom are elected by a universal adult suffrage to represent their constituencies. The 12 are Paramount Chief Representatives to Parliament who are voted for by their fellow PCs and the chiefdom councilors, each PC representing a provincial district. The MPs (not as in the case of the president)...
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...'Parliament carries out none of its functions adequately.' Discuss (40 marks) In the UK, Parliament consists of the Monarchy, the House of Commons and the House of Lords. This has existed for centuries and has stood the test of time, in that it still exists. However a number of concerns have been raised about some of the functions and whether they function adequately enough (to a satisfactory or acceptable extent). Parliament currently carries out several functions and is the prime legislative body in the UK. It has many functions such as being representative, legitimising legislation, calling government to account as well as scrutinising and amending legislation. It is made up of representatives who are voted in order to represent the needs of their constituencies In the House of Commons. Government has to be drawn from Parliament as well as being accountable to it, accountability means that Parliament must justify its policies to Parliament as well as referring to representatives who are accountable for their electorates. Parliaments main function is not to obstruct and control the government as it will only do this if the government is seen to be abusing its power by not acting in the public’s interest. Predominately and most obviously parliaments “main function” is legislation and passing bills and in all fairness that’s what Parliament does, far more bills are efficiently passed through Parliament and become laws compared to the US who struggle to pass anything...
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...transactions in land have either been repealed or amended to accommodate these principles of land administration. These laws include the Indian Transfer of Property Act of 1892, the Land Titles Act, the Registered Land Act, and the Government Lands Act, and the Registration of Titles Act. The new laws enacted in their place are: the Land Act (2012), the Land Registration Act, and the National Land Commission Act. Land administration is conducted under the auspices of public administration. Prior to the 2010 Constitution, land administration was handled by the Ministry of Lands as well as the Provincial Administration. The Cok, 2010 envisages that land administration should be streamlined and conducted by a specialized body- the National Land Commission. Drawing from the Sessional Paper No. 3 of 2007, the National Land Commission is expected to implement the land policy in collaboration with relevant state and county authorities. The introduction of devolved governments in Kenya’s Constitution has created a novel mechanism of public administration in Kenya, and with it, complexities regarding the roles and function of various state and county officials. One such office is the Office of County Commissioner, which is established by the National Government Co-ordination Act...
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...Saving Function KM: The Multiplier Model - Principles of Macro - RIT - Dr. Jeffrey Burnette The Keynesian Model: The Multiplier Model Assumptions • Each market is analyzed on an aggregate scale (One interest rate, One type of labor, One type of output) Differences from the Classical Model • The Keynesian model does not assume that markets clear in the short-run. In fact, it believes that prices are sticky downward. That is, prices may not decrease to bring the market to equilibrium. This is why it focuses on the short-run. • In the short-run spending depends upon income. • Whereas the classical model focused on equilibrium in the labor market determining the level of output, the Keynesian model will focus on the domestic spending of consumers. The Keynesian Model w/out Government • Households have 2 choices for spending their income, Purchase goods and services (Consumption) or Save. • Firms have 2 types of expenditures, purchase goods and services (Consumption) or purchase equipment and structures from borrowed funds (Planned Investment). • In the short-run, planned investment is taken to be independent of income. • There is a funds market where savings is made available to firms that wish to borrow. Disposable Income = Income - Taxes Since there is no government, taxes are equal to zero. Therefore, real income is equal to real disposable income. Y = YD 1 KM: The Multiplier Model - Principles of Macro - RIT - Dr. Jeffrey Burnette Consumption Function - Algebraic...
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...The New Central Bank Act (RA 7653) CHAPTER V FUNCTIONS AS BANKER AND FINANCIAL ADVISOR OF THE GOVERNMENT ARTICLE II - THE MARKETING AND STABILIZATION OF SECURITIES FOR THE ACCOUNT OF THE GOVERNMENT A. THE ISSUE AND PLACING OF GOVERNMENT SECURITIES SECTION 117. Issue of Government Obligations. — The issue of securities representing obligations of the Government, its political subdivisions or instrumentalities, may be made through the Bangko Sentral, which may act as agent of, and for the account of, the Government or its respective subdivisions or instrumentality, as the case may be: Provided, however, That the Bangko Sentral shall not guarantee the placement of said securities, and shall not subscribe to their issue except to replace its maturing holdings of securities with the same type as the maturing securities. 117.1 Legislative History This is taken from Section 122 of Republic Act No. 265, with modification. Under RA No. 265, the issue of government securities by the Central Bank as fiscal agent of the Government was mandatory. In contrast, the use of the word “may” in Republic Act No, 7653 shows the intent to make the issue of such securities merely permissive and non-exclusive to the Bangko Sentral. ARTICLE II – REPUBLIC ACT NO. 265 CENTRAL BANK ACT OF 1948 Section 122. Issue of Government obligations. – The issue of securities representing obligations of the Government, its political subdivisions or instrumentalities, shall be made through the Central Bank...
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...have different functions to ensure an effective and smooth running of things in that particular political system. This is why this essay will discuss the problems faced by opposition political parties in Zambia using the structural functionalist theory. First it will explain what structural functionalism is, then it will define structures, functions, a political party and an opposition party then before giving the conclusion it will discuss the problems faced by opposition parties in Zambia. Johari (2011) defines structural functionalism as a means of explaining what political structures perform what basic functions in a political system, it is a tool of investigation. Macions and Gerber (2010:14) states “this approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole and by this society evolves like organisms”. According to Johari (2011:73) “functions deal with the consequences involving objectives as well as processes of the patterns of action, Structures refer to those arrangements within the system which perform the functions. For example the police are a structure within the political system that have a function of maintaining peace and order. “In the concept of functions, three basic questions are involved- what basic functions are discharged in any given system, by what instruments those functions are performed and under what conditions the performance of these functions are done”,(Ibid)...
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... describe two functions of the House of Commons. (5) The House of Commons has a number of different functions; a function is the way something works or operates in a particular way. One of these functions, as apparent in the source, is the function of accountability. Accountability refers to several different activities, such as forcing government to explain its actions and accept criticism of such actions. This is apparent throughout each day relevant in the source, where it states that questions are posed to various different minsters, including the Prime Minister. It is an important function because it means the legislature can call government to account via such criticism, and can even involve removing a government from power. Another important function possessed by the House of Commons is the function of scrutiny. This involves close inspection of and, where necessary, amendments to any proposed legislation. This function is carried out by legislative committees from both the Commons and the Lords. It is an important function because it shows that the Commons is representing the various interests of society and ensuring unnecessary discrimination does not occur. b) With reference to the source and your own knowledge, explain how the House of Commons can control the power of government. (10) It is argued that the House of Commons can control the power of government. This is argued because of the ever-growing domination of the Commons over government and the increasing...
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...Roles and Functions of Law Laws must be observed in order for business, society, and local government to operate proficiently. Laws are put into place to help keep people’s behaviors in order and to regulate standards. Law is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority and having legal binding force. The common characteristic of the current state of law is that it creates duties, obligations, and rights that reflect accepted views of a given society (Melvin, 2011). The law provides a format to resolve disputes that arise from the duties and rights and allows parties to enforce promises in a court of law. Laws serve many roles and functions in business, society and local government. Roles and Function of Law in Business Business laws establish guidelines for what companies can and cannot do, as well as certain things they must do. Law is a broad discipline with several fields that serve important functions. Just like individuals, businesses are responsible for paying taxes on income that they earn, and tax law determines how businesses pay taxes to the government. The Internal Revenue Service lets business owners choose from one of several business structures that affect taxation. The antitrust law is designed to promote business competition by curbing anticompetitive behavior such as price fixing and monopolization. Competition is good for the economy because it tends to lead to better products and services as well as fairer prices. Intellectual...
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