...Thermo Scientific Heratherm NEW large capacity ovens – efficient, safe, easy Thermo Scientific™ Heratherm™ large capacity ovens are designed for larger samples or high sample volumes, providing valuable space while maintaining a small footprint. General Protocol ovens provide higher chamber capacity for your day-to-day drying and heating applications. All models are available with convenient connection to a 230V circuit. For high temperature needs and fastest heat-up and recovery time choose our 750-3P models with 400V (3 Phase connection). 750 L 400 L Therm efficient, safe, easy NEW Energy efficient The new Thermo Scientific Heratherm ovens feature an environmentally friendly design with cost savings in mind, reducing energy consumption by as much as 23%* compared to previous models. * Based on internal testing, 04/2012 Exceptional temperature performance to protect your valuable samples Optimal uniformity: as good as +/-2.1 °C. Optimal stability: as good as +/-0.3 °C (measured at 150 °C). Optional stainless steel exterior for Advanced Protocol units Meets demanding needs in pharmaceutical and clinical laboratories. Heratherm Large Capacity General Protocol Ovens Two sizes (400 and 750 L) Gravity convection technology for gentle heating and drying Low overall energy consumption Optimal use of chamber with flexible shelving system and lockable castors for easy set-up / moving Timer to turn on/off at specified time for energy savings Heratherm Large Capacity Advanced Protocol...
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...Study Guide-Final Exam Chapter 7-8 1) Know the electromagnetic spectrum and the relationship to frequency. Page 135 and figure 7.3 Radio waves, microwaves, millimeter waves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X rays and Gamma rays Wavelength and frequency have an inverse relationship, meaning that as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, and vice versa. 2) Know how light interacts with matter: Reflection and refraction. Pages 167-170 Interaction of light depends on smoothness of surface, nature of the material and angle Reflection - angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection when measure from the normal. The angle of incidence is the angle of an incoming light ray. Spacing and relationship between incoming and outgoing rays produces a virtual image which is identical to the real object. Refraction - light rays moving from one transparent medium to another may be bent, or refracted. The amount of refraction of light rays depends upon their angle of incidence in the same way reflection does, and also on specific properties of the different media and how fast light travels in each. 3) Know the evidence for the wave nature of light. Pages 166-170 The wave theory explains how light travels through space, and how it interacts with matter to be reflected, absorbed, or refracted 4) Know the evidence for the particle nature of light. Page 170-171 The particle theory can explain the photoelectric effect and blackbody radiation. 5) No the 5...
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...The most important concept to understand within the fire phenomena is heat transfer. Heat transfer is everywhere within the aspects of fire, such as fire development. Before the three types of heat transfer can be explained, a few more things need to be understood. Such as heat is the transfer of energy based on a temperature difference between two objects. Also that temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of the molecules in an object. Now the three types of heat transfer and first up is Conduction which is the transfer of energy in the form of heat by direct contact through excitement of molecules with driven by a temperature difference. Energy travels from a high to a low and the same thing happens with heat. When the high temperature molecules collide with the low temperature molecules, a transfer of energy occurs from the hot, more energetic molecules to the colder, less energetic molecules and this is recognized as conduction. Conduction is most prevalent in solids but it can also be found in liquids and gases. The rate at which heat is transmitted through a material by conduction depends on thermal conductivity which is a characteristic of a material and its mass. The easiest way to think of conduction is to hold a metal rod by one end and put the other over a fire. Eventually the hot energetic molecules from the fire will transfer to the cold, less energetic molecules of the metal rod and slowly creep up the rod to the cold end where it is being held and then...
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...Optical Pumping Lab Report [Basic Principle] Before discussing the optical pumping, we have to mention the energy levels of the atom and their splitting due to the interaction between the spin of electron, orbital angular momentum of electron and spin of nuclei. We denote them with S, L, and I respectively. And the total angular momentum of electron is denoted by J, (Grand) total angular momentum is denoted by F. Therefore we will have to deal with the LS interaction, IJ interaction and later the interaction between the Grand total angular momentum and external magnetic field. A very schematic picture of the energy levels of 87Rb under a weak external field is shown in Fig. 1. After applying an weak external magnetic field on the atom, the formally degenerated energy level with same F will further split into 2F+1 sublevels, denoted by mF which is the projection of Grand total angular momentum to the direction of external field B0. Fig. 1 Until now we haven't mention any thing about the optical pumping. Now we have the atom well prepared, the only thing we have to do is to illuminate the vapor of Rubidium with some well tuned highly polarized light. Well tuned means the spectrum of the incident light is better to be narrow, this can be achieved by using a interference filter to screen out the unwanted light and let only the D1 line pass, namely when this light illuminated on the Rb vapor, only transitions between sublevels originated from 5S1/2 and sublevels originated...
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...Dr. P.P. Paily CVEN 3100: Fluid Mechanics Fluid Properties: Review Questions 1. What is the definition of a fluid? A substance that deforms continuously when acted on by a shearing stress of any magnitude. 2. Normal force per unit area in a fluid is called what? Pressure 3. True or False: - Static fluids are not subjected to shear force at any time. T 4. True or False: - Normal forces can occur in a fluid whether it is static or Moving T 5. What is the relation between absolute pressure and gage pressure? Absolute pressure can be found from the gage pressure by adding the value of the atmospheric pressure. 6. What formula is used to calculate density of gases? Identify the parameters in the formula p/RT 7. Define specific weight. What is relation to density? Weight per unit volume. Multiply by gravity 8. Because of viscosity, what happens when a fluid tries to flow? It resists and does not flow quick 9. What is kinematic viscosity? The ratio of absolute viscosity to density 10. State the Newton’s law of viscosity and express it mathematically. Change in velocity over distance which velocity changes. Du/dy 11. What is the purpose of lubricating metal hinges? 12. Why does viscosity of liquids decrease with temperature? Molecules are spread further apart 13. Why does viscosity of gases increase with temperature? Molecular activity increases 14...
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...Introduction to Heat and Temperature Gonzalo Leon Strayer University 2012/01/27 Introduction to Heat and Temperature Relation between the Study of Heat and Kinetic Theory Kinetic theory can be describes as a scientific theory of the movement of an object. Kinetic theory relates to capacity of a subject to do work on another object due to their motion. Kinetic theory of matter explains that the same is compose of tiny pieces of, atoms or molecules in continues motion. The theory states that the actions of matter inside an object and the actions heat generates. Kinetic theory explains as well the temperature transition by the means of transmission, where thermal powers shows to be conducted throughout matter, heating up cooler regions. This reaction is the delivery of heat or heat flow. Kinetic theory relates to the study of heat due to the fact that once heat is produced, kinetic energy is created as well. Heat energy can convert or transfer its self into kinetic energy that could make a subject move. Definition of Heat and Temperature Heat: Heat could simply be summarize as been energy. It is the delivery of Kinetic energy from one subject to a different one. Heat is conveyed in three different ways: radiation, convection and conduction. An example of heat by radiation could be infrared energy when this one strikes a surface. Heat by conduction occurs when two subjects are in direct contract with one another. Heat by convection can occur as the movement of a liquid...
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...T194 Date Class Name Date Class Name CHAPTER Section 13.1 continued 13 In your textbook, read about gas pressure. STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY CHAPTER 13 STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY States of Matter Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 13. Pressure is defined as force per unit a. area. 14. What is an instrument designed to measure atmospheric pressure? a. barometer b. manometer c. sphygmomanometer b. mass. c. time. Section 13.1 Gases In your textbook, read about the kinetic-molecular theory. d. volume. Complete each statement. 1. The kinetic molecular theory describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in d. thermometer motion a. altitude. b. atmospheric pressure. . 15. The height of the liquid in a barometer is affected by all of the following EXCEPT the c. density of the liquid in the column. d. diameter of the column tube. Chemistry: Matter and Change 16. The pressure of the gas in a manometer is directly related to which of the following 2. The kinetic-molecular theory makes the following assumptions. a. In a sample of a gas, the volume of the gas particles themselves is very small quantities? compared to the volume of the sample. b. Because gas particles are far apart, there are no significant attractive or repulsive forces random motion. d. a c. a a. height of the mercury column in the closed-end arm b. height of the...
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...1. Energy Level: the specific energies an electron in an atom or other system can have 2. Quantum: the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another 3. Quantum Mechanical Model: the modern description, primarily mathematical, of the behavior of electrons in atoms 4. Atomic Orbital: a mathematical expression describing the probability of finding an electron at various locations; usually represented by the region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron 5. Electron Configurations: the arrangement of electrons of an atom in its ground state into various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms 6. Aufbau Principle: the rule that electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first 7. Pauli Exclusion Principle: an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction 8. Spin: a quantum mechanical property of electrons that may be thought of as clockwise or counterclockwise 9. Hund’s Rule: electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible 10. Amplitude: the height of a wave’s crest 11. Wavelength: the distance between adjacent crests of a wave 12. Frequency: the number of wave cycles that pass a given point per unit of time; frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other 13. Hertz: the unit of frequency; equal to one cycle...
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...CHM130 Lab 4 Calorimetry Name: Data Table: (12 points) |ALUMINUM METAL | | |Pre-weighed Aluminum metal | | |sample mass (mmetal) |19.88 | |Temperature of boiling water and metal sample in | | |the pot (Ti(metal)) | | | | | | | | | | | |dsdfa(Ti | | |Temperature of cool water in | | |the calorimeter prior to adding hot metal sample | | |(Ti(water)) | | |Maximum Temperature of | ...
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...Student guide: Name:____________________ Discuss the words in the box. o review we have already covered and new you will learn today Guiding Question: How do the properties of amplitude and frequency affect wavelength? Start: [pic] 1. Click on the first link 2. For this activity you will be collecting data to explore three properties of a wave. 3. [pic] Explore the simulation with your partner. Be sure to click on all the buttons. 4. For the first set of investigations, we will look at amplitude. • you need to be on [pic] [pic] • The rest of your screen should be set up like this: [pic] [pic]Look over the data table, on the back, and discuss how get the data you need. [pic] moves the wave. |Amplitude setting | Height of wave at the start |Distance ring moves on pole (end) | | |(be sure your ruler is lined up correctly) | | |100 |17 cm |2 cm | |50 |9 cm |1 cm | |5 |1 cm ...
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...It is not a strange realization to see that walking foot over foot on a tightrope takes balance in any scenario. The ability to walk on a tightrope however does revolve physics and its properties. Angular rotation, (w=L/I), angular momentum, (L=IW), and moment of inertia,(I=mr^2), are three major physical categories and characteristics that play a part in a tightrope walker’s ability to stay on the rope and not fall to his potential demise. But how does a tightrope walker increase his chances of staying on the rope? Often times one can see a tightrope walker carrying a large pole, a pole with heavy weights on the end, bending his knees, or extending their hands outward. All of these actions help to increase the ropewalker’s chances of success. Picture the rope as the axis. When a tightrope walker embarks on his journey, he must stay constantly positioned over that axis to maintain balance. Carrying a pole horizontally helps to distribute the ropewalker’s mass laterally in a direction away from the axis, or rope. Having a pole in hand helps to increase stability because the ends of the pole are constantly being acted upon by a variety of forces that are trying to change their position in the air with every step. The heavier the pole the more force will be needed to alter the poles position and begin rotation around the rope. Heavy weights can sometimes be placed on the end of the pole increasing stability. More force will be needed to move the heavier pole. The weights essentially...
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...Computational Condensed Matter 4 (2015) 32e39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computational Condensed Matter journal homepage: http://ees.elsevier.com/cocom/default.asp Regular article Putting DFT to the trial: First principles pressure dependent analysis on optical properties of cubic perovskite SrZrO3 Ghazanfar Nazir a, b, *, Afaq Ahmad b, Muhammad Farooq Khan a, Saad Tariq b a b Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 8 July 2015 Received in revised form 21 July 2015 Accepted 27 July 2015 Available online 31 July 2015 Here we report optical properties for cubic phase Strontium Zirconate (SrZrO3) at different pressure values (0, 40, 100, 250 and 350) GPa under density functional theory (DFT) using Perdew-Becke-Johnson (PBE-GGA) as exchange-correlation functional. In this article we first time report all the optical properties for SrZrO3. The real and imaginary dielectric functions has investigated along with reflectivity, energy loss function, optical absorption coefficient, optical conductivity, refractive index and extinction coefficient under hydrostatic pressure. We demonstrated the indirect and direct bandgap behavior of SrZrO3 at (0) GPa and (40, 100, 250 and 350) GPa respectively. In addition, static dielectric...
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...Physics Mid-‐Term Exam revision 8/19/14 Directions: It is important that you provide answers in your own words. Please focus only on information from the text/eBook to create your own solutions. Please do not use direct information from an outside source (especially copying and pasting from an “answer” website). Use of direct information from an outside source is against school policy. All answers will be checked for plagiarism. Instances of plagiarism can result in probation or possible dismissal from the school. Grading: Please be sure to follow all guidelines (number of sentences/showing all calculations) and to provide the correct metric units of measure. All questions are 5 points (1 point for sentence number /correct units). 1. Makayla is talking to Mia about the whether we ever landed on the Moon. Mia says,” I have a theory about...
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...generally produces energy. 2. The fusion of nuclei heavier than iron absorbs energy. 3. Mark Oliphant in 1932 4. The collision of two nuclei produces the most energy 5. You have to get the nuclei so close to each other in order to break the repulsion force awnd combine them. 6. We can’t make a fusion reactor using gravity because gravity is a fuel and fusion reactor needs a large amount of fuel 7. Protons and neutrinos 8. Two helium-3 isotopes Task 5: Nuclear explosions 1. August 6, 1945 2. Little boy 3. August 29th 1949 4. October 3rd 1952 5. Ivy Mike was the codename given to first test of a full scale thermonuclear device. 6. February 13th 1960 7. October 16th 1964 8. May 18th 1974 9. May 28th 1998 10. October 9th 2006. Negative economic effects were seen throughout the region. Task 6: Neutron bomb 1. Enhanced Radiation Weapon 2. 1996 3. They could be used as anti-ballistic missile weapons 4. It was the first weapon intended to kill humans with radiation Task 7: Nuclear fallout 1. It is the residual radioactive material that is left into the upper atmosphere following nuclear blast/reaction taken place in an unshielded facility 2. N 3. LD50 is a standard measurement of acute toxicity and represents the individual dose required to kill 50 percent of a population of test animals 4. 60 days 5. Most people become ill after when exposed to 1Gy or more 6. 3 to 5 weeks 7. N 8. The key differences are volatility and half-life Task...
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... Jennifer turnblom Density Lab Mr. Elliot Science 18 September 2016 density; Density is a way to measure how tightly packed particles are in a object. Objects with more density have less empty space in them (less holey). To find the density of an object its often measured in grams per milliliter (g/ml). To find the density of an object you measure the number of grams it is (mass) then divide by amount of space it takes up ( volume). The final equation should look something like this, v/m=d. To find the density of the 25 objects I will use the formula volume/mass=density. Mass Mass is the quantity of matter in an object regardless of the volume or forces acting upon it. mass is a measurement of the amount of matter in an object Mass is always constant for an object no matter where the object is located The formula for mass is density X volume = mass Mass is measured in kilograms (kg), Grams (g) and milligrams (mg) Mass can be measured using scale, for example if you use an electronic scale. Put the object on the measuring scale then wit until the number stop changing and the number shown is you weight Although sometimes mass ca be mistaken for being the same at weight its not, its actually different. Even though we often calculate an object's mass by measuring its weight with a scale. For example if you took an object from space and an object from earth, the object from...
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