...The “father of adolescence,” Granville Stanley Hall is best known for his prodigious scholarship that shaped adolescent themes in psychology, education, and popular culture. Granville Stanley Hall was born in a small farming village in Massachusetts, and his upbringing was modest and conservative. He has produced over 400 books and articles and had become the first president of Clark University, Massachusetts, but his greatest achievement has been his research work on child centered research, education, and adolescence to a society in transition. He was instrumental in the development of educational psychology, and attempted to determine the effect adolescence has on education. “The Contents of Children’s Minds,” an 1883 publication of Hall helped him establish himself as the leader of the “child-study” movement, which aimed to utilize scientific findings on what children know and when they learn it as a way of understanding the history of and the means of progress in human life. Searching for a source of personal and social rebirth, Hall turned to the theory of evolution for a biologically based ideal of human development, the optimum condition of which was health. His pure and vigorous adolescent countered the fragmented, deadening, and reutilized qualities of urban industrial life. Hall theorized adolescence as the beginning of a new life and welded this vision to a scientific claim that this new life could contribute to the evolution of the race, if properly administered...
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...Luis Miguel D. Velasco 3-J English I. Research Topics : Social media plays a crucial role in a teenager’s life. II. Thesis Statement : Social media reveals the true character or identity of a teenagers either be popular or full of negative feedbacks, these highly affect how teen’s look and value their lives. III. Research Proposal : A. Research Purpose 1) To observe if teens get distracted with schooling (grades/academics) 2) To determine if teens struggle with friends in school and outside (social events & extra-curricular) 3) To identify how teen’s look at life (affected, positive or negative) due to social media. B. Research Questions 1) Do online social networks corrupt values and morals of a teen or every social media user in general? 2) Do teenagers be cautions in posting or sharing information about themselves in social networks? 3) Do teenagers spend more time browsing & surfing social media networks rather than studying academics for school? 4) Does social media affect relationships between children / teenagers and their parents? 5) Can cyberbullying be present to teens in social media networks? IV. Annotated Bibliography Subject guides. (2015, February 3). Retrieved February 17, 2015, from http://subjectguides.fortlewis.edu/content_mobile.php?pid=435944&Sid=3604900 Niemer, E. (2012, February 1). Teenagers and social media. Retrieved February 17, 2015, from http://www.alive.com/articles/view/23615/teenagers_and_social_media ...
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...PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION ASSIGNMENT TOPIC: WHY IS THE PERIOD OF ADOLESCENCE OFTEN REFERRED TO AS A PERIOD OF STRESS AND STORM? The “father of adolescence,” Granville Stanley Hall coined the phrase “storm and stress” with reference to adolescence and applied the phrase as he saw turmoil during adolescence as universal and inevitable. Adolescence derived from the Latin word adolescere meaning "to grow up" is a transitional stage of physical sex and mental human development generally occurring between puberty and legal adulthood but largely characterized as beginning and ending with the teenage stage.Hence,an adolescent is a person between the ages of 13 and 19. Adolescence is viewed as a transitional period whose chief purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles. It is important at this point to address directly the question of what is included under the concept of adolescent storm and stress. Taking historical and theoretical views in combination with contemporary research, the core of the storm and stress view seems to be the idea that adolescence is a period of life that is difficult; more difficult in some ways than other periods of life and difficult for adolescents as well as for the people around them. This idea, that adolescence is difficult, includes three key elements, these are: Conflict with parents and other authority figures: Adolescence is a time when the wisdom and advice of parents and teachers is overtopped, and...
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...Adolescence project final Frelimo Kweheria Ivy tech community College Adolescence is a period in development between the onset of puberty and adulthood. It usually begins between 11 and 13 years of age with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and spans the teenage years, terminating at 18 to 20 years of age with the completion of the development of the adult form. During this period, the individual undergoes extensive physical, psychologic, emotional, and personality changes. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier. Stress in relation to adolescents can be said to be the challenges faced and dealt with during this process of growth, these stress can be related to the pressure and expectation from the society, media and peers pressure, stress is not necessary caused by these process of growth but by the demand and responsibility that is usually attached to it.These period of development in adolescents have various impact and effects on what kind of stress they face and how it is being dealt with, these stress can either physical, intellectual, emotional or social. Adolescent period is often believed to be a difficult period and very critical stage of transition because of various qualitative shift that they pass through at that moment of life and this conflicts with breaking away from the old self and interest of the childhood memories...
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...“Adolescence is the most difficult time in a person’s life” “Adolescence is a new birth, for the higher and more completely human traits are now born”, G. Stanley Hall once said. As the quotation says, adolescence is a period of life which carries many changes such as a rapid physical development and deep emotional changes. This new birth can be sometimes confusing and uncomfortable for adolescents and their parents as well. Although it is a moment that we all go through in our lives, I believe it can be found to be a hard period due to a number of problems that may be commonly developed at the time. Firstly, puberty is one of the most difficult processes in adolescence which involves rapid physical and hormone changes. These changes can produce periods of restlessness and moodiness and may include, for example, regarding girls, growth of hair under-arm, menstrual periods, body and pubic hair, and regarding boys, voice breaks, growth of body and pubic hair as well as facial hair. As a result of these rapid modifications, adolescents may find affected their level of school performance because they are worried about sexual problems and may be trying to hide their new body from their teachers, friends or classmates. Secondly, together with the changes I mentioned, parents also play an important and crucial role in adolescence. For instance, as adolescent’s life outside the family develops, parents may feel that they become less important in their lives and thus, they may feel...
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...Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development * John Locke (1632-1704) British philosopher Tabula rasa “blank slate”- Learning through: instruct, reward, discipline * Jean J. Rousseau (1712-1778) French Philosopher Noble savage- Endowed with an innate sense of justice and morality that unfolds naturally as children grow * Charles Darwin British Naturalist 1809 -1882 Conceptual Contribution: evolutionary theory; survival of the fittest * Stanley Hall (1844-1924) norming studies: founded child-study institute at Clark University. First president of American Psychological Association. * Alfred Binet (1857-1911) French psychologist- intelligence test - Binet-Simon Test Stanford-Binet Test The Biological Perspective: Definition: Development is determined primarily by biological forces * In ethological theory, many behaviors are viewed as adaptive because they have survival value (examples: Reflexes, crying, social interactions (attention-seeking); self-control/independence; * In maturational theory, development reflects the natural unfolding of a pre-arranged biological plan; Arnold Gesell (1880-1961)Critical Period – imprinting (Konrad Lorez 1903-1989), language) The Learning Perspective * Classical Conditioning – Watson’s little Albert Experiment * Operant Conditioning – B. F. Skinner (reinforcement and punishment) * Bandura’s social cognitive theory: children are actively trying to understand what is going on in their world; what is reinforced...
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...Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs academic success and neurobehavioral functioning. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs emotional regulation. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs health. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs adolescents’ driving ability. 6 Sleep Behaviour Across Development 6 New-borns and Infants (0 to 12 months) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 Early Childhood (12 Months to 6 Years of Age) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 School-Age Years 8 Developmental changes in sleep. 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 8 Adolescence 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 9 Further studies regarding the effect of sleep on the development and psychology of children and adolescents. 9 Sleep and the Body Mass Index and Overweight Status of Children and Adolescents 9 Sleepless in Chicago: Tracking the Effects of Adolescent Sleep Loss During the Middle School Years 10 Sleep, Learning, and the Developing Brain: Early-to-Bed as a Healthy and Wise Choice for School Aged Children (EDITORIAL [41]) 11 Key Features of Preventative Sleep Education Programs 13 Sleep deprivation may result from lifestyle choices. 13 Sleep deprivation may be caused by poor sleep habits or changes in developmental needs. 13 Sleep deprivation caused by sleep...
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...Functioning 5 Sleep deprivation impairs learning and memory. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs academic success and neurobehavioral functioning. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs emotional regulation. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs health. 5 Sleep deprivation impairs adolescents’ driving ability. 6 Sleep Behaviour Across Development 6 New-borns and Infants (0 to 12 months) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 Early Childhood (12 Months to 6 Years of Age) 7 Developmental changes in sleep. 7 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 7 School-Age Years 8 Developmental changes in sleep. 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 8 Adolescence 8 Behavioural and psychological factors affecting sleep behaviour. 9 Further studies...
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...Bullying/ Cyber bullying Bullying is a serious mental health problem that leaves many school age children, adolescents and young adults to suffer in silence. Nevertheless the subject has earned much notoriety because of media coverage after tragic suicide deaths of young adults. Bullying affects the quality of the academic environment for all students. Anyone can be a target of bullying. On the other hand anyone hes the potential to be a bully. Therefore a greater emphasis needs to be placed on educators to empower students with the knowledge that this type of behavior is unacceptable. It is vital to work to establish a positive, supportive school culture for the emotional well-being of students, teachers, and faculty. It was reported that on Wednesday, October 10, 2012, 15 year old Amanda Todd of Port Coquitlam, Canada apparently committed suicide after being subjected to bullying on and offline. Amanda was a sophomore at Coquitlam Alternate Basic Education High School. When Amanda was in the 7th grade a man coerced her into flashing him on her web camera (Grenoble). A year later the man contacted her via Facebook and threatened that he would send the topless photo to everyone she knew if she did not “put on a show” for him on her webcam. Through the power of the internet he had been able to access her personal information, including that of her friends and relatives. Amanda refused his request and the photo was forwarded. All of Amanda’s friends turned on her and...
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...International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy Volume 2, No. 1, 2006 Trichotillomania: Behavioral Assessment and Treatment Interventions Brandy L. Kell & Victoria E. Kress Abstract This article examines the behavioral treatment of Trichotillomania. A brief overview of the diagnosis and assessment of Trichotillomania is provided. Guidelines for a structured clinical evaluation when working with people diagnosed with Trichotillomania are supplied. The most effective behavioral interventions and treatments for working with client’s diagnosed with Trichotillomania are discussed. Keywords: Trichotillomania, Behavioal Assessment,Behavior Treatment Introduction The reported incidence of Trichotillomania is rising with an estimated prevalence rate of 1%, suggesting that nearly 2.5 million people in the United States have this disorder (Diefenbach, Reitman, & Williamson, 2000). Increased attention should be given to the assessment and treatment of Trichotillomania to fulfill the escalating needs of those dealing with this mental disorder. There is a tendency for the severity of this disorder to be overlooked due to the underestimation of prevalence, and high rate of comorbidity with other psychological disorders (Mulinari-Brenner & Bergfeld, 2001). This article will provide suggestions for the behavioral assessment and treatment of Trichotillomania. It is helpful for individuals to become familiar with the diagnostic features of Trichotillomania to establish the proper...
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...This chapter is an introduction to the ideas, people, and events that have guided scientific activity in developmental psychology over the past century. Its preparation has been facilitated by several recent publications on the history of developmental psychology. The views of the past held by active researchers are reflected in chapters of the edited volume, A Century of Developmental Psychology (Parke, Ornstein, Rieser, & Zahn-Waxler, 1994). The contributors are, with few exceptions, currently involved in contemporary research. Secondary commentaries can provide useful guides and interpretations, but there is no substitute for consulting original sources. To that end, a reprint series containing historically significant original articles and volumes has been prepared by Wozniak (e.g., 1993, 1997). Other recent volumes include the contributions of professional historians and others who are not enmeshed in current empirical debates of the discipline (e.g., Broughton & Freeman-Moir, 1982; Elder, Modell, & Parke, 1993). In addition, the social relevance and the making of the discipline in American society have been told expertly by Sears (1975) and White (1995). Any single overview—including this one—can tell only part of the story.1 Adopting the convention used in the previous Handbook of Child Psychology, 20 years must lapse before a contribution or event qualifies as historical. Two decades constitute approximately one generation in the life of our science; therefore, 1976...
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...more . . . Getting Started with APA Citation Style What is APA Style? American Psychological Association (APA) style is one of several styles for academic writing. This guide covers frequently used citation forms. The sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (BF 76.7 .P83 2010) is a comprehensive resource, available at most UBC Libraries. General Rules • Formatting: The preferred APA font is a serif typeface such as Times New Roman with 12-point size. Double- space between all lines of text, including the reference list. Have uniform margins of at least 1 in. (2.54 cm) on all sides. • Hanging indents should be used for the reference list entries. This means that all lines after the first line of each entry should be indented one half inch from the left margin (in Word 2007 use Paragraph>Special>Hanging). • Arrange reference list entries in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author or by title if there is no author. Use only the initial(s) of the author's given name, not the full name, with a space between the initials. • If the reference list includes two or more entries by the same author(s), list them in chronological order (oldest first). Add a lower case letter (a, b, etc.) after the year, within the parentheses. • Capitalize only the first letter of the first word in the article or book title. Proper nouns are also capitalized as well as the word following a colon (subtitle). Journal titles should have every...
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...Chapter 1 notes: What is Psychology? Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Some people might think that psychologists are interested only in problem or abnormal behaviors. In fact they are interested in every aspect of human thought and behavior. Perhaps the best way to introduce psychology is to look at what topics interest psychologists. The Fields of Psychology Two major organizations American Psychological Association (APA), founded over 100 years ago, and the American Psychological Society (APS), founded in 1988. Developmental Psychology Development psychologists study human mental and physical growth from the prenatal period through childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Child psychologists focus on infants and children. Adolescent psychologists, who specialize in the teenage years. Life-span psychologists, who focus on the adult years. Physiological Psychology Physiological Psychologists investigate the biological basis of human behavior, thoughts, and emotions. Neuropsychologists are primarily interested n the brain and the nervous system. Psychobiologists specialize in the body’s biochemistry and in the way that hormones, psychoactive medications (such antidepressants), and “social drugs” (such as alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) affect people. Behavioral geneticists investigate the impact of heredity on both normal and abnormal traits and behavior. Experimental Psychology Experimental psychologists conduct...
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...Adolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma Raquel A. Figueroa Liberty University COUN 620-B02 Abstract In a generation of hopelessness, adolescents seek a purpose for their existence. They seek refugee from violence, abuse and maltreatment. The overwhelming pressure opens the door for instant gratification in drugs, alcohol, sexual activity, and fail to make appropriate adjustments in compromising circumstances. There is a correlation between traumatic experiences and adolescent cognitive development. A traumatic experience can alter an adolescent’s neural system and adversely affect the latter stages of brain development. Working with survivors of traumatic events requires an understanding of maladaptive behaviors, reactions and coping skills. Behavioral patterns emerge and become part of an adolescent’s personality. This paper will highlight the impact of traumatic experiences on adolescent cognitive development and their ability to foster an intrinsic knowledge of self. Maltreatment of adolescents has reached epidemic proportions within the United States. According to Bright (2008), “One in four children/adolescents experience at least one traumatic event before age 16” (p. 11). A study commissioned by Finkelhor, Ormrod, & Turner (2005) concluded the exposure to “physical abuse, sexual abuse, witnessing domestic violence, community violence, and natural disasters is a common occurrence among children in the U.S.” (p. 314). Reports of...
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...1 Evidence-Based Counseling Interventions With Children of Divorce: Implications for Elementary School Counselors Marianne E. Connolly Johns Hopkins University Eric J. Green The Chicago School of Professional Psychology Evidence-Based Counseling 2 Abstract Parental divorce has become increasingly common for large numbers of families in schools (Lamden, King, & Goldman, 2002). This article addresses the effects of divorce on children and protective factors supporting their adjustment. Evidence-based interventions for children of divorce in elementary school counseling programs are discussed. School-based consultation, the Children of Divorce Intervention Program, and the Children’s Support Group are three evidence-based practices described. Implications for schools counselors are provided to help integrate research findings and practice. Evidence-Based Counseling 3 Evidence-Based Counseling Interventions With Children of Divorce: Implications for Elementary School Counselors Children of divorce comprise a significant portion of the U.S. school population. Each year in the United States, more than one million children experience parental divorce (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Projections indicate that by age 18, approximately 40% of children will experience their parents’ divorce. Because divorce affects a significant number of children, a body of empirical literature has emerged addressing its impact (Amato, 2001; Amato & Keith, 1991; Hipke...
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