...Global Marketing Strategies Contents TASK 1 2 1.0. INTRODUCTION 3 2.0. HOW CREDIT CRUNCH WILL AFFECT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS? 4 3.0. RECOMMENDATIONS TO OVERCOME THIS CREDIT CRUNCH 6 4.0. CONCLUSION 7 5.0. BIBLIOGRAPHY 8 TASK 1 Discuss the likely effects to international/global business by the recent credit crunch. Suggest ways to overcome these problems. 1.0. INTRODUCTION Credit crunch is an economic downturn, when the world experiences a credit crisis. It is caused by declining value in real estate and by defaulting loans, arising from contraction in the supply of credit. A credit crunch is a [sudden] reduction in the availability of liquidity in the financial markets ( i.e. loans or credit) resulting in a sudden increase in the cost of obtaining a loan from financial institutions(Pearson, M. 2008) The United States of America banks had extended loans for purchase of homes to “risky” clients and this resulted in loan defaults in mortgages but soon spread to the rest of the market both in the United States of America and in the rest of the world. 2.0. HOW CREDIT CRUNCH WILL AFFECT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS? The credit crunch affects international business in many ways as described below: 1.0. High Interest rates- the credit crunch has resulted in high interest rates and high cost of borrowing. This affects businesses as the cost of re-financing or diversifying a business increases. Businesses with large debt see high cost of...
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...Motivation - a reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way. (Oxford Dictionaries, 2013) The role of money as a motivator at work has been widely argued over a number of years. Some people say that money is the prime factor that gets employees motivated at work; some people say there are other more important factors that influence employees. It is necessary to look at various theories in order to answer the question about the role of money as a motivator in the workplace. “Where there is little pleasure in the work itself…many people may appear to be motivated primarily, if not exclusively, by money” (Mullins, 2007). Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation (1964) develops an idea that the amount of effort and level of performance directly depends on the value of the reward at the end and the overall probability of achieving it and thus, motivates employees (Mullins, 2007). The motivational force is presented as follows: ------------------------------------------------- MOTIVATIONAL FORCE = (EXPECTANCY ×INSTRUMENTALITY) × VALENCE ------------------------------------------------- Source: Hitt, Miller, Colella (2006) A combination of factors such as the sense of manageable, attractive outcomes/rewards (valence) and the overall probability of getting the reward (expectancy), leads to motivation with the help of hard work and effort. Hitt, Miller and Colella (2006) claim that the given theory has got some implications for managers who try to increase...
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...(2002) study was used and that study is similar with that present study. Same as this current study, Essex et al (2002) conducted a study on infants who were exposed to stressful situations and this study used the cortisol hormones to reveal the changes on behavior and cortisol hormones. The sample size is 32 and there are two different age groups so the sample size will be 16 for each group. By using G-power, the effect size of this study found 1.02 and the critical t of this study found 2.04. The study of the Essex et al. (2002)’s effect size was 3.45 and the critical t was 2.78. Essex et al. (2002) study was used as an example to decide the sample size of this current study to find high statistical...
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...strategies needed for effective learning” Word Count: 858 Effective learning involves students learning a broad range of core skills and strategies that can be learnt and developed throughout the Higher Education (HE) life span. Throughout this essay discussion will explore the core tasks and strategies of effective learning, including the importance of “self” within the context of learning, the academic skills required and the scholarly expertise required to understand, research and produce academic essays or reports. Finally, a summary of the approach to effective learning will be detailed within the conclusion Studying at HE differs from other types of studying as students are expected to manage and their learning. Cottrell (2013, p. 10) reaffirms this, stating “that in HE, success lies largely in your own hands.” Generic literature (Payne and Whittaker, 2006; Price and Maier, 2006; Moore et al, 2010; Burns and Sinfield, 2012; McMillan and Weyers, 2012; Bedford and Wilson, 2013; Cottrell, 2013) is published on study skills and provides broad based overviews (skills, tasks and strategies) of the prerequisites required for learning at HE level. More task focused texts Godfrey (2011) on writing for university, Godwin (2014) on writing an essay, Cottrell (2011) on critical thinking, McMillan and Weyers (2012) on referencing and plagiarism and Williams et al. (2012) on reflective writing run parallel to the generic texts. Both these lists are in no way exhaustive but provide...
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...Barrack Gold Corporation Introduction The following essay focuses on the mining conglomerate Barrick Gold Corporation. Barrick owns gold and copper mines across Australia, Africa, and the Americas and these geographical locations provide the focus of the essay’s Macroenviromental analysis. The gold is sold to various gold bullion dealers at market prices whereas copper is sold to copper product manufacturers and copper traders in Europe, North America, South America and Asia (BarrickResponsibilty, 2013). Barrick’s Macroenviroment According to Kotler et al. (2011) a company and all of the other actors operate in a larger macroenviroment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to a company such as Barrick. Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick (2013) further imply that it is these actors and forces that affect the mining company’s capability to operate effectively in providing products and services to its customers. Its external environment is characterized by elements that do not have an immediate impact on its performance albeit their impact being felt over the long term. There are those that can influence the company marketing activities without management being able to control them hence the need to continuously monitor them or risk going out of business (Wilson, 2006). The framework that best discusses these elements is the PESTLE Analysis as it provides the strategic planning and environmental analysis that can be useful for Barrick to improve performance and ensure its...
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...CMI Learner Statement of Authenticity – Level 3 To be completed by candidate and submitted with coursework: Centre name: | St Helens College | Candidate name: | | | CMI Number: | | Qualification title: | | Unit title(s): | | Unit code(s): | | Date due for assessment: | | Extension request date | | | | Extension granted | Y/N | Actual date evidence submitted: | | Revised due date | | Candidate declaration: | * I confirm that the work/evidence presented for assessment is my own unaided work. * I have read the assessment regulations and understand that if I am found to have ‘copied’ from published work without acknowledgement, or from other candidate’s work, this may be regarded as plagiarism which is an offence against the assessment regulations and leads to failure in the relevant unit and formal disciplinary action. * I agree to this work being subjected to scrutiny by textual analysis software if required. * I understand that my work may be used for future academic/quality assurance purposes in accordance with the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1998. * I understand that the work/evidence submitted for assessment may not be returned to me and that I have retained a copy for my records. * I have completed the assignment in accordance with CMI instructions and within the time limits set by my CMI Centre. * By signing my name below I am agreeing that I have read and understood the Learner Statement of Authenticity | Signature:...
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...Assessment briefing: Branding is one of the key elements of marketing in today’s global world (based on Lee and Carter 2012). Critically appraise how marketers can manage brands across transnational markets. Consider the competitive advantage that branding brigs to a product as well as the cultural considerations that must be respected. Choose ONE brand in your industry as an example to illustrate your points. Branding in a Global tourism marketing strategy is key element (Witt and Moutinho, 1995). A brand is composed of a name, design or sign, which is adopted to recognise a facility delivered by an institution or organization (Witt and Moutinho, 1995). This essay will discuss the importance of branding as a key element in today’s global marketing. We will take in consideration of Virgin as an example of Global brand. Mawson (2000) argues that in the United States of America, Back in the days in the Mid-west, the cowboys would imprint with a very hot iron their cattle’s buttocks with the name of their ranch to show possession and to marked them to differentiate from the neighbour’s. This is an example of how branding existed decades ago. A brand is purely a merchandise or service which can be notable from its rivals (Hankinson and Cowking, 1996). Popular brands are the ones that fulfil the desires and objective of a distinct target market (Hankinson and Cowking, 1996). Branding is an important and planned process that embroils all parts of the firm in its delivery...
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...Marketing and selling. What difference? BY AIMABLE INEZA innezar@yahoo.fr 6 AUGUST, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENT PAGES I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………….. II. MARKETING AND SELLING CONCEPTS ……………………………......... 2.1. Marketing concept ………………………………………………………… 2.2. Selling concept ……………………………………………………………. 2.3. The difference between marketing and selling …………………………… III. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS IN ORGANIZATIONS …………………………. 3.1. Purpose of competitor analysis ……………………………………………. IV. CONCLUSION …………………………………….. .…………………………… REFERENCE …………………………………………………………………………. 1 1 3 5 5 5 6 7 8 I. INTRODUCTION Today’s businesses around the world cannot ignore the impact that the global economy is having on their performance. The advance of internet and information transparency has brought about an increasingly mobile workforce, rapidly changing technology and multiple business models. As a result, companies have become less capable of predicting and controlling the short-term shape of their very market. As a result, more and more companies are choosing to adopt a marketing-led philosophy to enable them to win market shares, capture and retain the hearts and minds of current and prospective customers. [World Marketing Network (www.gmnhome.com)] Palmer (2009) defines marketing as a business philosophy that puts customers at the center of an organization’s considerations. This philosophy...
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...column A stands for the sample number * The column B stands for the Catalogue Reference Number * The Column C stands for the sales Unit Cost sales * The column D stands for the annual Sales * The Column E stands for the total cost of the per unit item which is calculated by multiplying sales unit cost into yearly sales. SP stands for total cost. * The Column F stands for the demands per week which is calculated by the division of last 12 month sales by 52 weeks * The Column G stands for the whole number. * The column H stands for the Reorder units * The column I stands for inventory in last year end * The column J stands for total inventory which is an addition of reorder units and inventory in year end * The column K determines the stock cover for every item * The column L stands for stock turn * The column M stands for stock for 52 weeks * The column N stands for stock week for 10 weeks * The column O and the column P shows the ABC analysis * The column Q determines the EOQ for A items * The values are categorized by their catalogue reference number....
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...1 Introduction Programming/Planning —together with diagnosing, conducting lessons and evaluating— constitutes one of the four basic tasks that teaching entails. This is so because teaching necessitates some kind of organization. The need to plan lies on the high degree of complexity of teaching and on the manifold nature of those variables that affect the different elements upon which it is built up, such as physical spaces, timetables, teachers, pupils… According to De Pablo (1992), planning is a decision-taking process by teachers in terms of anticipating their teaching practice. Gimeno & Pérez (1992) consider planning as an intermediate stage between theory and practice in which teachers draw up their educational interventions from a purely theoretical point of view. The main features of this model of planning/programming within the frame of our present educational system are: Based on the teaching-learning process. Its aim is the development of our students’ capacities. Contents make reference to three different but complementary spheres: concepts, procedures and attitudes. Special attention is paid to activities, resources and the organization of the FL setting (space, time, groupings). Each and every of its components (objectives, contents, basic competences, activities, resources, evaluation…) are intimately interwoven. Offers a flexible model open to continuous suggestions and corrections. 2 Contextualization Our present-day curricular model...
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...Marketing 3.0 Según la Real Academia Española, marketing es una voz inglesa que se traduce como mercadotecnia o mercadología. Este concepto concluye en el conjunto de principios y prácticas que buscan incrementar el comercio de mercancías, especialmente de la demanda. Coloquial y literalmente se le podría traducir como ‘mercadeando’. En la práctica, este concepto va mucho más allá de la simple comercialización de productos, el marketing según Philip Kotler (2002) es un proceso social y administrativo por el que las personas y los grupos satisfacen sus necesidades al crear e intercambiar bienes y servicios sustentadas en la satisfacción de las necesidades y deseos del target market. Importante destacar que Kotler es conocido como el padre del marketing moderno. La evolución de esta ciencia social ha atravesado tres grandes campos de expansión hasta el momento; el marketing 1.0 enfocado netamente al producto, el marketing 2.0 dirigido específicamente a los clientes y el último boom, marketing 3.0 orientado muy fuertemente al espíritu humano, el uso correctos de los recursos, la responsabilidad social y el cuidado del medio ambiente. Este documento busca explicar el nuevo concepto que viene innovando el campo del marketing y, como hipótesis se busca demostrar que el enfoque que toma el marketing 3.0 trata de cerrar el círculo de esta ciencia para englobarlo en un significado sólido y dándole una definición integral a este proceso social con las nuevas tendencias foco de...
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...CAPACITY TO MAKE CONTRACTS The capacity of certain persons to conclude contracts is restricted by law. The law recognizes that certain people are either wholly or partly incapable to make a contract. The aim of this assignment is to explain and consider the critical legal matters the individuals and organisations have to consider when entering into a contract with these people. Contracts are part of everyday life and every business will need to make a contract and most businesses will have to make very many. Therefore it is necessary for an organisation as well as for individuals to understand that a contract is a legally binding agreement. In order for a contract to be legally enforceable the law demands agreement, consideration and intention to create legal relations (Maclntyre, 2008). It is generally believed that every person can make a binding contract as they wish (Maclntyre, 2008). But because the contract is a legally binding agreement, the law recognises some specific groups who either have not reached the maturity or do not have the capacity to fully understand the nature and extend of agreements that they make with others. Therefore it is important for every organisation and individual to understand that a number of persons have a restricted capacity to contract. These are minors, persons of unsound mind, drunks and corporations (Owens, 2001). All others can make a binding contract as they please. Beale, Bishop and Furmston (2008) argue that the law of minors`...
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...Examine Byron’s response to at least two of the places visited by Childe Harold: Greece, Rome, Portugal, Venice & co. ‘I have always had great contempt for women; and formed this opinion of them not hastily, but from my own fatal experience. My writings, indeed tend to exalt the sex; and my imagination has always delighted in giving them a beau ideal likeness, but I only drew them as a painter or sanctuary would do, -- as they should be.’[1] (Medwin, Nov 1821- Mar 1822 (Cf. Ideality of Art)) p. 195 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage was Lord George Gordon Byron’s first composition which he begun in 1809 and finally completed in 1818. The structure of the poem follows a young promising knight through his journey around Europe. The poem is autobiographical: Byron uses Childe Harold as a fictional figure to respond to, and comment on, life and experiences around Europe whilst Byron was undertaking his own ‘Tour’. The Grand Tour ‘became the fashionable way for young male aristocrats to complete an education whose foundation was classical Greek and Roman history, rhetoric, philosophy, and poetry.’[2] As a Romantic poet, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage Byron uses the depiction of nature as a way to express his opinions of place. Childe Harold is full of images and motifs which takes its reader on a journey, or a pilgrimage, of self-discovery and through foreign lands in the truly beautiful Byronic style. Politics have dominated the critical analysis of Childe Harold in the past,...
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...| | A "Low cost “ Supermarket | Claire David, P113979 23/01/2012 | Table of Contents Executive summary 3 Introduction 4 Business level strategy 4 Competitive advantage 5 Competitive strategy 6 Strategy clock 7 Hybrid strategy 8 Porters five forces 10 Advantages to using a Hybrid strategy 11 Threat of new entrants: 11 Bargaining power of suppliers: 11 Bargaining power of buyer: 11 Disadvantages to using a Hybrid strategy 12 Threat of substitutes: 12 Threat of rivalry with competitors: 12 Difficulty in sustaining: 12 Conclusion 13 Recommendations 14 Cost reduction that don’t affect quality 14 Deter from price wars 14 Differentiate 14 References 15 Executive summary This report aims to discuss the Hybrid strategy utilised by Asda, this report will be based on the following objectives: * Identify the strategy employed by ASDA in order to achieve competitive advantage * Critically evaluate the strategy identified * Provide recommendations for continued success and sustainability A collection of secondary information and data was gathered in order to obtain appropriate and information. Asda are a subsidiary of Wal-Mart, therefore it is assumed that the strategies used by Wal-Mart are also used by Asda in the same way. Introduction Asda are a well known organisation which started to operate in the 1920’s In June 1999, now a successful company once more, Asda was bought by Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and became...
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...available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/researchregister The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0957-8234.htm JEA 41,1 The ethics of zero tolerance Kevin Gorman Sylvania Northview High School, Sylvania Public Schools, Sylvania, Ohio, USA, and 24 Patrick Pauken Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA Received May 2002 Revised September 2002 Accepted October 2002 Keywords Decision making, Ethics, Violence, Schools, Discipline, Legislation Abstract “Zero tolerance” has become the international “buzz word” of the secondary building administrator. As school violence has increased so have the legislative and regulatory policymaking mandates c a l l i n g for increased disciplinary consequences for inappropriate stud ent behavior. Ethical problem-solving and decision-making have taken a back seat to reactive discipline by school officials. Media publicity has forced proactive principals to become reactive impulsive decision-makers. In this article, Starratt’s three-part model for ethical school administration – encompassing the ethics of critique, justice, and care – is applied to a fictional scenario and the ethical dilemma that evolves. Recommendations for practice are offered in a proposed resolution of the dilemma within the context of a central conclusion: if the school administrator of the twenty- first century is to build and maintain an ethical educational setting where all students...
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