...A Study of Uprising Gangs in Americas Inner Cities A Senior Thesis Proposal Presented to Senior Seminar University of Central Missouri Bachelor of Science By Aloni Benson Senior Thesis Proposal Title: A study of Uprising gangs in Americas Inner Cities occurring during the 1990’s till Now Statement of the Problem: i. Purpose of the study A. Explain the influence of uprising gang conflict. B. Compare the trends of Gang violence over decades. C. Uncover reason why gangs are growing at an alarming rate II. Need for the study A. insufficient data on the Macro study of gangs B. Data is needed for law enforcement to know how to control the growth rate of gangs. Methodology: I. The Purpose of this study is to explain the uprising of gangs in Americas inner cities II. The study will focus on the following research questions. A. What are influences of Gangs in Americas? B. Is the trend of gang Violence different from the early 1990’s till Present? C. What will it take to control Gangs in America? III. Research Question 1 The influences of Gangs will be characterized by the following guideline: A. Number of Gangs in America B. Founder of Gangs C. Different types of gangs D. Gangs vs. social groups IV. Research Question 2 Trends of Gang Violence from the early 1990’s till present will be characterized by: A. Differential between drug and violent offenses compared...
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...Victomology Victims of Crimes and the Media Violent crime, gangs, and drugs are tearing our families apart. Violent crime and victims have become an issue in America and the rest of world. The negative effects of television, Movie Theater or any kind of media is affecting our children and teenagers. Statistics indicate a decline in violent crimes in our country and an increase in our national population in prisons. It is indisputable that our families are the victims in these drugs, gangs and organized crime issues in our communities. Nobody can discussed or argue that we need to stop this malicious act of violence. In addition, nobody can disagree that this violent crime is hard to fight. Gangs are born in impoverished sections of major cities. However, gangs and drugs activities are not limited to inner cities. Gangs and drugs are in suburbs and rural communities and in communities of great economic diversity. Gangs do not recruit certain type of race, economy or cultural status. Exist in every level and every kind of community. (Stewart, 1989). Therefore, our problem is everywhere and anywhere. The lack of parental supervision, employment, recreational opportunity and breakdown in family structure are the main reasons why our children are joining the ranks of these organized criminal institutions. It could be wrong to say it, but the truth is these gangs provide them (our children) with enough companionship, protection...
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...relations in nonprofit organizations: Modifying the public’s opinion. Vanessa S. Perdomo Saint Martin’s University Abstract This paper studies what is necessary for non-profit organization in the area of public relations. Public relations encompass all forms of communication from writing press releases and distribute promotional brochures to talk to friends, family and coworkers. The nonprofit organizations generally obtain their funds and economic resources of individuals or corporate donors, some sell products or services to develop their social activities. Therefore it has a necessity for public relations to have a relationship with its audience. It is difficult to get funds for a social organization, even more if you do not have a relevant public image or media from local, national and international media are used to disseminate their actions. Public relations help build communication channels or improve existing ones with different social actors to become better known socially. In addition to promoting the development of partnerships between peers and other sectors of the community, able to build a good reputation and image of the organization, designing efficient strategies for fundraising, etc. With the lecture review we have an understanding what tools are necessary to achieve their goal and providing non-profit specifics strategies to appeal their target audience. The decade of the 90's, led to profound changes in how public relations is practiced on nonprofit...
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...Project Gangs David Vary Bryant & Stratton College CRJU102 W. Verna 25 July 2013 Introduction This paper is on Gangs. It will include the meaning of gangs both the Federal and State definition. The others areas it will cover will be the History of Gangs, The impact of Gangs, Gang Problems, Drugs and Trafficking, Guns and Violence, and Special gang Units. Federal Definition The federal definition of gangs as used by the DOJ, DHS, and ICE is an association of three or more individuals; whose members collectively identify themselves by adopting a group identity, which they use to create an atmosphere of fear or intimidation, frequently by employing one or more of the following: a common name, slogan, identifying sign, symbol, tattoo, or other physical markings, style or clothing, hairstyle, hand sign, or graffiti; whose purpose is to engage in criminal activity and which uses violence or intimidation to further its criminal objectives. Whose members engage in criminal activity or acts of juvenile delinquency that if committed by an adult would be crimes with the intent to enhance or preserve the association’s power, reputation or economic resources? The association may also possess some of the following characteristics: The members may employ rules for joining and operating within the association. The member may have to meet on a recurring basis. The association may provide physical protection of its member from others. The association may seek to exercise...
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...Costanza and Ronald Helms. "Street Gangs and Aggregate Homicides: An Analysis of Effects During the 1990s Violent Crime Peak" Homicide Studies 16(3): 280-307. June 11, 2012. Online. June 12, 2013. City-level violence escalated and peaked during the 1990’s, which possibly caused a similarly high homicide rate. Many studies have linked gang activity with higher rates of violent crimes. This study uses empirical research to link gang violence with homicide rates. A majority of studies only looked at the micro level of gang attribute violence and homicide correlation. Costanza focused on the macro level using 154 U.S. cities to determine if active gangs directly correlated with homicide rates. Criminologist in the 1990’s paid special attention to the structural factors contributing to the all-time peak of violence in the young men demographic. Researchers have remained focused on the patterns of homicide within the context of the violence peak in the 90’s. Costanza chose to “focus explicitly on the plausible empirical link between street gangs and homicide offending in central cities throughout the Unites States”. The factors that lead to an increase in homicide include the drug market, guns, and gang presence. Recent studies have shown that it is a combination of factors, as opposed to just financial opportunity, that lead to gang membership. The reason for the lack of macro level studies of gang violence has been due to the lack of gang related studies. Maxson in 1992, published...
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...Gangs throughout American have been around for more then a hundred years. Gangs really started when immigration in America was increasing as well as the criminal behavior. The Prohibition is a time when gangs rose to power by selling illegal alcohol and also paying off corrupt cops. The leaders of the gangs were considered lords and they had control of the city. In the later 20th century gangs began to change and focus more on drugs and violence. Gangs were focused more on the media and controversies between different coasts in America. They were fueled by hatred and explicit music. Also adolescents in gangs started to increase sufficiently over time. With the growing presence of criminal street gang members in the United States, communities everywhere are experiencing the damaging impact of their criminal behavior. A 2011 report by the National Gang Intelligence Center reported the number of gang members in the United States was conservatively estimated at 1.4 million. As these gang members evolve, are they using our nation’s colleges and universities to educate themselves? How will that affect our communities? A survey conducted by college students and campus police showed that less than one in four students agreed there was a gang problem in the community around their campus, while two of three of the police respondents agreed with the statement. Students and police agreed in similar percentages that there was a gang problem within the campus community. At least half of both...
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...Gang Life The term gang (noun) is simply defined as an organized group of criminals. However, the gang sub-culture is more complex. A gang is better defined as a group of adolescents and young adults who are united upon on a common idea/identity, and are often involved in delinquent activities to better their own stature. Gangs usually have a somewhat military like structure, with leaders at the top, lieutenants and sergeants, and soldiers at the bottom. Young children have various reasons for joining street gangs, but do not realize the ramifications caused by the gang life. Children often believe joining a neighborhood gang will make them become recognized, or safer, but the harsh reality is that so many youths don’t realize the hazards associated with gangs until it is too late. The history of street gangs in America dates back to the formation of America herself. The first gang-like groups formed in the Northeast right after the Revolutionary war ended, in 1783, in New York City. These groups were mainly young white immigrants from Europe who just fought over turf in the city. In the Midwest region (mainly Chicago) the first street gangs developed in the 1860s and were mainly white immigrants from Ireland, Germany, and Lithuania. In the most western region of the United States Mexican gang-like groups started appearing in Los Angeles sometime around 1890s. Gang-like groups have been around America for quite some time but a few key events escalated gang presence in the...
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... 2. Current Criminal Code is based on the changes to accommodate the needs to changing times. Most of the laws are changed by time to bring ease for the citizens of the country. Some of the laws such as birth control and abortion was seen as a crime until 1988. But there are many changes to the law today, the law contains some 28 parts which includes a range of offences from s. 49 “intending to alarm her majesty” to s. 71 (C) “accepts a challenge to fight a duel” to very serious offences such as murder. In section 2 of the Code, simple terms are given a far more complex definition. 3. Indictable Offences are more serious offences such as aggravated assault. 4. Summary Conviction Offences are less serious offences such as water skiing at night, common assault, or theft under a certain amount. 5. Hybrid offences includes a wide range of offence that may include indictable or summary conviction offences at the option of the crown. A number of trail options are given to the accused dependent to their charges, whether its a summary conviction or indictable offence Part | Section Number(s) and Name of the Offence | Type of Offence (Indictable,Summary, Hybrid) | Sentence | Part II— Offences Against Public Order | Sections 46 and 47, High Treason | Indictable | Life Imprisonment | Part II— Piracy | Section 74 | Indictable | Life...
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...Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Youth Gang Services has studied youth gang involvement and delinquency in cities and rural areas since the rapid increase after the 1980’s Persons ages 12-24 years face the highest risk of nonfatal violent victimization of any portion of society. Arrest rates for homicide, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault peak among adolescents and young adults. Homicide is the second leading cause of death for all Americans ages 15-34 years. The risk factors of young gangs and delinquency include 5 main areas Individual and Family Demographics, Personal Attributes, Peer Groups, Schools, and Community. Individual and family demographics have shown that kids in a single parent household are at greater risk. Adolescents are at high risk for violence because of the rapid psychological and physical changes that occur during the transition to adulthood. They may detach themselves from family and decrease communication. There is no solid evidence but a theory that some children who learn English before their parents may exhibit controlling behavior. Not surprisingly, family factors commonly found among adolescents who commit serious violent assaults include lack of parental supervision, indifference, rejection, and criminal behavior of parents themselves. Parents of delinquents are often deficient in areas such as monitoring the child, discipline, negotiation, and modeling effective social skills. Personal Attributes – Kids exhibiting...
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...Summary of critiqued article: “Are All Gangs Equal Security Risks? An Investigation of Gang types and Prison Misconduct” - Ruddel, R., Gottschall, S. (May 5, 2011) To date, there has been very little scholar investigation towards the different types of gangs in Canadian penitentiaries, and their unique contributions to prison misconduct. Gangs in the correctional system are one the biggest problems facing correctional staff and administrators. Does every gang pose the same threat towards the Canadian correctional system? This study is an attempt at comparing the various gang members admitted into the correctional system between January 1, 2006 and August 31, 2009. It examines the offence-related characteristics of 1,636 gang members compared to 1,649 non-gang member counterparts. The 5 distinct types of gangs studied are: Aboriginal, Asian, street, outlaw motorcycle (OMG), and traditional organized crime (TOC). This study revealed that there are, in fact, distinct characteristics to each gangs conduct in the correctional system: Aboriginals have highest misconduct, highest rates of previous incarceration; street gangs were similar in violence but had less previous prison sentences; OMG had lower involvement in violent offences, but had longest sentences. Aboriginal gangs being the most violent, then Asian and street, followed by OMG gangs and TOC as the least. The closer examinations of these security threat groups (STG) suggest that the correctional system should imply...
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...Youths Join Gangs and How to Prevent it from Happening Reaver J Childers Liberty University CJUS 310-B02 Professor Godwin Abstract Have you ever been watching the news and heard the news reporter say, “A young man was shot and killed outside of a corner store. It has been reported that he was a part of a known gang, referred to as the Crips. He was shot by a rivalry gang member.” Do you ever wonder what provokes a juvenile to want to join a gang? There are a lot of parents who ask this question after hearing about someone else’s child or their own child becoming a part of something so horrible. There are so many parents in the world who are losing their children to gangs. The gangs are coming into the communities and praying on what is considered to be the “weak ones.” The “weak-ones” are the ones who seems to be lacking something in their lives, and the only way they know how to fill that void or to get what they are looking for is by joining a gang. The gang gives them status, love, trust, attention, and most of all, it gives them an opportunity to have all the things that they think are important. They find all that they are missing without thinking about the consequences of being affiliated with such groups. This isn’t new to our society; youth gangs have been around for more than 150 years. The youth gangs have grown larger and bolder since the beginning of their time. This paper will discuss why so many youths join gangs? And why...
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...reformatory. James had two brothers, Senator William "Billy" Bulger was a Korean War veteran and formerly an influential leader of the Democratic Party in Massachusetts. Senator Bulger rose to become President of the Massachusetts State Senate.his second brother Judge John "Jackie" Bulger, a retired Massachusetts court clerk magistrate who later was convicted of perjury. “Whitey” Bulger fathered one child that died at the age of 6 from Reye's syndrome after having a severe allergic reaction to an aspirin injection. Upon “Whitey’s” release from the reformatory, he joined the Air Force where he served time in military jail for assault before being arrested for going AWOL. James received an honorable discharge in 1952. James had a life of crime, being gang leader and being a fugitive. James Bulger returning to Boston after being discharged from the Air Force, embarked on a life of crime. His offenses grew increasingly large in scales, in a series of bank robberies from Rhode Island to Indiana. In June 1956, he was sentenced to 25 years in federal prison. he ended up serving nine years, including stints in Atlanta, Alcatraz, and Leavenworth. Afterwards he returned to Boston to resume his life of crime. Bulger became an enforcer for crime boss Donald...
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...Chicago Street Gangs The City of Chicago is home to many iconic sites and famous things including Wrigley Field, Giordano’s deep dish pizza, Navy Pier, Portillos, and Willis Tower. Chicago residents live and work in some of the most affluent, wealthy, and glamorous neighborhoods like The Gold Coast and River North. Over the last couple of years though, the spotlight has been shifted from all of Chicago’s wonderful things to its poverty stricken neighborhoods, rising crime rate, murders, and drug problems. All of these things can be linked to what many consider Chicago’s biggest problem, street gangs. But today the city seems to be far more segregated and full of poverty in neighborhoods that are home to minorities. Many adults turn to the streets to make a living and children see their elders and in return do the same. These same poor neighborhoods have a failing public education system for the youth along with a bad relationship with police. According to the Chicago Crime Commission, “a 2012 Chicago Police Department gang audit found there are more than 600 gang factions in the city, with a minimum combined membership of 70,000” (cbsnews.com). With the large number of gang members in the city there is a lot of fighting going on over turf for control of drug distribution. This is mainly a problem occurring in minority communities all throughout Chicago. “201 of the 259 homicide victims were African-American” (chicagotribune.com). While blacks make up about 33 percent of the...
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...wayward or troubled child” (St. Mary’s Law Journal, 2013). The juvenile justice system’s core concept is rehabilitation or change of our youth to the right path. The goal of punishment is not one of revenge, but prevention that the crime will not happen again. Putting our youth in adult prisons, making them face the penalties of such crimes, but if we do this, are we just giving up on our youth, believing that they cannot be rehabilitated? We, the people, need protection for the child that does not know better than to join a gang, the troubled child that comes from a broken home, where both parents are absent or abusive. The people of this community need to make a change for these children so that they will have an opportunity to live a morally healthy life instead of a life of crime. Many questions come up with regard to prosecuting those juveniles that have committed a serious crime and how to rehabilitate or punish our youth, juvenile gangs and different rehabilitation programs are the best method, I will be looking at both sides of the law to get a better understanding of the law today and why they could be changed to assist our youth. History of the Juvenile Justice System Programs Throughout history the...
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...including the types of drugs that involved in the illegal drug business. I will also be discussing illegal drug syndicates and cartels a long with their structures and operational methods. Also I will be talking about some of the modern trends of organized drug trafficking. Finally I will answer, explain, and provide recommendations to the question, is there is a better solution to the ways in which we combat the drug business in the United States. The illegal drug business in the United States consists of all different types of activities from drug use to drug sales to producing and manufacturing to trafficking. Until the 1940’s most Italian Mafia leaders were strict with their rules telling their outfits that they were to avoid dealing drugs. A few leaders, notably Charles “Lucky” Luciano, broke that rule and used their organizations to push other gangs out of the drug trade and developed sophisticated networks for importing and selling illegal drugs in the United States (Mazzeno, 2011). During World War II illegal drugs were becoming less available in the U.S. because traffickers had a difficult time importing the drugs from overseas areas that were already in a conflict. After the war, drug trafficking picked up again making the Mafia the lead supplier of illegal drugs. “The Mafia’s extensive network, organized in a fashion similar to an American corporation, provided a means for smuggling drugs into the country through ports (and later through terminals), where it controlled...
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