...CLUSTERING STRATEGY IN SME DEVELOPMENT : An Integral Development Supports By: Noer Soetrisno Presented at : 2004 APEC INFORMATIZATION POLICY FORUM FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES July, 15-16, 2004 SMEs in Economic Development 1. There is no Regional or Global Consensus on SME The Coverage of SME definition are Commonly Associated With : - SMI (Manufacturing Industry) - SMI + Services (Selected) - All Sectors Except Agriculture - All Sectors Include Agriculture 2. Variable to Measure SME - No of employee (Industry) - Assets (Fixed Asset, Asset other than lands building) - Sales 3. The Role of SME in Economic Development - Contributor to Value added (Growth) : About 57% of GDP - Provider of Employment : Contribute to 99.5% of total employment - Potential Contributor to Export : Share about 16-21% of total export - Flexibility and Resilience to Shocks : continue to survive during the crisis, micro and small enterprises more resilience, but medium enterprises are not fully recovered from the crisis up to 2003 •SME Cluster Development in Indonesia - Cluster development approach has been adopted since 1970’s * Small industry zone * Export processing zone * Agglomeration of SME activities - At present exist about 9800 units of Small Industry Cluster : * 78% Low technology group * Productivity / worker : • Low technology IDR 970 Thousand (100) • Medium technology IDR 2 Million (212) • High technology IDR 8.24 Million (849) Government Policies...
Words: 778 - Pages: 4
...GDP per capita (US$) GDP per capita (PPP$) Growth of GDP per capita (1975-2008, % pa) Human Development Index Gini index (%) Life expectancy at birth (years) Mean years of schooling Mean expected years of schooling % of population below UNDP poverty line Gross Domestic Investment (% of GDP) Gross Domestic Savings (% of GDP) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Population (millions) Annual population growth rate 1980-90 (% p.a.) Projected population growth rate 2008 -15 (% p.a.) Urban population (% of total) Projected urban population 2015 (% of total) Doctors per 100,000 population (urban) Doctors per 100,000 population (rural) Open unemployment rate (%) Rural wage as % of urban wage % of GDP from agriculture % of GDP from industry % of labour force in agriculture % of labour force in industry Informal sector as % of urban labour force Foreign direct investment (inflow, % GDP) Value added per agricultural worker (as % of value added per agricultural worker in USA) Tractors per 1000 population Commercial bank deposit rate (%) Average interest rate, informal sector (%) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Best Answer - Chosen by Voters MDC - "More Developed Country" -- a "rich", "developed" country of "the North." Specifically, a country with a GDP per capita of greater than $4000, a strong infrastructure, adequate health care, education, water, food and technology... LDC - "Less (Least) Developed Country" -- a "poor", undeveloped or...
Words: 502 - Pages: 3
...Fiscal Policy for Stabilization and Growth Sessions 11 & 12 Reading: Chapter 5 What is Demand Management? • Demand-constrained economy: – Increase aggregate demand to tackle recession/depression • Supply-constrained economy: – Manage demand to control demand-pull inflation 2 Policy focus: Demand-constrained Economy Aggregate demand K Potential output 3 Policy focus: Supply-constrained Economy Aggregate demand K Potential output Also: Long term – increase K to expand potential output 4 Recession/Depression • Recession: – Rule of thumb: two consecutive quarters of falling GDP • Depression: – “Severe” recession – no widely accepted definition: • Decline in real GDP that exceeds 10%, or one that lasts more than three years • Other alternative indicators: bursting of asset, credit bubble, fall in general price level 5 Examples of Depression (Using 10% GDP fall rule) 6 Economic Policy • Two main policy instruments to influence aggregate demand (C + I + G + X - M): – Fiscal Policy: • Through Government expenditure and revenue – Monetary policy: • Through Money supply and interest rates 7 Basic Logic of Demand Management (to ↑ demand) • Fiscal Policy: –↑G – ↓ income taxes to ↑ C – (Also: • ↑ tariff duties to reduce M • Provide incentives to ↑ X) • Monetary Policy: – ↓ rate of interest to ↑ C; ↑ I 8 Fiscal Policy and Demand Management in India 9 (see: http://indiabudget.nic.in) • • •...
Words: 2555 - Pages: 11
...Bangladesh Bank: (Source: http://www.bangladesh-bank.org/) Period | Reserves(In million US $) | 2016-2017 | | 2015-2016 | | 2014-2015 | 23B (26th Feb, 15) | 2013-2014 | 21558.0 | 2012-2013 | 15315.2 | 2011-2012 | 10364.4 | 2010-2011 | 10911.6 | The inflation rate in Bangladesh was recorded at 6.32 percent in April of 2015. Inflation Rate in Bangladesh averaged 6.63 percent from 1994 until 2015 Inflation in Bangladesh in 2015, January-6.04, February-6.14, March-6.27 And April-6.32. 10.59 million tons in the year 1971 when the country's population was only about 70.88 millions. However, the country is now producing about 25.0 million tons to feed her 135 million people. This indicates that the growth of rice production was much faster than the growth of population. This increased rice production has been possible largely due to the adoption of modern rice varieties on around 66% of the rice land which contributes to about 73% of the country's total rice production However, there is no reason to be complacent. The population of Bangladesh is still growing by two million every year and may increase by another 30 millions over the next 20 years. Thus, Bangladesh will require about 27.26 million tons of rice for the year 2020. During this time total rice area will also shrink to 10.28 million hectares. Rice yield therefore, needs to be increased from the present 2.74 to 3.74 t/ha. ***Bangladesh’s rice...
Words: 956 - Pages: 4
...1.0 Introduction The report topic ‘Role of a Credit Rating Agency in the capital market development of Bangladesh’ is a significant one in the present capital market context of Bangladesh. The report focuses on increasing the understanding on the workings of the present capital market, the concept of credit rating and the effect it can have on the capital market. 1.1 Origin This report has been authorized to the students as an integral component of the Business Communication (C- 501) course requirement. The Course Instructor Ms. Mahjabeen Ahmad has authorized this report on March 27, 2002 with the date of submission being June 30, 2002. 1.2 Objective The main objective of the report is: ▪ To portray the role that a Credit Rating Agency (CRA) can play in the capital market development of Bangladesh The sub-objectives of the report are: ▪ To review the current situation of the capital market of Bangladesh ▪ To discuss the activities /operations of a Credit Rating Agency 1.3 Scope The scope of the report is limited to the presentation of a broad overview of the capital market of Bangladesh, definition and description of general activities of a Credit Rating Agency and the impact it can have on Bangladeshi capital market. The depiction does not include any discussion on the Stock Exchanges of Bangladesh or the International capital market. Since the rating business in Bangladesh is still at its infancy, no practical example...
Words: 6757 - Pages: 28
...emerged as the dominant industry in Barbados in the 1970’s, replacing the sugar industry as the main foreign exchange earner. It is estimated that tourism currently accounts for 54% of the country’s foreign exchange earnings and 14% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Approximately, 10% of the labour force is employed in the industry. Barbados currently has the highest Human Development Index in the Caribbean region and its GDP per capita of US$16,150 places it among the top tier income countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, at this juncture the country faces serious economic challenges. In the aftermath of global financial crisis the Barbadian economy has struggled to get back on a path of growth. Since 2008, the economy has contracted by an average annual rate of 0.8% and in 2013 it shrank by 0.7%. The 508,520 tourist arrivals the country saw in 2013 was 11.2% below the level registered in 2007. While for a long time the country has operated a fixed exchange rate system at US$1 = BDS$2 some analysts have question the sustainability of its exchange rate. Its net international reserves have plummeted from US$718 million in 2010 to US$563 million at the end of 2013. Over the same period its debt to GDP ratio moved from 70.3% to 94%. This rapid accumulation in public debt is explained by a surge of expansionary spending which caused the budget deficit to widen and it is expected to reach 9.6% at the end of the 2013/14 fiscal year. Furthermore, according to Bloomberg...
Words: 633 - Pages: 3
...save up to 30 percent in operational expenses when compared to a US-based operations. So, setting up a business in those countries where labors are cheap can be beneficial for the company because of this trend. The ICT industry saw a phenomenal growth over the last decade across the world due to the need of lowering cost and the ability to gain access to talent. The ICT sector of Bangladesh is almost comparable to other countries in the SAARC region. Bangladeshi firms mainly deal with IT enabled services, such as ERP, website development, graphics design, etc. During the last couple of years there has been a new trend in Bangladesh of individual/group based outsourcing which is also known as freelancing. * firms in developed countries look for outsourcing businesses in developing countries because of their comparative advantages, such as low human resource costs, technological skills, language proficiency, and geographic and cultural proximity to major markets. * Such as Maldives, Pakistan, but India is way too far out. * Enterprise Resource planning * Dhaka ranked 3rd in global outsourcing so this states what portion of people in Dhaka are involved in IT outsourcing. Example of MNCs in bd * Bangladesh Japan Information Technology (BJIT) Ltd which has developed software's for renowned companies like NOKIA, Motorola, Panasonic through its operations from Bangladesh * Graphic People, specializing in web development and desktop...
Words: 1506 - Pages: 7
...| |[Year] | | |Grizli777 | | | | | |SOHEL | |[Type the document title] | |[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the | |document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | ACKHOWLEDGEMENT It is my great pleasure to convey my deep respect and indebtedness to my teacher Dr. Md Azam Khan, Chairmen, Department of Economics, Jagannath University for cordial guidance, pragmatic suggestions and continuous encouragement and inspirations of my term paper work, which enabled me to complete my dissertation work successfully. I would also like to offer my heartfelt thanks, gratitude, deep respect and indebtedness to Soma Bhattacharjee, Lecturer of Economics, Jagannath University for his continuous guidance, thoughtful suggestion and inspirations during the entire time of my term paper. I am indebted to the respondents of the study area who provided data and suggestions to complete the work. Contents ...
Words: 7048 - Pages: 29
...Marks Advanced Strategic Value Propositions™ is a trade mark of ASVP Consulting Pty Ltd. PulseSuite®, PulseManager®, PulseFinder® and Primed Online® are registered trade marks of Primed Online Pty Ltd. PulseProject™ is a trade mark of Primed Online Pty Ltd. Becton Dickinson, BD, and Helping All People Lead Healthy Lives are trademarks of Becton Dickinson Pty Ltd. Acknowledgements The kind assistance of Michael Lyon, CEO and the management team of BD Australia, and Grant Alecock, General Manager, and the management team of BD NZ is gratefully acknowledged. ASVP Consulting Pty Ltd ASVP Consulting Pty Ltd has written this independent case study on the implementation of a Balanced Scorecard Framework Solution in order to quantify the benefits accruing to BD and to highlight the potential benefits available to other organisations considering the implementation of an Automated Balanced Scorecard Framework or a Strategic Management and Monitoring System. This case study has been written completely independently of the system manufacturer, Primed Online Pty Ltd., and is based solely upon observations and information gathered during the Workshop process and in discussions with BD Management, from information available in the public domain, or...
Words: 9670 - Pages: 39
...Executive summary As a course requirement for course, Commercial Bank Management F-402 the report is on a “Analysis of Credit Risk Grading of Navana CNG Ltd.””, which is assigned to us by our honorable course instructor, Md. Sajib Hossain, Lecturer, Department of Finance, University of Dhaka. We were assigned by our honorable course instructor to collect data of our country’s foreign trade, export and import, top five imported goods, top five exported goods, top five import and export destination and trade of balance from the year 1990 to the year 2012, as per instruction we have collected the data from Bangladesh bank library. In this report we have included the yearly export and import which indicates the total amount of import and export of the country per year. And from those import and export payment receipts we have calculated the trade balance which is the result of the difference between the payment of import and export receipts. We have found out the major import and export goods to understand the foreign trade composition. Among them we have specifies the top five goods that are imported for the consumption and top five goods that are exported to other foreign nations to utilize the excess supply. We have also outlined the top five export destinations and top 5 import destinations to figure out the performance of foreign trade. From the analysis we have found out that our most preferred export countries are USA, Germany, UK, France and Japan. And preferred import...
Words: 4348 - Pages: 18
...(FDI) has been an important part of the economic transition, business liberalization and macro-economic growth story in Bangladesh over the last decade. Since the last decade, there has been a considerable change in global flows of trade and finance including a surge in FDI. Despite being a recent phenomenon, several underlying factors have contributed to increasing the FDI inflow in Bangladesh, such as trade and exchange liberalization, current account convertibility, emphasis on private sector led development, liberalization of the investment regime, opening up of infrastructure and services to the private sector-both domestic and foreign, and above all the interest of foreign investors in energy and telecommunication sector. It is argued that more open trade policies are associated with the presence of foreign firms and economy-wide technological and productivity gains in developing countries like Bangladesh. There also exists evidence of a strong positive correlation between increasing share of FDI in GDP and diversification to high-technology exports in countries that have open trade regimes. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a key role in the modernization of the Bangladesh economy for the last 15 years. Bangladesh received FDI of $1.13 billion last year compared to $910 million in 2010. This increase of about 25% is higher than the average 23% worldwide growth of FDI. According to the 2012 World Investment Report (WIR) of the UNCTAD, the garment sector attracted...
Words: 2853 - Pages: 12
...% of GDP | 27.6% of GDP | 54.1% of GDP | Rate of Inflation | 3.1% | 3.1% | Major Industries | Petroleum processing and refining, AluminumSmelting, IronPelletization, Fertilizers, Islamic and Offshore Banking, Insurance, Ship Repairing, Tourism. | Crude Oil Production and Refining, Ammonia, Fertilizers, Petrochemicals, Steel Reinforcing Bars, Cement, Commercial Ship. | Major Items of Production | Petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles. | Liquefied natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers, steel. | The total area of Qatar is larger than Bahrain’s total area approximately by 87%. They have similar natural resources such as fish and availability of gas. The population of Qatar is about the double of Bahrain’s population. The per capita income of Qatar is higher by $72,300. Moreover the rate of saving as % of GDP is higher for Qatar by a difference of 31.2%. In addition, Bahrain’s& Qatar’s inflation rate equal by3.1%. Furthermore, they differ in their major industries but in contrast they have some similar major items of production such as petroleum etc. http://www.indexmundi.com/bahrain/economy_profile.html http://www.indexmundi.com/qatar/economy_profile.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bahrain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Qatar (2) a. GDP at Current Prices (Billions of U.S Dollars) Country | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | % of Growth in GDP at Current...
Words: 3015 - Pages: 13
...Table of Contents Introduction 1 The reasons behind choosing Bangladesh 2 While entering problems faced by Banglalink 4 Industry analysis 5 Operational obstacles faced by the company 8 Entry Strategy 8 Internationalization strategy pursued by the company 10 Possible Strategy Overview 10 Current Environment 11 Conclusion 12 Reference 12 Introduction Today, telecommunication is one of the major parts of life. Nowadays, the phone is not only used for making calls, among many other functions it’s used for communicating through text-messages and so called multi-media messages, as well as to connect us to the internet. The opportunities that lie in the telecom market seem endless and the growing demand for mobile telephony systems is creating a world-wide market. The telecom industry is nowadays not only by means of millions, but by means of billions. Actors in this industry are seeking the most profitable markets throughout the world. Currently there are 6 mobile operators in Bangladesh and Banglalink is one of them. With a slogan of “making it difference”- banglalink started operations in February 2005. Previously, it was known as Sheba Telecom Pvt. Ltd that had been providing GSM (global system of mobile communication) services in Bangladesh since 1998. Orascom Telecom bought 100% share of Sheba Telecom in 2004 and gave its new name as Banglalink. Banglalink, is the second largest cellular service...
Words: 3476 - Pages: 14
...Leading the Digital Revolution in Bangladesh and Beyond Executive Overview G&R Technologies Green and Red Technologies Limited, www.green-red.com 1. Background Green and Red Technologies Limited, www.green-red.com Leading the Digital Revolution Opportunity • G&R aims to be at the forefront of digital media in Bangladesh and grow to 350M BDT ($4.2M USD) in annualised revenue by 2015 Mission in BD • Build on first mover status and be the leader in online media by creating effective and efficient channels for businesses to reach their target audiences Mission Overseas • Enter into regions where there is a strong Bangladeshi presence (UK, USA, ME, AUS) and expand reach to similar markets globally (e.g. Nepal, Sri Lanka) Green and Red Technologies Limited, www.green-red.com Accelerating Growth in Internet Consumption Bangladesh Internet User Profile: Macro Statistics (1 of 2) Fact Insight ISP = 1.25m WiMax = 0.35m Multiple users at home, cyber cafes, offices etc. Fueled by demand from young population (70% G&R Offers Unique Solutions Suite Digital Media Presence Mindshare, Mediacom, Top of Mind (Zenith), Starcom Asiatic (JWT), Bitopi (Leo Burnett), Market Access, Benchmark Zanala, webspice, Technovista, Digimarka, devsteam Techhaven, SSL, Aamra, GP IT BDJobs, BDNews24, Prothom Alo, clickbd TechTunes, biggapon Komli, AdMax, Google, Tribal Fusion Nielsen, Ryans Archive Digital Media Planning/ Buying X Lack of expertise & scale Digital...
Words: 999 - Pages: 4
...commenced its commercial operation in accordance with principle of Islamic Shariah on the 10th May 2001 under the Bank Companies Act, 1991. During last eleven years SJIBL has diversified its service coverage by opening new branches at different strategically important locations across the country offering various service products both investment & deposit. Islamic Banking, in essence, is not only INTEREST-FREE banking business, it carries deal wise business product thereby generating real income and thus boosting GDP of the economy. Board of Directors enjoys high credential in the business arena of the country, Management Team is strong and supportive equipped with excellent professional knowledge under leadership of a veteran Banker Mr. Md. Abdur Rahman Sarker. Our Vision To be the unique modern Islami Bank in Bangladesh and to make significant contribution to the national economy and enhance customers' trust & wealth, quality investment, employees' value and rapid growth in shareholders' equity. Our Mission | | |[p|To provide quality services to customers. | |ic| | |] | | | | ...
Words: 556 - Pages: 3
