...Gender Equity in Sports Colleen Iardella American Military University Gender equity in sports describes an environment in which fair and equitable distribution of overall athletic opportunities, benefits, and resources is available to women and men and in which student athletes, coaches, and athletics administrators are not subject to gender-based discrimination. Title IX, passed in 1972 at the pinnacle of the women’s rights movement, banned sex discrimination in any federally financed education program. It threw into quick relief the imbalanced treatment of male and female athletes on college campuses. Ever since Congress passed the federal gender-equity law, universities have opened their gyms and athletic fields to millions of women who previously did not have chances to play. But as women have surged into a greater part on campus in recent years, many institutions have resorted to deception to make it look as if they are offering more sports to women. Throughout this paper I will discuss the issues of gender equity in sports. I will mention what equal opportunities women have to play sports and how they can develop the psychological, physiological and sociological impact from sports participation. Females are playing team sports more now than they were a decade ago and far more women will play team sports in the next decade. In the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association's (SGMA) study, the authors analyzed many team sports and the role that females...
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...“Athletic girls who do pursue sports must also grapple with the sexism that is pervasive in almost all aspects of sports culture, despite the strides that have been made since Title IX was passed in 1972.” (Samsa, 2014). At the end of a school day its very common to hear on the all call announcements saying “come out and support your bulldog baseball, football, boys basketball etc.” but why aren't girls event being announced or “hyped” up? During nearly every pep rally the football team is given a proper announcement and individuals are recognized in front of the school, while other predominantly female teams are rather asked to “just stand up where you...
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...Competition is also in connection to the role of leadership in sports. In today’s world, we look up to leaders in all shapes and forms, but we tend to keep leaders from various sports very close to our opinions as well as lifestyles. They affect everything from from political to economic perspectives. The leaders involved within this culture of sport in America are likely to be the dominant males of a specified sport. According to Dana Massengale and Nancy Lough, women have faced a challenge in reference to holding positions at the athletic perspective. They refer to this theory in their quote “With men holding dominant roles in sport, girls often do not view athletics as a viable career path and boys do not perceive that women belong as athletic...
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...baseball team placing second in their tournament. You win yet your team did not get the credit they deserve. Female athletes face a inequality in sport media, payment, collage and even as a pro. The gender inequality prevalent in sports needs to be abolished. It is important to realize in college sports the male athletes get more attention. An example of this is that the stands are more full during a men's basketball college game while not a lot of people show up for women's basketball games. Kelly Wallace, CNN’s digital correspondent said...
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...Professional sport is a phenomenon of considerable importance to many, especially in the United States, leading it to attract major recognition by the media (Raney & Bryant, 2006). Super Bowl 50’s audience was the third largest in history, with 111.9 million television viewers (Pallotta & Stelter, 2016). Not only are major sporting events broadcasted and analyzed by many television stations strictly devoted to sports, but they are also covered by local and national news channels and newspapers as well as internet-based news outlets. With that being said, sports in the media has a deep impact in molding American society (Macri, 2012). History has shown that the industry of sports media has been a male-dominated territory (Hardin & Shain, 2005). Women have come a long way, fighting for equality in the work place since Title IX was passed in 1972, stating that “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected...
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...GENDER DISCRIMINATION AT WORKPLACES AND SPORTS BY : Md Jayeadur Rahman (HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICER) DATE : 6TH FEBRUARY 2012 MEMO OF TRANSMITTAL TO : WOMENS COUNCIL,BRISBANE FROM : Md Jayeadur Rahman ,HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICER DATE : 6TH FEBRUARY 2012 SUBJECT : GENDER DISCRIMINATION AT WORKPLACES AND SPORTS TABLE OF CONTENT PAGES SUMMARY 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 PURPOSE 5 1.2 SCOPE 5 1.3 SOURCES AND METHODS 5 1.4 BACKGROUND 5 1.4.1 CURRENT SITUATION IN INDIA 6 1.5 APPROACHES TAKEN IN REPORT 6 2.0 DISCRIMINATION IN SPORTS AT SCHOOLS 7 3.0 EFFECTS ON SOCIETY 8 4.0 HOW TO HANDLE SUCH SITUATION 9 5.0 STEPS TO FIGHT AGAINST IT 9 6.0 SOME CASES ...
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...developed. A child would focus on the spatial differences in each sport and focus on what is blatantly different about them. This comes back to the different shapes of the skate blades as well as how the athletes are moving on the ice. I would imagine that a child might have difficulty understanding why a sport like ice fishing is not included in this classification system because, like all of the other ice sports, it takes place on ice. The distinction that might be difficult for a child to comprehend is how the different ice surfaces are being used. In the four ice sports recognized by the IOC, ice is the surface being used to move...
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...baseball players. This study is more concerned with foreign players in general and recognizes there may be different results if a person solely focuses on the limitations of this research. Conclusion In 1947, Jackie Robinson, the first African-American in MLB, revolutionized the sport forever, and introduced the country to a new type of hero. Robinson fought segregation and racism with his stoic nature and pure skill. His unbridled determination and passion for the game paved the way for others within the sport and within the country. Through his presence and beliefs, the American population became more exposed to African-Americans and injustice. Robinson was more than just a baseball player; he was a cultural icon who humanized the black population and laid the foundation for change long before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He represents the best of sports. A true leader both on and off the field. He bore all of the pain and used America’s pastime to redefine its future. Today we struggle with similar issues. Much has changed, and yet much is the same. At times, we are afraid to trust—afraid to open our doors and hearts to others. Sometimes we focus more on barriers instead of connections. However, sports are an extension of our society. They can represent who we are and what we stand for, while also bringing us together. They can also highlight talent, struggles, and obstacles. They can foster change. In a case study, researcher David Solmitz (2001) concluded that people are more...
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...Gender Socialization through Toys and Sports In today’s society, there are many guidelines of how one should act and be. Gender socialization is the process where people take on notions of gender roles, gender ideas and gender behaviours. At an early age, boys and girls are told how to behave and act according to societal norms of gender behaviours and roles. The comparison of Jane Smiley’s article “You Can Never Have too Many” and John McMurty’s , “Kill ‘Em! Crush ‘Em! Eat ‘Em Raw!” provides an insight about how gender socialization is conditioned through toys and sports at an early age. Also teaching and reinforcing stereotypical gender roles through traits, appearances and occupation. (this is an incomplete sentence and it doesn’t flow very well with the previous sentence) Specific toys and sports are associated with certain genders and generalizes the role that boys and girls should uphold. Male characteristics are thought to be strong, tough and are unable to show weakness whereas female roles are to be nurturing, supportive and caring. In Jane Smiley’s article, the author focuses on how Barbie plays a positive role model in her daughter’s childhood. Barbie is portrayed as beautiful woman who posses feminine qualities. Young girls who tend to play with Barbie dolls have a mind set that they should grow up to be like Barbie. “Lucy could apply lipstick with her eyes closed by the time she was five.” (Smiley 238) This quote shows that children are easily influenced by the...
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... When I hear the name Redskin, I think of Sean Taylor, Clinton Portis, a rare playoff team, a terrible drafting organization, and a big spender on free agency busts. According to Dan Snyder in an article from ESPN (2014), “A Redskin is a football player. A Redskin is our fans. The Washington Redskins fan base represents honor, represents respect, represents pride. Hopefully winning.” To the American Indian, a redskin is a derogatory term used to negatively described their past and present. I can relate this term because it could be considered the same to them as calling me nigger or a Mexican a wetback. However, the word “nigga” is used a greeting or a term used to describe a friend. In my personal experience I have seen all races use and it is unfortunately widely accepted throughout America. In doing research I came across the name, George Preston Marshall, the original owner and founder of the Washington Redskins. According to Tomansky (2013), Marshall was the last owner to draft or sign a black player and this was after the ban on allowing blacks was lifted in 1946. A ban that was instigated by him from 1933 till 1946. He was forced by the government to do so, primarily because the land used to build RFK stadium was owned by the Department of Interior. He had a great hatred for individuals that are nonwhite. Marshall was a renowned racists throughout the NFL and it showed. He ordered the Redskins marching band to play the song “Dixie” prior to “The Star-Spangled Banner”...
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...when all this seemed pretty simple. We had men and women, boys and girls - but now we know that gender is anything but simple” (Petrow). In America and many other places around the world, gender roles have been assigned, yet, over the years this perception has been changing (Buzuvis 4). Women have been previously viewed as less than their male counterparts and have received fewer rights and privileges. There have been efforts towards gender equality. The transgender community adds a whole new dimension to social problems. Everyone is entitled to their own unique opinions which makes including members of the transgender community into the current society very difficult, especially when it comes to sports. Sports are a large part of today’s world from little league all the way up to professional. People...
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... All boys sign up for sports programs here!”. Lucy sighed and pouted with disgust at the sight of this. The thought of her along with other girls not being able to join the school’s sports programs occupied her mind throughout the day. One of her biggest wishes was to play soccer, and the fact that she couldn’t do that made her feel completely distraught. Later that day, as she arrived home from school Lucy’s parents could tell that something was off about her. They could feel her sadness travel throughout the whole house. “How was your first day at school kiddo?” Lucy’s father asks as she stumbles through the front door pouting. “It was awful dad. Why do these Gender Sports laws have to exist? All I want is to join a sports team is that too much to ask for?” Lucy replied. “I know sweetie, I wish you were able to do sports too,” Lucy’s father replied. “I just wish there was something we could do...
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...Gender ideology helps determine masculinity and femininity even in sports. Sports have become a major source of community for many people, but specifically for men. They tend to be more masculine in nature except for events like figure skating and gymnastics. Therefore, men seem to take control and possession of the sports world. Women were not even involved in sports in the later 1960’s and before that. However, since they have been getting more sports programs and have become more involved in physical activities, women have had to deal with slightly more adversity than the men. There have been some people who believe women should not play sports. Some think in the two-sex system meaning that men should only play in specific sports and women...
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...Every spring avid sports fans look forward to the biggest college basketball tournament of the year, most commonly known as March Madness. This competition consists of both men’s and women’s NCAA basketball teams who compete in hopes of making it to the respected and heavily televised Final Four. The Final Four is the last game for each remaining team before the National Championship game, where the two deserving teams are matched up against each other. This series of competition creates a rich supply of content for sports media networks to influence viewer’s values and attitudes. Networks have become increasingly knowledgeable and schematic in using sport entertainment as a way to promote their ideologies, values, commercialization and interpretations of sport. Studies have found that people turn to sports in the media for entertainment. The different forms of media are evolving and moving in a more prevalent direction than they have been in the past. With the explosive growth of internet users in the past decade, media companies have created a domain where they can input their interpretations of sporting events and coverage. These domains have become dominated by the 18-34-year-old demographic (Kian, Mondello & Vincent 2009) who use websites such as ESPN, the most widely used website for obtaining sports related news (Lefton, 2006 as cited in Battenfield, Redmond & Ridinger 2014), and Sports Illustrated to read about upcoming games, watch live coverage, or get the low...
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...* The word Gender, as a grammatical term has been around since the 14th century, according to Oxford dictionary as “referring to classes of noun designated as masculine, feminine, or neuter.” Gender is more commonly used now in the 21st century to describe a person’s identity. Sex is another word that is commonly used when describing gender, it is ‘the state of being male or female’. Sex is the biological difference, where as gender is to cultural or social differences. Sex could also be defined as evolution, our genetics. Where as gender, which is our nurture, our life experiences, which help us shape who we are as an individual. Sociologists argue that the relationship between sex and gender is absolutely arbitrary – there is no causative connection between sex and gender – sex doesn’t determine the type of roles you can engage in society. We announce our identities by the way that we dress, walk, talk, act etc. We convince other people that we’re the gendered person that we’re presenting ourselves to be, a product of interactions. With ones sex being defined as male or female, there are bodies that can’t be categorized under these two sexes. Hermaphrodites, now more commonly known as intersex, are becoming a commonly known and used term in society with 17 in every 1000 babies having some kind of intersex condition. Gender is only one of the fundamental principles in organisation of social life, in particular in structural organisations of; childhood, sports, media and employment...
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