...Socialist Feminist Criticism: You Dropped the Bomb on Me, Baby Feminism and gender studies have been described as having the ability to “challenge literary and culture theory to confront the difficult task of assimilating the findings of an expanding sphere of inquiry” (Contemporary Literary Criticism 567). This area of study has taken center stage during the last fifty years, not only in our society, but also in literary criticism. Although the terrain Feminism traverses can hardly be narrowed down to one single definition, the exploration of the genre can, at times, be the most intriguing feature of the criticism itself. While feminism has undoubtedly changed the way women and gender roles are considered in society today, it has also had an impact on the way that I, too, read literature, look at American culture, and view the world. Walter Ong suggests that “‘literature’ itself is the product of—or completely wound up and ‘imbricated’ in—the social contexts out of which it grows” (CLC 461). The social contexts that exist in our society have not only affected our societal systems themselves, but also have changed the way we view our class systems, gender roles, and sexual choices. Viewing society from a Marxist perspective can also help us decipher the unspoken rules that govern us. “Not only do Marxist critics want criticism to be constantly aware of history—both present and past history—in reading and literature, they also demand that the criticism become more overtly...
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...presentation of non-patriarchal societies of past and present. Even today there are enclaves of societies with matriarchal patterns in Asia, Africa, America and Oceania. None of these is a mere reversal of patriarchy where women rule -as it is often commonly believed -instead, they are all egalitarian societies, without exception. This means they do not know hierarchies, classes and the domination of one gender by the other. They are societies free of domination, but they still have their regulations. And this is the fact that makes them so attractive in any search for a new philosophy, to create a just society. Equality does not merely mean a levelling of differences. The natural differences between the genders and the generations are respected and honoured, but they never serve to create hierarchies, as is common in patriarchy. The different genders and generations have their own honour and through complimentary areas of activity, they are geared towards each other. This can be observed on all levels of society: the economic level, the social level, the political level and the areas of their worldviews and faiths. More precisely matriarchies are societies with complementary equality, where great care is taken to provide a balance. This applies to the balance between genders, among generations, and between humans and nature. The differentiated rules of matriarchal societies have been meticulously researched regarding existing societies of this type. Merely historical...
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...In the present day world, about 60 percent of the world's nations are democracies. Other nations have rulers assigned by heredity or have used the military to take leadership by force or rule by wealth or charisma. There are however, fundamental benefits of a democracy. The main benefit of democracy is that every adult person regardless of race, religious belief or gender has the same political rights as each other. People living in a democratic society are protected from oppression by laws and limits on governmental power. Democratic governments put laws into place to protect their citizens and to ensure a safe and fair society. The people who lead a democratic country have to obey the same laws as everyone else. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or indirectly through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. It encompasses social, religious, cultural, ethnic and racial equality, justice, liberty and fraternity. The quest for democracy in Bangladesh is moving in circles. The country gained its independence through both the democratic process and through war. During the four decades of its existence as a nation-state it has endured spells of military and non-military rules. Of the latter all were not elected. The elected governments seemed to betray superficial practices of democracy. In Bangladesh today, we have a situation where 153 members of the parliament...
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... beliefs, customs, morals and ethical standards. Societies are based upon different traditions, rituals, and religions; and promote different views regarding family, work, social, and personal responsibilities. Hofstede's framework was originally comprised of four dimensions. The first dimension - individualism/collectivism - is widely acknowledged as a defining element of culture. In individualistic societies people are expected to look out after themselves, whereas in collectivist societies there is a greater emphasis on group welfare and loyalty. Individualists value independence and self-expression, and tend to believe that personal goals and interests are more important than group interests. In contrast, collectivists tend to view themselves as members of an extended family or organization, place group interests ahead of individual needs, and value reciprocation of favors and respect for tradition. The second dimension - uncertainty avoidance - represents the extent to which people feel uncomfortable or threatened by ambiguous and uncertain situations, and thus create belief systems and institutions in order to promote conformity. Societies with higher levels of uncertainty avoidance place greater value on security (e.g., financial, social), feel a greater need for consensus and written rules, and are intolerant of deviations from the norm. In contrast, individuals with low uncertainty avoidance rely less on written rules and are more risk tolerant. A third dimension - masculinity/femininity...
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...Indeed, a person can perform gender, yet performance doesn't clarify why certain behaviors and ways for being, comes naturally than others. It doesn't catch the genuine physical and enthusiastic changes that a person encounter, performance doesn't start to address the way that, amid someone's move, the way a transitioning person may act the same, wear the same clothes that they generally had. When we discuss gender as if it were a performance, we let the group of observers,with every one of their desires, preferences, and assumptions, totally free as a bird. Gender is not just a performance, gender is confusing and a complicated mess that no one can really figure out. In “Dismantling Gender Polarization and Compulsory Heterosexuality: Should We Turn the Volume Down or Up?” Sandra Lipsitz Bem. In this article Bem...
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...happened. In this book, she points out how people were suffering in the society without freedom. She recognized the different social classes exist and suffering in her country. In the “the Complete Persepolis”, Strapi mentions a lot of kind of freedom such as religion, gender, education or political. In my point of view, she makes a good point that the gender and religion problem which is the big problem in society. At the beginning, in the first chapter “The Veil”, Strapi mentions about gender problem by sharing her story about the veil and school. The girls have to wear the veil at school but she does not know the reason. The veil and school become segregated by gender. She said that “we found ourselves veiled and separate from our friend” (Satrapi, 4). They must be separate in different classes if they do not wear the veils. It is kind of discrimination with students. The students are lack of freedom to do in school. They have to follow the rules that women have to cover their head and men cover arm. It is strict and makes student cannot comfortable in school. It is just a small thing about gender discrimination about outlook. This has a lot of effects to her family that Marjane’s mother gets assaulted for not wearing a veil, and at a demonstration against the veil, Marjane sees women getting beaten up. It is not fair for women especially in the modern family like Marjane’s family. Another problem in gender discrimination is the...
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...WOMEN DRIVING IN SAUDI ARABIA Gender inequality has been one of the major challenging problem that has been experienced in Saudi Arabia since time immemorial, women are treated as lesser breed compared to their counterpart men. Important roles like decision making, implementation of policies are mostly men role and no woman is suppose to contribute or argue in decision making . Women rights such as voting, travelling outside their country on their own and driving cars are some of the cases that are denied to (Sodafeldt ). This paper will seek to enclave and give explanation as to why the Authority in Saudi Arabia prohibit women from driving, conclusion and recommendation that need to be done to alter the situation. Al-Rasheed argues that oppression of women , their rights and the role their play in the society as the main stumbling block that Saudi women faces . He goes on further to explain that Gender Gap Index, Culture, religion and traditions as the main reasons as to why the trendy has continued despite the international community pressure. These social implications explain best why women are denied their social right in Arabia. It is believed that only close to 30% of Saudi Arabia women are literate and the less are illiterate without basic education. Moreover the system tend to favor men with best curriculum system leaving women with substandard education, they also can't take engineer and law course because the authority in charge dictate...
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...discussing gender equality through further explanation of Masculism and 3rd Wave Feminism by depending on essays and articles made by 3rd Wave Feminists and the philosophies of Plato. This paper will be pointing out the objectives of Masculism and Feminism and their similarities. This paper will also attempt to explain that the demands of both genders can be met. Defnition of Terms * Masculism: is a movement that advocates for the rights, equality and dignity of the male sex in an egalitarian framework. * Egalitarian: believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities * Feminism: the doctrine advocating social, political, and all other rights of women equal to those of men and an organized movement for the attainment of such rights for women. * Misandrist: a person who hates men * Gender : the state of being male or female * Gender Roles: is a theoretical construct in the social sciences and humanities that refers to a set of social and behavioural norms that, within a specific culture, are widely considered to be socially appropriate for individuals of a specific sex. * Gender Equality: is the measurable equal representation of women and men. Gender equality does not imply that women and men are the same, but that they have equal value and should be accorded equal treatment. * Social Norms: the behaviours and cues within a society or group. This sociological term has been defined as "the rules that a group...
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...al-issues/ For More Courses and Exams use this form ( http://hwguiders.com/contact-us/ ) Feel Free to Search your Class through Our Product Categories or From Our Search Bar (http://hwguiders.com/ ) HUM 186 Week 4 The Internet: Ethical and Legal Issues The “Information Superhighway”, or Internet, is a powerful medium for today’s information driven society. From its humble beginnings as a series of networks established to help the military and government share resources, it has become a place for people to engage in commerce and also for people to interact socially in both business and personal faculties. Along with the excellent opportunities for meaningful communication in this new atmosphere, the Internet has evolved as an open, democratic cyber society marked by free speech and volunteerism. It is a community gathering place for people to share ideas, concerns, stories and opinions, and to give help and assistance to one another. (Mills-Scofield) There has also arisen a series of problems. Whenever any major development in society is conceived, such as when telephones were introduced, problems ensue. The Internet, because of its modern nature is not really well dealt with when it comes to existing ethical and moral issues. Being that the Internet has fostered a new class of community that requires a unique category of moral values and ethical considerations. Things are always going to be dealt with differently when it comes...
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...both criticized the society of phenomenon such as how the elite in society dominate and control; the inequality between of race, class, gender, sexuality and nation. In this paper, I will refer to three theorists: Michel Foucault, Audre Lorde and Patrica Hill Collins to analyze their vision of the ideal society and what should it be like. Also, I will also mention what we should need to do to get there. Michel Foucault is the French philosopher and one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th Century. He wrote different kinds of books and the most special one is about a new way to view the prison system. In this book, he used discipline and punishment to lay out his thoughts on how the elite in society dominate and control the society. Foucault is an anarchist and dislike societal rules. He thought these rules affected on the human spirit. Foucault’s theories mentioned the nature of power and its functions. It means power controls knowledge and how it is used as a form of social control. He analyzed the word of power is easy to cause some misunderstandings with a mode of subjugation, violence or form of the rule. In his theory, he does not agree to use a general system of domination produced by other groups which affected the society. In his discussions on power and dissertation, they have influenced many theorists. Those theorists believe that Foucault’s analysis of power structures could help the strove against inequality. In Foucault’s society should not be constantly...
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...ST.JOSEPH'S COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES (AUTONOMOUS) LANGFORD ROAD, BANGALORE-560027 TERM PAPER STATUS OF WOMEN- THE "SECOND GENDER" IN INDIA SUBMITTED BY- NITHYA SURI NARAYAN 11 CEZ 3208 Mrs. Mini Mark Bonjour Department of English St. Josephs College (Autonomous) Bangalore-560027 Karanataka, India CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Ms.Nithya Suri Narayan (11 CEZ 3208) OF B.Sc. 3rd CEZ has completed the term paper, titled 'The Status of women- the "second gender" in India' under the guidance of Mrs. Mini Mark Bonjour (Department of English) for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of B.Sc. Course (Chemistry, Environmental Sciences, Zoology) during the academic year from 2013-2014 as prescribed by St.Joseph's College (Autonomous) Place: St.Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bangalore Date: Mrs.Mini Mark Bonjour Department of English St.Joseph's College of Arts and Sciences DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project entitled “Women- The 'Second Gender' of India ” submitted by me to the St. Joseph’s college Bangalore 560027 is based on the review of literature analysis , data analysis and interpretation carried out by me under the supervision of Mrs.Mini Mark Bonjour (English Dept.) The work embodied in the project either in part or full has not been previously submitted for any other degree course MENTOR'S SIGNATURE STUDENTS SIGNATURE (Mrs. Mini Mark Bonjour) ...
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...operation of business and society” (Bushman, 2007). Laws put rules and regulation in place to maintain good conduct in our environment. Laws bring peace between people in many different ways. Consequences to broken laws help to control behavior and keep our standards in order. Laws can be difficult to understand because there are many different kinds. Taking responsibility to understand the law is important to establish peace and fairness in our society. Without law, the country could be a dangerous place. The government would be difficult to run without rules and regulations. Laws give us harmony in our society allowing us to operate efficient and effectively. What is Law? According to Melvin law is “a body of rules of actions or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having legal binding force” (Melvin, 2011). Laws involve having a set of firm rules that make people answer to actions if laws are dishonored or broken. Law is essential to have during uncertain times dealing with disagreements between businesses, government, and people in our society. Roles and Function of Law in Business Business owners have laws set in place which limits their power of how their business is operated. The law enforces fair opportunity to potential employees going through hiring processes. Business owners are given limited power to protect different races and genders from discrimination. The act of an individual not getting a job due to race or gender instead of qualification is...
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... DIVISION G.R. No. 166676 September 12, 2008 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, Petitioner -‐ versus -‐ JENNIFER B. CAGANDAHAN, Respondent. DECISION QUISUMBING, J.: This is a petition for review under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court raising purely questions of law and seeking a reversal of the Decision[1] dated January 12, 2005 of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 33 of Siniloan, Laguna, which granted the Petition for Correction of Entries in Birth Certificate filed by Jennifer B. Cagandahan and ordered the following changes of entries in Cagandahan’s birth certificate: (1) the name "Jennifer Cagandahan" changed to "Jeff Cagandahan" and (2) gender from "female" to "male." The facts are as follows. On December 11, 2003, respondent Jennifer Cagandahan filed a Petition for Correction of Entries in Birth Certificate2 before the RTC, Branch 33 of Siniloan, Laguna...
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...Essay Two Gender has always played a fundamental role in the topic of religion. The type of faith that an individual chooses to embrace can ultimately identify the type of life they decide to live and molds them into the person that they become. Choosing to live by certain religious customs can - and often will - determine the clothes they wear, the people they surround themselves with, and certain ideas and activities that they practice. Within the vast range of different religions, each religious group creates either an equal balance between man and woman or strictly divides the two by demanding different life practices to abide by. Society oftentimes views religions that agree more strongly with the act of dominance and generate a sense of feminism. Many religions exercise supremacy over women while others ignore the overall essence of gender and instead practice equality. Islam and Buddhism are familiar religions that treat gender in somewhat similar yet distinct ways. For some religions, specifically Muslims, there has always been a sense of ridicule towards their Islamic society. Muslim women experience struggle and a continuous desire for acceptance within the world. People have come to conclusions that “eastern women, and especially Muslim women, are the most oppressed and downtrodden women on earth, and that although Islam may have something interesting to say on some level, it certainly has nothing to offer on the level of women’s role in society” (McCloud 211)...
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...I will be explaining the following: radical feminism; marxist feminism; hegemonic masculinity;gender;homophobia;misogyny; rape culture; and Heterosexism. I have focused on these six terms because they highlight how sexuality and gender are categorized culturally and in our Western Capitalist society, causing women to be oppressed. I have focused on the previously mentioned feminist theories because they focus on a male dominated society that encourages unrealistic gender stereotypes. Also, these theories explain how women experience discrimination and unfair disadvantages. Radical Feminism Radical Feminism relates to the idea that women are being dominated in a male driven patriarchal society. Oppression of women has been engrained into the structure of society is reinforced through areas like motherhood,family, the state. Radical feminism indicates that we live in patriarchal society that sexualizes women and never allows them to be an authority figure. It affects women on a global scale and continues to build a prioritized system that continuously gives men dominant power and control. Women cannot seek help through the system because it is biased and controls women’s sexuality. Social dominance allows privileges to be given out according to gender and basically states women should not be in control of their own bodies and men are connected to power. Women are prone to unjust treatment and every aspect of their lives in shaped around male dominance. Women are put in a...
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