...Gender equality is defined as men and women have same rights. Ever is an absolute term. First mean point: it is possible as there are obvious improvement in social area today compare to the past. However, there are improvements does not mean that gender inequality can be totally eliminated. (India gender parity index has improved from 0.464 in 1975 to 0.918 in 2010. ) Second mean point: gender equality is possible as there are measures to protect woman’s rights. However, this is only for those developed country, for those third world countries the sexism still exists, and it is hard to solve due to economic and political problems. Third mean point: the low education level of female in some part of the world make a vicious cycle, thus women unable to gain their rights. (87% of Afghan are illiterate, in India 44.5% of girls are married before the age of 18.) Fourth mean point: it is impossible to eliminate the gender discrimination as it against some races’ religion and culture. (in Africa people believe only women undergoes genital mutilation is pure, and those who does not are less value. In Malaysia, due to their religion, women have to respect their husband and cover most of their bodies. ) Fifth mean point: it is impossible as men and women are born different physically. Women have to give birth to child. In conclusion, gender equality can never be possible. “No society treats its women as well as its men.” That’s the conclusion...
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...“Eliminate Inequality, Not women Destroy Dowry, Not Daughters Daughters are not for Slaughter” The deprived position of women throughout the world irrespective of women race , religion and nation women empowerment has emerged as a universal issue for different groups of scholars and practitioners. They are now seriously concerned about the emancipation of women who are now leading a subordinate and subhuman life . Women in poor countries are in the most vulnerable position for several reasons. In such a situation the ‘missing women’ is the burning issue of the time and it need to be viewed from holistic perspective. There is a relationship between gender inequality, disempowerment of women, and backwardness of any society. Nowadays there connects another dimension of ‘missing women’. On this study different issues related to gender inequality and neglect have been discussed with a view to having a conceptual realization of women excess mortality and being “missing” in the context of South Asia. Definitions of special words used in this assignment In this portion we will discuss about those special words which frequently we used in the assignment and in the title. This discussion will help us to get the accurate meaning of these words in the context of our study. ♀ Gender Inequality and neglect: Gender inequality means that different behaviour, aspiration...
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...society considers as a proper behavior and attitude for its male and female population. However, not every time are both gender treated equally, especially the minority group – women. From one of the article I did my researched on, it says that in India, girls can’t seem to win. Even though India is on the advance, culture, economics, demographics, education and reproductive systems all play a part on how girls are valued, or not, in India. Different countries have different culture. And in the case of India, sons, not daughter, are more valued as in certain religious rites, the son are permitted to contribute economically to the family and to take care of the parents in old age. Wealthy family desirous of one or two children uses sex selection abortion to insure the birth of a son, as do poorer families who cannot afford multiple dowries. In India custom, the girl parents have to pay for the dowries instead of the guy parent. So, in order for the poorer families to not pay for multiple dowries, they would aim to have a son instead of a daughter. They feel that having a son would be beneficial to them as it is liken to receiving an asset if a girl is married into their families. Thus, for the wealthy to get wealthier, they would of course prefer a son. However, due to the value of boy over girl, India has a skewed sex ratio of more male than female. This is due to the increase of female foeticide, neglect of a girl child and sex selection abortion. As quoted from the article...
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...2. Women Empowerment in Modern India Dr. Shruti Singh For centuries women were not treated equal to men in many ways. They were not allowed to own property, they did not have a Share in the property of their parents, they had no voting rights, and they had no freedom to choose their work or job and so on. Gender inequality has been part and parcel of an accepted male-dominated Indian society throughout history. Women were expected to be bound to the house, while men went out and worked. This division of labor was one of the major reasons why certain evils like 'Sati Pratha', ‘PardahSystem', 'Child Marriage', 'Dowry System', etc. took birth in our society. The traditional Indian mentality assumes that the place of women is mainly concentrated to the household activities like kitchen work and upbringing of the children. There is systematic discrimination against women economically, socially, politically and culturally more so, in India. These discriminations & disabilities are practiced at all levels day in & day out. Women Empowerment is the ability of women to exercise full control over their actions. This means control over material assets, intellectual resources and even over their ideologies. It involves, at the psychological level, women's ability to assert them which has, so far, been constricted by the 'gender roles' assigned to them especially in a culture like India which resists changes. This essay throws light upon the different challenges that are faced by Indian...
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...popular themes of debates. The Human Development Report, (1995) posits that the number of women is greater than or equal to that of men, in today's society, yet females are still considered as a minority segment of the population. As a measure to redress gender inequalities, approaches by feminist movements, such as Women in Development (WID), were crafted but not much was achieved. Later, it was Women and Development (WAD) and lastly Gender and Development (GAD). It seems deep-rooted gender inequality still exists globally, despite substantial national and international measures that have been taken towards gender equality. This essay deliberates on the assertion that, “Gender equality is debatable: what is undebatable is the attempt to make it universally applicable.” The writer agrees to a greater extent that gender equality is a controversial issue basing on the multiplicity of societies that it is applied to. The fact that there is no universal culture, universal religion or universal ideology makes the whole issue arguable, ence, the need to degenderise gender. Definition of Key Terms Keating, (2004:9) defines gender as, “the social meanings given to being either a man or a woman in a given society and the expectations held as to the character, attitude and likely behaviour of men and women.” "Gender refers to the cultural, socially-constructed differences between women and men and girls and boys. It refers to the way a society encourages and...
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...daily lives. We have witnessed discrimination in different aspects of life like inequality in income distribution, religion and race discrimination, discrimination in educational system, in sports, etc. But the most serious issue is the gender discrimination which has constantly degraded the values of society to which we belong. Among all the different kinds of discrimination, the most serious is the gender discrimination which we as a society have failed to deal with since ages. Discrimination refers to inequality. Gender discrimination therefore refers to inequality between people of opposite sex. Gender Discrimination at Workplace There is an alarming rise in the rates of increasing gender discrimination at workplaces nowadays. Every now and then we come across reports related to gender discrimination at workplace. Researchers have also ratified this. Gender discrimination can take place in various forms in respect to unusual or unequal and harsh treatment to a person of one sex as compared to the person of the other sex. * Often, there is discrimination in terms of wage pay to the women employees as compared to male employees as the women are often tagged as the ‘housewife material’ and hence is offered lower wages/salaries and men are considered hard working and dedicated comparatively. This is a common discrimination that women laborers face. What do you think? * Many a times, women (housewives) generally step out of their houses during their difficult times...
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...social group, category, geographical region or other social unit. In modern Western societies, stratification is often broadly divided into three main divisions of social class: upper class, middle class, and lower class. Each of these classes can be further subdivided into smaller classes (e.g., "upper-middle"). Social inequality is characterized by the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. It contains structured and recurrent patterns of unequal distributions of goods, wealth, opportunities, rewards, and punishments. Racism, for example, is understood to be a phenomenon whereby access to rights and resources is unfairly distributed across racial lines. Conversely, "white privilege" is a concept developed by social scientist Peggy McIntosh to refer to the myriad ways in which white people benefit from racial inequality, in particular. There are two main ways to measure social inequality: inequality of conditions, and inequality of opportunities. Inequality of conditions refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth and material goods. Housing, for example, is an inequality of conditions with the homeless and those living in housing projects sitting at the bottom of the hierarchy while those living in multi-million dollar mansions sitting at the top. Another example is at the level of whole communities, where some are poor, unstable, and plagued by violence, while others are invested in by business...
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...Women Empowerment through Self Help Groups: Issues and Challenges RuchiraShukla*, Swati Sharma**, V.M. Thumar***, K.A. Patel**** Navsari Agricultural University Navsari Email: ruchira.shukla@nau.in Contact No.: 9725018793 Abstract: Women are critical to a growing rural economy, especially in developing countries such as India. The empowerment of women is most important for the development and growth of the country. Motivating women and bringing them into the mainstream of development is a major concern for the Government of India. Women empowerment is a process in which women challenge the existing norms and culture, to effectively promote their wellbeing. Empowerment of women means developing them as more aware individuals, who are politically...
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...To make cake, its eggs need to be beaten. To make women, their wills need to be beaten. Societies throughout history make women second class citizens reliant on their sons, husbands, and fathers. They are, in some countries, treated worse than children or pets. Although the U.S. ranks as the leading nation in protecting women’s rights, women are still enslaved by obsolete traditional values characterized through economic inequality and sexualization. The 19th amendment was officially ratified by the states in 1920, granting women the right to vote. Eight years later, America’s mother, Great Britain, followed by passing a law that also guaranteed women’s suffrage. But a change in legislation is not enough. There needs to be a change in mindset...
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... Indian Feminism Pg.9 6. Where feminism goes wrong Pg.14 7. Bibliography Pg.20 ABSTRACT Women have always been an integral part of society. However, more often than not their contribution in the human society has been ignored. This gave rise to the need of empowering women and hence the feminist movement. This research project aims to comprehend and analyze the very essence of Feminism in terms of the 3rd wave and in Indian context. It also analyses the myths associated with feminism and the flaws which lead to the ambiguity in the whole concept of feminism. Further, the paper discusses as to whether the term “feminism” can be brought under one general definition or there is much more to it. INTRODUCTION DEFINITION "A woman should be barefoot, pregnant and chained to a stove," stated Ben Glantz, a high school senior. Drew Pershing, another senior, also shared a joke, "What does a woman do after she leaves a battered shelter? The dishes...if she knows what's good for her!" Daily jokes and comments such as these, no matter how harmless, are detrimental to the status of women and a dangerous undermining of their accomplishments. Shared by both genders, sexually discriminative comments are widely accepted in society as normal and harmless. "I didn't mean anything by that; I was just kidding," whimpered Ben Glantz after receiving several cold stares from young women who overheard his bashing, sexist comment. The word ‘Feminism’ seems to refer to an intense awareness...
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...INDIA: A critical analysis on the influences of gender on educational opportunities The discussion in this paper will focus on the influences being female has on educational opportunities in India. It is important to note that that there are issues for males in accessing education, particularly those from the poorest backgrounds, and that childhood and schooling differs depending on the era and location of birth as well as the culture into which you are born. However, educational opportunities in India tend to be greater for boys, especially those from wealthy backgrounds, and this should be the same for all children regardless of their class, caste, gender and socio-economic background (Gasterland, 2009). In India ‘[w]ide spread poverty and discriminatory cultural practices [particularly places] the girl child at a serious disadvantage that starts at conception and extends throughout her life’ (Kumar et al, 2007: 7). The essay will discuss the effects of early marriage, school infrastructure, opportunity costs and safety on girls’ educational opportunities whilst considering culture, poverty and government policy. Examples from the southern state of Kerala and the northern state of Bihar will be used to try to gain an understanding of why some girls are able to access schooling; as they demonstrate vast differences in male to female pupil ratios within schools. This can be noted in the fact that in 2004/05 the southern state of Kerala had an enrolment rate in of ninety-eight...
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...Affirmative Action in the United States to you, we have gathered and analyzed the core considerations surrounding the issue. We see that there are immense difficulties in reconciling opposing moral views, and that empirical data does not reveal an obvious truth. But there can be much gained in way of a better understanding of the issue in spite of these obstacles if we can take a holistic approach to the problem. Affirmative action is a two-pronged effort that includes “the right of all persons to be accorded full and equal consideration on the basis of merit” (K.U Medical School) and, concurrently, a policy of actively “hiring and promoting qualified individuals in protected groups such as minorities, disabled veterans, Vietnam-era veterans and women” (U. of South Dakota). It was created to focus on education and jobs, and the policies were put in place to take active measures, under the framework of non-discrimination, to ensure that disadvantaged groups that had prevalently suffered discrimination have the same opportunities as whites. The U.S. Department of Labor describes affirmative action as the “ban[ing of] discrimination and requir[ing of] contractors and subcontractors to take… action to ensure that all individuals have an equal opportunity for employment, without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability or status as a Vietnam era or special disabled veteran.” (Dept. of Labor 2002) Affirmative action also includes provisions for the monitoring of its...
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...Equatorial Guinea while Sri Lanka strides ahead Over the past three decades, India has made good progress on the human development index (HDI), says the Human Development Report 2013, released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). However, India’s rank out of 187 countries is no better than last year’s. With a HDI value of 0.554 and a rank of 136 among 187 countries, which it shares with Equatorial Guinea, India is placed in the “medium development” category. There has been steady improvement in its HDI value, which was 0.345 in 1980. In 1950, Brazil, China and India together represented 10 per cent of the world economy, while the six traditional economic leaders of the North accounted for more than half. According to projections in the report, by 2050, Brazil, China and India will together account for 40 per cent of global output, far surpassing the projected combined production of today’s Group of Seven bloc. | | | HDI is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices used to rank countries in four tiers of human development. Since 2011, the UNDP report has included an inequality adjusted HDI, also known as IHDI, which attempts to include the effects of inequality on human development. The IHDI for India this year is 0.392. High gender inequality The country fails miserably on the front of gender equality. On the gender equality index, with a value of 0.610, India has one of the worst indicators in the medium human development category...
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...Sarjana Iqbal (Information Collector, Presenter) Jerin Sultana (Information Editor) Dillruba Hoque (Presenter) Saddam Hossain • Introduction: Gender inequality or gap in education has a significant negative impact on economic growth and appears to be an important factor contributing to Africa's and South Asia's poor growth performance over the past 30 years. In addition to increasing growth, greater gender equality in education promotes other important development goals, including lower fertility and lower child mortality. Gender inequality in education has a direct impact on economic growth through lowering the average quality of human capital. Economic growth is indirectly affected through the impact of gender inequality on investment and population growth also. Gender inequality may have adverse impacts on a number of valuable development goals. First, gender inequality in education and access to resources may prevent a reduction of child mortality, of fertility, and an expansion of education of the next generation. To the extent that these linkages exist, gender bias in education may thus generate instrumental problems for development policy-makers as it compromises progress in other important development goals. Secondly, it may be the case that gender inequality reduces economic growth. This is an important issue to the extent that economic growth furthers the improvement in well-being. Gender gap in education prevents progress in reducing...
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...out the modern State and the attitude of the people. India is one of the many countries in which the uniform legal system has gained such momentum maybe not in implementation but has gained much interest in a heated political debate. Article 44 of the Constitution of India, 1950 has anticipated the eventual implementation of the uniform legal system. Article 44 in the constitution of 1950, reads, “Uniform Civil Code for the citizens of India- the State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.” But the much anticipated eventuality has been a distant dream since the past 60 years. India is known for its socio-economic diversities and inequalities. India is one of the most diverse democracies of the world. India’s secularism which is enshrined in the preamble of the constitution is not an anti-religious policy but outlook to frame the country into one entity. India’s pluralism is linked with how the Hindu culture has never been mono-cultural or monotheistic. India’s democracy also aims at providing all citizens equal rights; this premise is based on treating equals equally. There are many shifting agendas in the personal laws in India. People’s outlook towards bigamy , triple talaq, polygamy , absence of coparcenary rights for women under Hindu undivided family, etc. have received much condemnation in the present times. The increasing equal rights between men and women, societal outlook and equal protection of laws has...
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