...Ambivalent Sexism and Role Congruity on Perceptions of Men and Women in Nursing Advertisements Kimberley A. Clow & Rosemary Ricciardelli & Wally J. Bartfay # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Framed by role congruity and ambivalent sexism, the current study is designed to investigate perceptions of male and female nurses. Specifically, 167 Canadian undergraduates from Southern Ontario viewed a potential nursing recruitment advertisement (female nurse, male nurse, or masculinity emphasized male nurse), reported their perceptions of the nurse in the advertisement, and rated the appropriateness of nursing as a career for men and women. MANOVAs revealed that participants viewed the male nurses more negatively (less competent and more deviant) in the masculinity emphasized condition than the male nurse condition, which is consistent with role congruity theory. Correlations further revealed that men in the male nurse condition and women in the masculinity emphasized condition who were higher in hostile sexism were more likely to rate the depicted male nurse as deviant than their lower scoring peers. Female participants rated nursing as a more appropriate career for men than did male participants, suggesting that resistance toward male nurses may stem primarily from other men. The ambivalent sexism scores of men and women related differently in each condition to ratings of the appropriateness of nursing as a career for men and women, suggesting a complex relationship...
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...The Image of the Professional Nurse Nursing is a profession that has a long, and rich history. Modern nursing began in the Crimean War with Florence Nightingale, where it evolved from a humble, over-looked, and usually religious occupation, for unmarried or matronly women. Using the CINAHL database, and the search terms stereotypes in nursing, and nursing stereotypes, to find information regarding the professional image of nursing, it is obvious that it is an image that has changed drastically since first becoming a profession. In the modern day and age, there is a demand for people to enter the professional field as nurses, and they are accepting of everyone. However, despite the wide acceptance there now is for anyone to become a nurse, there...
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...Gender Role Analysis Mindy Brown SOC/333 February 17, 2014 Erica Lloyd Gender Role Analysis Gender roles and stereotypes are often intertwined. Stereotypes can be positive or negative, and are speculations about the roles of each gender. The stereotypical female role is to marry, have children, and take care of the household duties. Stereotype of the male role is to be the family provider financially. Children learn these from adults as stereotypes and gender roles are passed from one generation to another. This paper will analyze gender roles shaped by education, norms of the government, its laws and its policies, and in the workplace. Gender Shaped by Education Gender roles and stereotypes are often reinforced in the classroom setting. Children learn these gender biases from their teachers and the materials used for learning. Some teachers have an unconscious bias toward a gender and make assumptions based on the gender's behavior and actions. Girls are expected to be polite and studious while boys are rational, unruly, and boisterous. Bias may also be social as well. Teachers may socially categorize children by race, class, and religion. For example, they may perceive African American girls to be more outspoken and louder than Caucasian girls. Teacher typically targeted boys of the Caucasian race as they asked and answered most questions (Scantlebury, 2009). Teachers may ask them more complicated questions than the girls. If they are unable to answer the question...
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...Walk into any hospital in the country and there will more than likely be a nursing staff that consists almost entirely of female nurses. However, while waiting to see a physician, you more than likely expect a male doctor to walk into the room. Both health professions deal with nurturing and caring for patients, so why is it that male nurses get such a bad reputation? They make up for 6.6% of the nursing population, an increase from 5.7% from 2006. (Shah) The answer may be found by looking into gender roles, stereotyping, and the history of nursing as a profession. Nursing began with the care of infants and children. Hundreds of years ago, mothers would have been considered to be nurses. However, when diseases started to spread, people soon realized that love and nurturing were not enough to heal the sick. Early practices of nursing can be correlated with the age of Christianity, "modeling its practice after the teachings of Christ, caring for the sick, feeding the hungry and burying the dead. Therefore, during this period the history of nursing is intricately tied to the Church" ("Gonursingschools"). After the crusades, the world was ready for change. One of these changes that took place would have a major impact on the history of modern nursing. The Establishment of an institute in German: "Deaconess Institute at Kaiserswerth, Germany. A small hospital was opened which included a training school for deaconesses. Their training system was a close parallel to the educational...
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...My choice of nursing A nurse, a health care professional who is engaged in the practice of nursing to assist the treatment, safety and recovery of acutely or chronically ill or injured people. Nurses can promote health, prevent disease, help and advocate patients, families within the community to cope with illness. A nurse should be able to speak, understand, and provide the appropriate care for people with diverse backgrounds. A nursing person can assess and identify the values, meanings, behaviors, and spiritual beliefs of people while considering their history, life experiences, social and physical environments. People can also find out about people’s ethnic background, religious preference, family patterns, food preferences, health practices and take this knowledge to deliver appropriate care to their diverse community. Positive health-related goals, plans, interventions, and spiritual practices can bring good outcomes. One day, I would like to be the one who works as a community health nurse and strive to provide the best possible care for my community, while continuing to learn about self and others. In order to provide appropriate Medicare and involved in medical support team, nice temper and flexibility in emergency situation are the mandatory characteristics to have to succeed in nursing profession. "If you judge people, you have no time to love them." said Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa shared the characteristics that all nurses possess. The meaning of the quote...
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...Stereotypes are generalizations, or assumptions, that people make about the characteristics of all members of a group, based on an image, sometimes incorrect about what people in that group are like. Stereotypes are formed because people really don't know other people. Stereotypes are learned at an early age from our parents and peers. It was assumed that girls would be housewives and stay-at-home moms while boys would become the main bread winner. If they did work, women mainly worked in female-dominate roles, such as secretaries and nurses. Men were mainly employed in fields such as law enforcement, military or engineering. There are many stereotypes in the workplace; gender, race, sexual preference, age, and religion. Some of the stereotypes that represent my own views are gender and age stereotypes. Gender stereotypes are generalizations of the role of each gender. Women and men suffer when they restrict their occupational choices to those that seem suitable for members of their sex (George Powell, pg. 78). Men are more likely to gravitate toward jobs such as engineering, carpentry, and computer science; where women tend to seek jobs such as nursing, teaching, and helping people. Stereotypes can be harmful in the workplace because people put labels on others based on general assumptions. I believe gender stereotypes still exist as to what is considered “women’s work.” In the workplace women face many more challenges than men as a result of stereotyping, such...
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...Group 7 Analysis of: Revisiting the Glass Escalator: The Case of Gender Segregation in a Female Dominated Occupation This critical examination and study, done by Karrie Ann Snyder and Adam Isaiah Green, dives into the data of a predominately women’s job, nursing, to find out if men really have a “glass escalator” when it comes to advancing up to top positions and dissects the notion of horizontal segregation. The glass escalator theory is one that assumes males in female dominated professions are pushed up the ladder to administrative and supervisory positions much easier and faster than women. Throughout the article, they explain the methods used to gather the data, both quantitative and qualitative and provide a plethora of information such as level of education, employment setting, number of years worked, personal interviews etc. They also break down the data and refute claims that although widely believed, may be false. It is somewhat ironic that the topic of this week’s thought-piece paper is on the sexual segregation of nursing. Just about a week ago I was sitting in the orthodontists office and I looked over at the staff photos on the wall. Dr. Pobanz was in the middle with about 10 ladies on each side of him. That made me go back and think, and I came to the realization that I have never seen a male besides the doctor working in a dentist or orthodontist office. Although it is not exactly a nursing position, it is a similar occupation and I would imagine has similar...
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...Chapter 5: Gender Stratification by sex is a feature found in most societies, with men generally being in a more dominant position in society than women. Men have traditionally been seen in a wide range of active and creative roles – as warriors, hunters, and workers, as political leaders or successful business executives, as scientists, engineers, inventors, and great artists. Women have traditionally been seen as housewives and mothers confined to the home and caring for their husbands and children. Even when working outside the home, women's jobs often seem to be an extension of their caring role in the home, looking after others as receptionists, secretaries, nurses, teachers, and social workers. Are these differences simply an extension of the biological make-up of males and females, or are they a product of the ways that males and females are brought up in society? (Nature vs. Nurture) SEX AND GENDER • Sex: (whether someone is male or female) refers to the natural or biological differences between men and women, such as difference in genitals, internal reproductive organs, and body hair. • Gender: (whether someone is masculine or feminine) refers to the cultural, socially constructed differences between the two sexes. It refers to the way a society encourages and teaches the two sexes to behave in different ways through socialization. • Gender role: is the pattern of behavior and activity which society expects from individuals of either...
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...Amanda Popular Culture Pop. Culture Essay #1 Addressing the Issue: Men’s Men and Women’s Women The vast majority of people, with the exception of transvestites and other people with physical deformities, can be put into one of two categories; man or woman. Generally, the views and expectations one has for their own gender and the views and expectations one has for the opposite gender can be described as gendered stereotypes. Although stereotypes are not always close to the truth, in some cases they can hold some weight to an argument when they present the generalized representation of a certain group or groups. In this essay I will show how gendered stereotypes are used by advertising companies to appeal to each gender. Here in the U.S., you need not go far to bear witness the very apparent signs of genderfication and gendered stereotypes, tools used by advertisers that play important roles in our consumer-styled society. One only needs to go as far as their living room couch and turn on the television to be bombarded with shows and advertisements containing gendered images of the expectations our society has for its men and women by men and women. Author Steve Craig puts these gendered ideals into four distinct categories; Men’s men, Men’s women, Women’s men, and Women’s women (Craig). For this essay I will analyze four video advertisements, and, using Craig’s criteria, I will try to see under which of his categories each advertisement would fall and why. The...
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...Males in Nursing Did you know, men were the first to become nurses? During the middle age, caring for the sick and wounded were predominantly handled by the military and religious orders (Liminana-Gras Et. Al. 2013). In the civil war nursing was both male and female. After the “Army Nurse Corps” was created nursing in the United States was looked at as a “respectable female profession.” Nursing for the most part has been seen as a female profession since then. There are 2,842,641 Registered Nurses in the United States. Of that, 9.1 % are male (Behavioural Science / Revue Canadien Nursing Statistics. (n.d.)). Nursing is seen as a woman’s profession because of the level of intimate care, compassion, empathy and the altruistic nature of the profession. It is not seen as masculine, and male nurses are confronted often by gender stigmas. These stigmas are what keeps many men from looking at nursing as a career path. In fact, Males have played important roles throughout the...
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...Living in the 21st century, society may believe that we live in a world of gender equality. A belief that is in fact idealistic. Gender inequality stems from deep rooted cultural ideologies. The enculturation process plays a role in learning gendered norms. Gender roles ascribed to men and women have affect in our society. Social inequalities affect many women in different walks of life. It can be seen in the type of work women obtain and which accounts for the gender wage gap. Gender inequality can also be seen at the educational level. Even though there is gender inequality all around us we we can all strive for gender equality by diminishing the causes of gender inequality. Lets take a step back and analyze what gender inequality truly...
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... Over the past couple years there has been an increasing concern that the efforts of minorities along with the federal government have not eliminated the threat of possible discrimination in the workforce of America. This essay reveals the difference in categories such as gender, age and race that are responsible for the stereotypes and various work envorinments. These actions that continue today in modern America need to be taken care of and even further action needs to take place in order to eliminate any relevance of such differences. AMERICAN WORKFORCE DISCRIMINATION 3 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………4 Racial Discrimination……………………………………………………………………………4 Sex Discrimination……………………………………………………………………………….5 Age Discrimination………………………………………………………………………………6 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………. 8 AMERICAN WORKFORCE DISCRIMINATION 4 Minority groups and women, in particular, in the United States have gone through drastic changes in regarding employment over the past five decades. Mainly due to the Civil Rights Movement and its results difference in others skin color, family background and other stereotypes have become less relevant and more important in the American workforce today. Also, Constitutional ratifications have actually been put into place so that discrimination does not occur in an occupational setting. Despite all of these changes, employers on the hunt continue...
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...discussed for many years before us and is still current in health care and in general. As I was preparing for this week learning adventure, I can say that, besides our chapters in textbooks, I read so many different articles, but for this paper I have chosen the article written by Maier- Lorentz Transcultural nursing: Its importance in nursing practice. I found this article easy to understand and fallow through and I agree with many things listed and discussed by the author. We can define diversity in many different ways many years ago diversity was defined mainly by gender, race, or color. In today’s world, we can also add on sexual orientation, military experience, education, work experience, marital status and many more. With a diverse workforce health care can compete with the higher achieving global organization. This article is discussing important of diversity in the nursing profession. As we can see from the article increasing culturally diverse workforce creates positive outcome for the hospital or organization, and also helps in delivering better care for patients and families (Maier-Lorentz, 2008). That is why this issue has been incorporated through nursing schools in their curriculums as well as boards and examinations, also organizations implemented and developed policies and procedures to help with cultural diversity. As of 2004, there were 2.4% working RN’s in the United States. 94.2% were women, with 5.8% being men 89.3% were Caucasian and 4.2% African American...
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...Obesity is a Growing Problem in America MARY ANN JONES GCU Introduction to Nursing Research NRS-433V Dodie Serafini September 08, 2012 Obesity is a Growing Problem in America Obesity has become a major growing problem in healthcare due to fact that the percentage of obese adults has increased to an alarming 35.7. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.) The medical cost of obese patients in 2008 was estimated at $147 billion which is much higher than people of normal weight. The qualitative study researched for this paper explores obese patient’s experiences, and perceptions of support in primary care. Nurses need to have an understanding of patient’s perceptions and thoughts in order to provide optimal care. The study researched is called Primary care support for tackling obesity: a qualitative study of the perceptions of obese patients. In nursing it is important to understand the way patients perceive the care or treatment they receive in order for us to maybe make changes in the way we do things. The way patients perceive their primary care will play a role in what they learn and what they will do. It can also make a difference in them obtaining treatment or care. In nursing we need to make sure are meeting the needs of our patients and their perceptions of their care or treatment help us evaluate our effectiveness. The range of the experiences varied, but all participants had experienced some type of intervention or treatment to address their weight issues...
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...America and Diversity Kathy McGowan ETH/125 February 2, 2014 Shanna Birkholz-Vasquez America and Diversity Over more than two hundred years, the United States has grown from a fledgling nation to one of the most powerful countries in the world. The principles which established this nation attracted many different groups to its shores. Principles of freedom of religion and speech bought refugees from different ethnic groups. While other groups came to seek their fortune in the “land of opportunity”, one group came to the America under duress. Each group found prejudice and discrimination. As the years passed and the country continued to grow, the barriers of prejudice and discrimination were beginning to crumble. The different groups began to accept the differences that accompanied the diversity of the nation. These changes bring up a question. Has the United States finally overcome our fear of diversity? If we examine the cultural background of Americans, we will discover many are of European descent. Many of our ancestors came looking for religious freedom. Others came to settle debts they had in their homeland. Some citizens are descendants of slaves who were sold to affluent citizens and plantation owners. The circumstances around people in these groups arrival resulted in prejudice and ethnocentrism. Prejudice was not just directed toward African Americans during the 19th century. German, Irish, Polish, Chinese and Italian immigrants found themselves...
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