... * Still lived in undesirable neighborhoods- eco depriv and ghettoisation Effects of WW2 on BAM : turning point B soldier in Europe: * Radicalized them- appalled fighting for country- treated liked 2nd class citizens * Put in diff canteens, transported to battlefield sep from W- employed as cooks and cleaners- denied right to fight- less training + poor equip World war race war: double V sign- fighting overseas and racism at home Black heroes: boosted self esteem- Woodrow Crocket- 1st B pilot in US air force Eco changes: * S- $4.5 bill factories war goods * B unable to get jobs due to racism- Randolph appalled- threat to lead march unless industries changed * Roosevelt issued exec order- FEPC- industries not discrim when hiring * N industry boomed- migration- changes allowed BA play role in war effort * End of war- 48% of B pop urban and better paid * Randolph put pressure on gov- polis act in favour of racial equality Diff following WW2: N V S Politics: S: * Pre war- 2%B vote- 1945- 15% * Efforts of B campaigners and ex soldiers greeted with hostility by W racists- inc in...
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...GENDER DISCRIMINATION OUTLINE I. Constitutional law A. Background: 100 years of discrimination > theme: law responding to gender discrepancies 1) Should men & women ever be treated differently under the law? a. Definition of equality: = choice/power/income i. Pay gap: women earn $0.74 for every $1.00 a man earns b. Linda Hershman article, Homeward Bound: Many educated & intelligent women decide to stay home with their babies > those decisions are connected to the fact that women are paid less than men, in general c. Evolution in law i. Common law (blackstone): women lost their identity after marriage (merged with husband) & considered inferior to men (acted under husband) - Result: Tenants in the entirety or joint accounts > assumed man put in all the $ (women has BOP to prove otherwise) ii. After 14th amendment > women began to feel that they should have rights as well B. 19th Century: 2 sphere ideology where women queen of home & men marketplace people > no = protection because genders seperaet 1) Privileges and Immunities Clause of the 14th amendment - a. Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) i. FACTS: Bradwell and her husband ran the most influential legal paper in the Midwest & she wanted a license to practice law...
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...GENDER DISCRIMINATION OUTLINE I. Constitutional law A. Background: 100 years of discrimination > theme: law responding to gender discrepancies 1) Should men & women ever be treated differently under the law? a. Definition of equality: = choice/power/income i. Pay gap: women earn $0.74 for every $1.00 a man earns b. Linda Hershman article, Homeward Bound: Many educated & intelligent women decide to stay home with their babies > those decisions are connected to the fact that women are paid less than men, in general c. Evolution in law i. Common law (blackstone): women lost their identity after marriage (merged with husband) & considered inferior to men (acted under husband) - Result: Tenants in the entirety or joint accounts > assumed man put in all the $ (women has BOP to prove otherwise) ii. After 14th amendment > women began to feel that they should have rights as well B. 19th Century: 2 sphere ideology where women queen of home & men marketplace people > no = protection because genders seperaet 1) Privileges and Immunities Clause of the 14th amendment - a. Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) i. FACTS: Bradwell and her husband ran the most influential legal paper in the Midwest & she wanted a license to practice law...
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...the likeness of God; thus exemplifying their value amongst the animal kingdom. In denying this, the Darwinian Theory would not see an ethical issue with racial profiling. Due to the fact that humans are not special, it should not matter as to how they are treated. Therefore, a Darwinist would not see anything particularly wrong with singling out a racial group (for safety concerns) based on stereotypes as opposed to reason. In conclusion, a Darwinist would not see racial profiling as a negative practice due to the fact that, it is human nature to eliminate possible dangers, it is natural for a group with a favorable trait to dominate a group with less favorable traits, and because humans are not unique – there is not ethical issue with discrim ...
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...Health Practitioner Student’s Name Institution Affiliation Disability and Social stigma. The production focuses on the various forms of disability that are common in the society, i.e. blindness, deafness, mental disability and other physical impairments. It is a sign that can be used in various mediums such as on signposts, in the electronic media and communicates the message effectively since it is just simple. According to the Oxford English Dictionary (2013), disability can be defined as “a physical or mental condition that limits a person’s movements, senses or activities.” From this definition alone, disability is seen as a limiting factor or problem. There are two models that view disability from different points of view. The medical model sees disability as a problem that needs fixing, more like a malfunctioning machine. The social model emphasizes that disability is a problem created by the society and not actually existing in the individual by creating unequal outcomes for physically impaired people as compared to able bodied persons. It brings out the difference between disability and impairment (Carson, 2009). The fact that society itself views them as a minority group is the reason I chose this group (I personally have a passion for taking care of the disadvantaged in the society). The society is responsible for all the stigma and stereotyping that is associated with disabled people thus making their lives unnecessarily hard. Taking...
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...Discrimination One of the challenges and issues in our work place is discrimination and it is impossible to prevent or correct discrimination without information about it. Therefore, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission “EEOC “created a Manual that clearly addresses the importance of policy and procedures in case of discrimination. Based on the Commission's guide, employers are required to prevent and correct discrimination through legislation and efficient enforcement mechanisms in the work place. Discrimination has many faces but, one of the forms of discrimination which we need to have a firm understanding is refusal of standard rights to persons because of race, nationality, age and sex. Race It is against the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that an employer reject to accept an application or refuse hire, promotion, compensation, job training or any other employment privileges because of an employee’s race or color. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) reports that it received 100,000 job bias charges during fiscal year 2012. Also, the EEOC has observed The number of people who filed race discrimination claims (33,512) increased in 2012 (Dipboye & Collela,2005).The EEOC indicated that in 2012, discrimination for certain racial minorities showed a deep impact in the current down turn of world of work. For example, in the United States, the unemployment rate remains almost twice as high for African-Americans relative...
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...A Handbook of Statistical Analyses using SAS SECOND EDITION Geoff Der Statistician MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow Glasgow, Scotland and Brian S. Everitt Professor of Statistics in Behavioural Science Institute of Psychiatry University of London London, U.K. CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Catalog record is available from the Library of Congress This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. Trademark Notice:...
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...Affirmative Action Jackie Carter COM/220 May 18, 2011 Staci Weaver CheckPoint - Introduction and Conclusion Are affirmative action policies and programs still necessary in this day and age, even if it creates reverse discrimination? One of the country’s top debated issues is affirmative action. Affirmative Action came about when President John F. Kennedy signed Executive Order 10925 that created the President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity whose purpose was to ensure all employees are treated fairly, without regard to race, creed, color, or national origin (Elliott & Ewoh, 2000). Since its inception, Affirmative Action program and policies have taken on a life of their own. Affirmative action is a term that refers to mandatory and voluntary programs intended to affirm the civil rights of designated classes of individuals. Affirmative action or Executive Order 11246 (EO11246) was created, after the civil rights movement, by the federal courts to ensure companies were not using discriminatory hiring practices. Affirmative action is similar but different from equal opportunity. Equal opportunity is an attempt to avoid discrimination by applying the performance related criteria to all applicants, in other words, each individual should be given the same treatment as all other individuals. Unequal treatment of minority groups is considered discriminatory and illegal. This process ignores the past history of discrimination of an employer and also...
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...o f flexibility and denounces violence. In the Q u r’an, Surat A l-’A n 'am (The Cattle), verse 108 states: In the name o f God, the Gracious, the M erciful O m ankind, “And do not insult those they invoke other than Allah, lest they insult Allah in enm ity without know ledge.” In the name o f God, the Gracious, the M erciful O mankind, “ So by m ercy from Allah, [O M uham m ad], you were lenient with them. And if you had been rude [in speech] and harsh in heart, they would have disbanded from about you. So pardon them and ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the m atter,” Surat ‘Ali 'Im ran (Fam ily o f Imran), verse 159. The Importance of Good Deeds and Tolerance Islam evaluates people by their good deeds without discrim ination: In the nam e o f God, the Gracious, the M...
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...Multivariate Discriminant Analysis Priyanshi Gupta An Overview MDA is a statistical technique used to classify an observation into one of the several a priori groupings dependent on the observation’s individual characteristics. It is used primarily to classify and/or make predictions in the problems where dependent variable comes in qualitative form, for example, male or female, bankrupt or non-bankrupt etc. So the first step is to establish explicit group classifications. We have got observations coming from k groups. We are trying to look at what is the best way or best function in order to discriminate observations coming from different groups. Once such function is in place, we go to classification which basically is the problem of classification of a new observation into appropriate population using the discriminant function. So typically in such problems, once you have a set of data (called LEARNING set of data) with observations possibly coming from different populations are pre-classified, having predefined memberships to the groups. And based on the particular previously classified data, we create a discriminant function and can use it after proper calibration to classify a new observation to be coming from one of the groups. Discriminant analysis is used when groups are known a priori. Types of DA Problems 2 Group Problems... …regression can be used k-Group Problem (where k>=2)... …regression cannot be used if k>2 Example of a...
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...EXPOSURE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK Foreign Exchange Exposure is the sensitivity of the real domestic currency value of assets, liabilities, or operating incomes to unanticipated changes in exchange rates EXPOSURE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK Foreign Exchange Risk is measured by the variance of the domestic - currency value of assets, liabilities, or operating income that is attributable to unanticipated changes in exchange rates EXPOSURE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK • Three important Facts: - Changes in the nominal exchange rate are not offset by corresponding changes in prices at home and abroad: there is real exchange rate risk - Neither the forward rate is successful in forecasting the exchange rate nor are other fundamental variables - Given the various market imperfections in the real world, hedging exchange rate risk can lead to an increase in the value of the firm EXPOSURE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK • Three types of Exposure: - Translation or Accounting Exposure - Transaction or Contractual Exposure - Operating or Economic Exposure EXPOSURE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK • Three types of Exposure: Exchange Rate Shock 1. Translation or Accounting Exposure ∆ in FE rate ∆ in Accounting statements 3. Operating Exposure ∆ in FE rate 2. Transaction Exposure ∆ in FE rate ∆ in outstanding obligations ∆ in future cash flows EXPOSURE OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK • Translation or Accounting Exposure: Is the sensitivity of the...
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...The aim of the essay is to link sociology and the law and show how law and society are related and interdependent. INTRODUCTION Discrimination separates people instead of uniting them. Discrimination also hampers the self-confidence and affects the psychology of the person being discriminated against. Prejudice causes several changes in society .Even though these changes might not be intended .Discrimination is a threat to democracy, democracy is based on the idea of a society in which all individuals enjoy equal rights and treatment irrespective of their caste , gender, wealth etc. Democracy recognizes the equal worth of all citizens and has laws that help prevent discrimination in all spheres of life. Each person has a righto live with dignity and honour , this concept of equality is found in human rights. Discrimination can deprive the person of opportunities to progress in life, for example unfair payment for work has several consequences like having a smaller apartment, leading to dissatisfaction with one’s life when he stops going to places because of a fear of not being let in , this fear could exist due to previous exclusion from the enjoyment of these services. Or he could consider himself to be inferior after experiencing discrimination in recruitment, and stops looking for a job. Law is perhaps the most important instrument in the fight against discrimination. Law re flects the most fundamental values of the...
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...Content READING YOUR REPORT YOUR AMCAT SCORES MODULE FEEDBACK YOUR PERSONALITY YOUR INDUSTRY AND JOB FITMENT IMPROVE YOUR EMPLOYABILITY NEXT STEP Chapter I. READING YOUR REPORT You must be having a lot of questions about your skills, personality and employability. AMCAT Employability Report will not only help answer these questions, but will become your guide for deciding next steps on your career path. It will tell you what to study, what interviews to prepare for and how to prepare. Refer to the following tips to understand how to make this report a means to get closer to your dream job. Start by referring to the 'YOUR AMCAT SCORE SUMMARY' chapter of your report. This chapter has all the key highlights for you. You will get to know where you stand nationally in different AMCAT modules, a snapshot of your personality and your employability in different job profiles and sectors. The summary chapter is the key. You should understand everything in it to know where you stand in the job market. For each section in the summary chapter, we mention the chapter having additional information about the section. Wherever you are unable to understand or want more information, refer to the respective chapter. The chapter 'Your Profile and Industry Fitment' is very important. The following tips will help you use it to make an action plan for next few months: a. For profiles where your employability is high, you should start refreshing your knowledge for an interview for them. You...
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...Constitutional Law II Tebbe Spring 08 4 Equality and the Constitution 4 Class 1: Slavery and the Constitution 4 1. The Original Constitution 4 2. State v. Post 4 3. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) 4 4. Reconstruction 5 5. Post-Reconstruction Cases 6 Class 2: The Advent of American Constitutional Law: Brown 7 6. RACIAL EQUALITY 7 7. Brown I (1954) The segregation of children in public schools based solely on race violates the Equal Protection Clause. 7 2. Brown II 8 3. What was the constitutional harm in Brown? 8 4. THEORY 8 5. Subsequent School Desegregation 9 Class 3: Local Efforts to Desegregate: Parents Involved 11 6. Parents Involved 11 Class 4: Rational Basis Review: Cleburne, Romer, etc. 13 2. Tiers of Scrutiny 13 3. Beazer (1979) 13 4. Moreno (1973) 14 5. Cleburne (1985) 14 6. Romer (1996) 15 7. Nordlinger (1992) and Allegheny Pittsburgh (1989) 16 8. Lee Optical (1955) 17 Class 5: Racial Classifications and Heightened Scrutiny: Strauder, Korematsu, Loving 17 9. Heightened Scrutiny Analysis 17 10. Strauder (1880) 17 11. Korematsu (1944) 18 12. Loving (1967) 19 13. Theories Supporting Strict Scrutiny of Racial Classifications 20 14. Tiers of Scrutiny 20 15. Tiers of Scrutiny Table 21 Class 6: Facially Neutral Classifications: Washington v. Davis 21 16. Types of Discrimination (from Fall) 21 X. Disparate...
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...E-Business advantages for Airline Industries Analysis of the supply chain structure of the Airline Industry to highlight the advantages of the e–Business systems Index E-Business advantages for Airline Industries ................................................................................................ 1 Introduction and scope ............................................................................................................................... 2 The Airline Industry .................................................................................................................................. 2 External actors ........................................................................................................................................... 2 I.C.A.O................................................................................................................................................... 3 I.A.T.A. .................................................................................................................................................. 3 EUROCONTROL.................................................................................................................................. 4 The digital flight, how the e-business revolutionized the Airline Industry ...............................................4 Can we make the journey experience different? Should we do it?........................................................ 5 ...
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