...As a parent, there is no such thing as a gentle entry into the world of pediatric epilepsy. The day your child has his or her first seizure is frightening, devastating, and intimidating (Freeman, Vining, & Pillas, 1997). The word prognosis becomes a word of fear and unknown of what is to come in your child’s future. There is no single diagnosis but many ranges of epilepsies in childhood (“Epilepsy in Children: What every parent needs to know,” n.d.). Many children with epilepsy might have high success in management and others may face challenges. Therefore, to help these challenges families should become familiarized with diagnosis, treatment, psychosocial issues and community resources. Meanwhile, if the family begins to understand epilepsy...
Words: 2479 - Pages: 10
...activity in the brain. A seizure can influence a person’s behavior for a brief period. A seizure can alter what the brain and body does normally. Many people think that seizures are some sort of disease but, it all boils down to changes in chemicals within the nerve cells. During a seizure brain cells get excited or prevent other brain cells from sending their routine messages. In some cases in the presence of a seizure, there could be too much activity or too little activity. Seizures are an indication that a potential disorder is affecting the brain. The reality is some seizures can hardly be noticed, other seizure while other seizures can greatly reduce function. Different lobes of...
Words: 1605 - Pages: 7
...Epilepsy Jennifer, Jones Life Span April 12, 2012 Epilepsy Epilepsy which is also known as a seizure disorder is a chronic brain disorder that stops the normal electrical flow to the brain causing seizures. PubMed Health (2012) states “Epilepsy occurs when permanent changes in brain tissue cause the brain to be too excitable or jumpy.” Epilepsy is a subject near to my heart due to my boyfriend’s daily battles with this disease. He is either taking a drug store worth of pills every day or he risks of having a seizure. According to A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia (2012) “A seizure is a sudden brief change in the electrical and chemical activity in your brain” The attack only takes a few minutes, and once it is over, the victim is tired and confused as he regains consciousness. Epilepsy is one of the earliest forms of mental diseases that were recorded in history. Epilepsy occurs when the clusters of cells or neurons signal abnormally affecting the brain. Normally, the neurons act as information highways in the body as they determine the feelings that someone gets. In the case, where one has epilepsy the neurons normal activity pattern is disturbed causing the body to react in a funny manner ranging from strange feelings, convulsions, muscle spasms, and even loss of consciousness. Epilepsy affects all people differently, attacking frequently in some, while in others attacking only seldom. ...
Words: 1875 - Pages: 8
...the priority, should be driven by the clinical presentation of the child’s event. This article will present an algorithm to assist bedside nurses in safely caring for children with a variety of seizure types. The algorithm can be used as a road map to assist staff nurses in safely and appropriately stocking patients’ bedsides with emergency equipment as needed for children with seizures. However, to understand the clinical symptoms of a seizure, it is important to first review basic pathophysiology and seizure classification. What Is a Seizure? Seizures are a common neurologic disorder of childhood, and many pediatric nurses will care for children with epilepsy during their careers. The term “seizure precautions” is used frequently in nursing practice; however, its definition varies among institutions. Childhood epilepsy has many phenotypes, and while some children require airway clearance and ventilatory support in the event of a seizure, many will not. The bedside equipment for a child with seizures should reflect the patient’s symptoms. To that end, an algorithm based on seizure classification and current practice in seizure precautions is presented to aid bedside nurses in safely caring for children with seizures. The algorithm may also be used to assist in educating parents about the safest way to care for their child at home, without sending contradictory messages about different needs for equipment in the hospital and in the home. Special Circumstance: Medication Taper...
Words: 1256 - Pages: 6
...If an infant is born with manifestations of the disease, he/she will recover as soon as the maternal antibodies have disappeared. Trends and Barriers There is not a tremendous amount of information on the epidemiology of BP. Some studies have shown that there is a 0.2 and 3.0 occurrence in 100,000 people per year. However, BP is the most common form of immunobullous disease in Western Europe with 43 million cases per year in the U.K. There have been 7-13 million cases reported per year in other parts of Europe. There seems to be no link with sex or race with this disease. Some studies have shown that there is a link between BP and other autoimmune disorders such as diabetes, anemia, lichen planus and...
Words: 843 - Pages: 4
...In Environmental Science there is a vast understanding that humans are the main problem for a variable amount of pollution, trash production, climate change and the creation of human health hazards. But many times these facts are presented in a very generalized way, failing to allow humans to connect to these environmental issues, making many feel as though they are not issues occurring in the present. That is until humans are awoken by a horrific experience many times once it is too late. One example is what the EPA called “Americas Most Notorious Environmental Disaster,” Love Canal. This event that should have, and could have been prevented, became an event straight out of a nightmare for a community and got America's attention. This disaster paved the way to finally set regulations and attempt in preventing something like this to happen again. Love Canal proved that these real human-made health hazards have horrific effects and can hit close to home in the blink of an eye....
Words: 838 - Pages: 4
...Should ECT be Used to Treat Mental Illness Electroconvulsive therapy is often said to be the quickest and most effective treatment in treating symptoms of mental disorders, but at what cost? Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is used to treat severe mental disorders such as, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. The practice of ECT requires electrical currents to be applied to the brain which produces a generalized seizure. The application of electrical currents result in permeant and severe brain damage. The devastating negative effects greatly outweigh the short-lived successful results produced by ECT. ECT should not be used to treat mental disorders as it is unethical and unsafe. From the time we are children it is stressed that we need to protect our brain. As one...
Words: 1551 - Pages: 7
...Case Study Research Method Definition of a Case Study: * “Investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident.(Case studies focus on understanding the dynamics present within a single setting. (Eisenhardt, 1989)). * “A case study is an empirical enquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon in depth and within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident.(Robert K.Yin)” Historical background: Case study method emphasizes the study of a single individual. And it comes in the category of single-case research designs. Single-case designs have been used since scientific psychology began in the19th century. Psychophysical methods had their origin in the work of Gustav Fechner and were described in his 1860 book, Elemente der Psychophysik. Fechner,and countless other psychophysicists since, relied on data obtained through experiments with one or two individuals. Hermann Ebbinghaus is another major figure in the early history of psychology who used a single-case design. In fact, the single case that Ebbinghaus studied was himself. He was both the participant and the experimenter for the research he published in his monograph on memory in 1885. Over a period of many months he learned and then attempted to relearn hundreds of series of nonsense syllables. His data provided psychologists...
Words: 3558 - Pages: 15
...The Psychological Causes and Effects of Masochism and Sadism Katelyn Mueller Florida Institute of Technology Human Sexuality December 6, 2015 Abstract Masochism and sadism are very alike in nature. Masochism is a sexual perversion characterized by pleasure in being subjected to pain or humiliation; especially by a loved object. Sadism is the pleasure in being abused or dominated. Sadists have a taste for suffering. Masochism could be a means of escaping from one’s self. It could be a temporally extended identity. The awareness of one’s self is replaced by the focus on immediate present and on bodily sensations. Psychologists have found that the principle feature of masochism such as pain, bondage, and humiliation help accomplish the escape from high-level self-awareness. There are several different theories about where sadism began. Freud believed that instead of deriving from the pleasure principle, it derives from the death instinct. Some researchers have even looked into whether sadism could be the result of hormonal or chromosomal abnormalities. Many psychologists have considered sadism and masochism as corresponding oddities and this is supported by the finding that individuals with masochistic fantasies often have sadistic fantasies as well. Masochism is a sexual perversion characterized by pleasure in being subjected to pain or humiliation; especially by a loved object. Sadism is the pleasure in being abused or dominated. Masochism and sadism are a lot alike in nature...
Words: 1980 - Pages: 8
...------------------------------------------------- Midterm Review PT-16 Studyguide 1. ABC approach: A= antecedent, B=behavior, C=consequence * Preventative approaches * Attempts to alter antecedents * Seeks to understand the purpose of function of the behavior * Behavior is presumed to have some reinforcing function 2. Acquired disorders: due to an injury. 3. Akathesia: A syndrome characterized by an inability to remain seated, with motor restlessness and a feeling of muscular quivering; may appear as a side effect of antipsychotic and neuroleptic medication. 4. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR): A primitive reflex, also called fencer’s response, found in infants, usually is no longer evident by 3 months of age. When neck is turned in one direction, the arm shoots out on the same side and flexes on the opposite side; similar changes occur in the legs. 5. Athetoid diplegia: A form of cerebral palsy primarily seen where there is no muscle control in which the legs are more affected than the arms. 6. Athetoid hemiplegia: A form of cerebral palsy which is a form of dyskinetic cerebral palsy associated with athetosis (constant random, writhing involuntary movements of the limbs. One side of the body is more affected than the other; usually, the arm is more affected than the leg. Because the motor neurons that control one side of the body are located in the opposite cerebral cortex, a right-side hemiplegia implies damage to or dysfunction of...
Words: 2892 - Pages: 12
...Genetic diseases to Immune related diseases, and Infectious and Contagious diseases to Parasitic Infections. There is a world that one can get lost in when it comes to learning about theses things. Some diseases have been around for years while others are still being studied with new ones occurring today in the modern world. Along with these diseases it is important to study and understand what causes them, what signs to look for, what species to look for them in, how to treat them, and how to prevent them from happening, IF you can even prevent them. Some diseases and conditions have vaccines to help with prevention and some do not, while some diseases are zoonotic meaning that they can be transmitted from animal to human. While there are hundreds upon hundreds of diseases to be looked at, the ten researched below are the ones once prevalent among the veterinary technicians job in the clinic; Hip Dysplasia and Ethylene Glycol poisoning in dogs, Hyperthyroidism and Rabies in cats, Strangles and Equine Recurrent Uveitits in Horses, Cryptosporidium and Fasciola Hepatica in Ruminants and Swine, Idiopathic Epilepsy in Aviaries, and Lymphoma in Ferrets. Hip Dysplasia in dogs is a congenial condition caused by a femur that does not fit correctly into the pelvic socket, or poorly developed muscles in the pelvic area. The causes of hip dysplasia are considered heritable, but new research conclusively suggests that environment also plays a role. Although to what degree is caused by genetics...
Words: 17767 - Pages: 72
...Carbohydrates are Killing Us Softly Thomas J. Engstrom Western Governors University WGU Student ID# 000529592 Carbohydrates are Killing Us Softly The nutritional dietary consumption of carbohydrates is between 55-75% for the vast majority of the global population as their main source of food intake and energy. And the general populous continues to be misinformed by government agencies regarding what a normal, healthy diet, should be, as well as what a balanced diet looks like. Eating a low-carb high-fat, or ketogenic, diet of high fat, adequate protein and low carbohydrates can provide many health benefits as compared to the alternative of an unhealthy diet. Research suggests that a ketogenic diet builds a healthier body than other diets because it will lead to weight loss, improved blood pressure, and reduce appetites. The ketogenic diet is the foundation for a healthy life. As noted by Dr. Eenfeldt (2014), The ketogenic diet has been referred to by different names, such as: the keto diet, low carb diet, low carb high fat (LCHF), and to some degree the Adkins Diet. The ketogenic diet is a well known diet for being associated with consuming a low amount of carbohydrates, a moderate amount of protein and high amount of fat, where the body produces ketones in the liver to be used as energy (Taubes, 2008). With a diet high in carbohydrates your body will produce glucose and insulin. Glucose is the easiest molecule for your body to convert and use as energy, so it will...
Words: 3974 - Pages: 16
...HOW TO USE CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH IN UTILIZING ACCIDENT &EMERGENCY DEPA RMENT? BY ZAHRA AHMED EBRAHIM Master in Business Administration General Management Organization and Business Management Open Asia e University 2011 Introduction Background of the Study A number of approaches to the structure and management of organizations developed during the late 1800s and early 1900s .The early philosophies are traditionally labelled classical theory while the later approaches include systems theory and contingency theory. The classical approach to organization focuses efficiency through design. Eleanor and Phillip (2009) kept four elements to build classical theory: division and specialization of labour, chain of command, organizational structure, and span of control. The first element emphasised about dividing the work reduces the number of task that lead to proficiency and specialization. The second element is the chain of command which is meant the hierarchy of authority and responsibility within the organization. However, the collaboration between staff and there managers improve the efficiency and productivity of the unit. Moreover, the third element is organizational structure that describes the arrangement of the work group. The design of the Organization is intended to faster the organization survival and success. Finally, the span of control addresses the pragmatic concern of how many employees a manager can effectively supervise. The later approaches...
Words: 3093 - Pages: 13
...PATHO Exam 3 Study Guide * Define KEY WORDS (terminology) listed in the syllabus * Answer the OUTCOMES in the syllabus as if they are questions * Review all Activities, Games, extra videos, journal articles, etc. posted in course contents * Review the handouts from class: case studies, matching, charts, etc. Normal Values | Intracranial pressure | 5-10 mm Hg | Blood glucose | 70-130 | Hgb A1c | <5.7% | Thyroid levels | | Parathyroid levels | | Types of bone cells | Osteoblasts | Bone forming cellsThey are responsible for bone growth and repair | Osteocytes | Osteoblasts that have become trapped, imprisoned within mineralized bone matrix (MATURE BONE CELLS) | Osteoclasts | Reabsorb or remove bone during growth and repair (also assist in the release of calcium and phosphate)**bone reabsorption; bone destroying cells | *So, if one is immobilized then the osteoclastic activity is greater than the osteoblastic activity in bone marrow decreases. This is why we have debone mineralization during immobilization. Maintenance of bone integrity | This occurs through remodeling and it is a 3 phase process where existing bone is resorbed and new bone is laid down [repairs bone, does not heal bones] | Phase 1 | Activation phaseThis is where a stimulus occurs, such as a weight baring exercise, causing the formation of osteoclasts | Phase 2 | Resorption This is where osteoclasts form a cutting zone and resorb or remove bone | Phase 3 | Formation...
Words: 13795 - Pages: 56
...Social Psychology * How people influence one another * We have a bio need for social interaction * Social isolation activates areas of cingulate cortex (also associated w/ physical pain) * We seek to conform to a group (evolutionarily) Social Facilitation: The presence of others enhances our performance 1897 – 1st social psych experiment – bicyclist’s bike faster when racing others rather than the clock Social Disruption: Presence of others worsens performance (usually when task is difficult Attribution Assigning a cause to someone’s behavior (Why you are acting the way you are) Internal Attribution Saying that the cause of a behavior is because of an internal personality (This person acts this way because that’s the way she is) External Attribution Attribute cause of behavior to something external (The person is acting this way because of an external reason- life problems) Fundamental Attribution Error Lee Ross (1977) Tendency to overuse the internal attribution for other behavior, but underused it for yourself (for ourselves, we use the external attribution) Social Comparison theory Leon Festinger (1954) We evaluate our own beliefs, reactions, behaviors by comparing them to others. Can lead to mass hysteria When entire group behaves irrationally Most likely when situation is ambiguous “Collective delusions” entire group is convinced of something false Conformity Tendency to conform behavior as a result of...
Words: 2631 - Pages: 11
