...Project #1 There are multiple different reasons for why people choose to migrate and where they choose to go when they do. As far as my migration pattern goes it can be considered as voluntary, forced, and internal migration. The forced migration could be considered when my family moved to Washington because even though I was still young I had no choice about the matter since it was due to my father’s work. The move to Washington would be the only one that I would make until going to college. This move could be considered as voluntary migration since I decided to attend school here in Montana. Both of which were internal migration. There are two consistent reasons for migration between my family, which are voluntary migration, and internal migration. From the information I had on my family there weren’t any cases of interregional migration from the generations that I knew of but I’m sure that further back there had to have been some kind of interregional migration. There are a couple instances of forced migration in my family due to being in the military and being stationed in a specific place. Based off the information on my family it is pretty clear that all of the migration that took place was internal. You can see that my fathers side of the family is from the south and that the only migration that really takes place is internal and voluntary staying relatively close. The only exception to this was my father who was stationed in California while in the military...
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...Topic: Agriculture Personal notes Outline: * Land Reform & Econ Dev * Explaining the poor performance of African Agric * Assessing the Impact of Agric Policy Reforms * Exploiting the synergy between price and non-price factors 1. Land Reform * Means alot: redistribution/reclamation/reforestation & policies affecting land * For us – narrow focus. SO: redistrib of prop /land rights for benefit of landless / tenants and farm labourers * Agrarian refors – embraces improvement in tenure and agric organisation Property rights: * Establishment or PR system is nb public good * Large info on benefits from public invest in securing and maintaining prop rights to land: in Afr is one of most nb assets Land Tenure: * Must change if agric g and improvement is to happen * Set of rights to det who owns land and who has rights to use and how it be used * Issues: marriage, inheritance, sale, mortgage, size of farming, operation, water, pasture, and tenancy * Types: Communal, Pvt/Freehold, State * Communal most popular Issues in communal land system: * Use and conservation given degradation, agroforestry, cultivation * Security of tenure & investment – what you control determines level of your investment into land * Exclusivity of tenure – if not exclusive use, and you cant control mgt of – not invest * Land as asset for credit – if not own/control, not get finance * Fragmentation/Subdivision...
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...Research Article A GIS‐based reconstruction of Little Ice Age glacier maximum extensions for South Tyrol, Italy 5 Christoph Knoll Department of Geography University of Innsbruck Hanns Kerschner Department of Geography University of Innsbruck Armin Heller 10 Philipp Rastner 15 20 25 30 35 40 Department of Geography Institute for Applied Remote Sensing University of Innsbruck EURAC Bolzano Keywords: Little Ice Age, glacier reconstruction, glacier development, GIS Abstract A reconstruction method of historical glacier topographies and a possibility of the usage of these results are demonstrated in this paper. This reconstruction was accomplished for 310 Alpine glaciers in South Tyrol, Italy. These glaciers are featured with a wealth of different historical (e.g. paintings, photographs and historical maps) and recent data sources (airborne laser scan based digital terrain model and digital orthophotos) that allow the reconstruction of the Little Ice Age maximum extension. These sources are among the best historical and recent documents of glaciers for the mid 19th century. The results of this reconstruction visualize the ongoing climate change in a comprehensive way. The area changes between the time of the Little Ice Age maximum extent (around the year 1850) and the recent glaciation in 2006 amounts in a ...
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