...MODULE 1: SOCIAL GERONTOLOGY - OVERVIEW/LEARNING OUTCOMES/ KEY TERMS CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW In this first section, you are presented with an introduction to the field of gerontology, which addresses the social, psychological, physical, and demographic concerns related to aging and introduces the role of the person-environment perspective to study issues relevant to aging. Due to an increasing interest in understanding the process of aging and the changing demographics of the world, including the United States, gerontology is a growing field. More and more people in the U.S. are living beyond age 65 or even 85, with these "oldest old" as the fastest growing age group among Americans. The population of older adults in the U.S. is also becoming more ethnically diverse, although elders of color generally have a lower life expectancy due to health and economic disparities. The growth of the older population has raised questions as to whether our nation is prepared to meet the health care and social service needs of this group and their families. Given the growth in the number of older adults, society needs to address the public policy issues related to aging, including assessing the appropriateness of current policy and exploring innovative policy to meet the changing needs of older adults. Researching policy and social issues related to aging poses some challenges to gerontologists. The important question centers on being able to distinguish age differences from cohort differences...
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...better housing, and long-term care services. For active ageing, an innovative project known as the ‘Elder Academy’ aimed at promoting intergenerational cohesion, which is now under threat owing to changing social patterns. With the rapid increase in the number of ‘old-olds’, more resources on dementia care, community support, professional staff development, carer training, and coordination of care are necessary. In terms of financing, shared responsibility is the only viable option. In the 2012-13 budget speech, a pilot for community care service voucher as a means of promoting ageing at home was announced. As the coming cohorts of elders are more affluent and knowledgeable, they tend to be healthier and have different demands and expectations, such as independent living with better quality of life. The private sector may explore the markets of community care services and elder-oriented products. To meet the emerging needs, a holistic approach should be adopted, with modifications of the labour laws to make use of the talents of elders and to provide more flexible work arrangements for family members to care for elders. Key word: Health services for the aged AN UNFORESEEN SITUATION “Population ageing is first and foremost a success story for public health policies as well as social and economic development.”1 Population ageing is attributable to the...
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...Running Head : EXCEPTIONAL LONGEVITY Exceptional Longevity : An Overview of Centenarian’s Environmental, Psychological, Social and Genetic Backgrounds Tahmina Sarwari University of Toronto at Scarborough November 2nd, 2010 Over the last few centuries, the life expectancy of humans has significantly increased; a trend that is expected to continually grow at a rate of 2.5 years per decade (Arnold et al., 2010). As such, humans nowadays can expect to live longer than their ancestors before them. Several studies have aimed to determine what factors contribute to exceptionally prolonged existence. The following text shall explore the genetic, environmental, psychological as well as lifestyle factors common in centenarians, a population believed to be exemplary of optimal functioning in humans, to determine norms that can explain this phenomenon, shedding light on the gateways to prolonged life. Finally, the text shall address the implications of these research findings. One breakthrough study, known as the “Georgia Centenarian Study” by Poon and colleagues conducted in 1992, has been exceptional in sparking subsequent research in the field of gerontology. This study consisted of recruiting 285 centenarians and individuals nearing 100 years of age (i.e. 98 years and older) from a 44-county area of northern Georgia (Davey et al., 2010). Participants were recruited from skilled...
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...A Broken System SOC 304: Social Gerontology October 29, 2012 The Social Security System, created in 1935, is the one of the most costly items in the federal budget today. The program was created to provide old age, survivors and disability insurance to a large portion of Americans, mostly the elderly who are now out of the work force. The Social Security Act was a major turning point in American history Today the U.S. Social Security system has been in the news a lot lately. While politicians throw around dramatic words like crisis and bankrupt, regular Americans have more concerns. Social Security has assisted to defend millions of employees from scarcity in their elder years, but demographic truths have transformed over the last seventy years and are still altering. (Smith, 2010) If Social Security does not transform with them, the system will be incapable to fulfill its guarantees to tomorrow’s retirees and will load the next generations, our children and grandchildren, with hard taxes. The President would let Americans save some of their Social Security taxes in personal retirement accounts that they own and that Congress can never legislate away. Personal retirement accounts would strengthen Social Security by assisting all US citizens to raise their retirement income and pass on a nest egg to construct a better fiscal future for their households. (Smith, 2010) Several Social Security professionals think the system is in crisis because it will soon be incapable to...
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...ADULTHOOD ASSIGNMENT 4 FOR PYC4805 UNIQUE NUMBER: 714714 STUDENT 3350-133-5 JULY 2013 PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 4 - Page 1 THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN THE ELDERLY Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………… 3 2. Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 2.1 Environmental factors associated with life satisfaction………………………………….. 4 2.1.1 Social support…………………………………………………………………………… 4 2.1.2 Socioeconomic factors…………………………………………………………………. 4 2.1.3 Neighbourhood structure………………………………………………………………. 5 2.1.4 Facilities and resources………………………………………………………………... 5 2.1.5 Involvement in activities………………………………………………………………... 5 2.2 Individual factors and life satisfaction……………………………………………………... 6 2.2.1 Personality and character traits……………………………………………………….. 6 2.2.2 Physical health………………………………………………………………………….. 6 2.2.3 Financial resources…………………………………………………………………….. 7 2.2.4 Locus of control…………………………………………………………………………. 7 2.2.5 Personal autonomy…………………………………………………………………….. 7 2.2.6 Social engagement and sense of connectedness………………………………….. 7 3. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 4. References……………………………………………………………………………………….8 PYC4805 ASSIGNMENT 4 - Page 2 THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON LIFE SATISFACTION IN THE ELDERLY 1. Introduction. There is a dearth of material on life satisfaction, and in particular, life satisfaction among the elderly and the various factors...
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...your field of study to help in generating a topic for this essay. Some sample topics are listed below: If you are majoring in one of the Sciences programs in our SCIP unit, you might be majoring in one of the following: environmental management, biotechnology, laboratory management, social science, gerontology, psychology, or political science You might write a comparison-contrast essay on one of the following: green and non-green buildings two processes in building sustainable communities two countries’ approaches to a particular environmental issue archaeal viruses and bacterial viruses two gene lists in a particular animal community descriptive and prescriptive discriminant analysis in the social sciences two views of a particular field of study in the social sciences two methods of performance appraisal for an employee gender differences in a particular psychological phenomenon two frailty models two cultures’ methods or attitudes toward caring for the elderly If you are majoring in one of the disciplines in our Computer Information Systems and Technology (CITE) unit, you might be majoring in one of the following: computer networks and security, computer science, cybersecurity, digital media and web technology, or information systems management You might write a comparison-contrast essay on one of the following: two cultures’ views on project management and success in a software project SQL and QBE viewing...
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...Age Related Healthcare Discrimination (Ageism) in Healthcare Student Name Professor Name DHA-865 July 14, 2013 | Age Related Healthcare Discrimination (Ageism) in Healthcare While the “Greatest Generation” is a title often given to those Americans who lived and died during the era of the Great Depression and World War II, their offspring, the “Baby Boom” generation, significantly shaped and improved the American landscape as well if for no greater reason than the sheer number of people who make up this population (Steinhorn, 2006). Today, based predominantly on that very same reason, the baby boomer population is now making a very different, yet equally as profound impact on American society. More specifically, this impact is being made on the healthcare system of the US, and the discriminatory practice of “ageism” that older patients currently face. The purpose of this paper is to explore, analyze, and evaluate both the practice of age discrimination in healthcare and the federal policy issues and efforts that are involved with it. The work begins by providing background information on the current demographics of the aging American population and forecasts for the impact this will likely have on the healthcare industry in the near future. It then transitions into a discussion on what ageism is, where its historical roots come from, and where it fits into the federal Fair Labor Act. A review of the literature is then presented, documenting the discrimination...
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...Later Adulthood Development BSHS/325 April 21, 2014 Sandra Knepp Later Adulthood Development As adults get older into their 50’s and up they go through many life changes socially, mentally, and personally. Their roles change in society. More than 9 percent of the U.S. population is made up of those who are 65 and older and they are the fastest growing age group in society. Most of them can no longer be independent and they need assistance from others. The older generation faces discrimination with age as well as job discrimination. The older generation need more help with getting around, shopping, driving, cooking, getting dressed and doing daily living activities. This is why nursing homes are available to help in these situations. Many older people do not drive. Some cannot afford the cost while others have physical limitations. This can be very inconvenient for them. It is also true that many older people are victims of crime. This is because they are vulnerable. They aren’t as fast, strong, and don’t have as much energy. When a crime does happen many won’t report it because they are afraid that the person will harm them or they do not want to be in the system. Health care is an important aspect to the older generation. Physicians are primarily trained for treating the younger generation. So the older generations are often misdiagnosed. Many who are seriously ill do not receive the proper medical attention needed. The older generation experience more muscle...
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...Gerontology Assessment Hannah Forbes Gerontology 06/27/2014 The goal of this assessment is to look in to the life of Sarah Halbert, my grandmother on my mom’s side. She is 79 years-old, and lives with her husband Robert and her sister Lois, whom she takes care of. She is in good physical shape and does everything on her own, but her short term memory is starting to go downhill. She was just diagnosed with COPD not too long ago due to her closet smoking that she thinks no one knows about and she just had a clot removed from her neck vein, but other than that she has no other limitations. In this assessment, I want to learn more about her life and, also make some suggestions to her on things that can improve her quality of life. While spending four days with my grandmother we went through a serious of questions, recommendations, and improved on some small changes around the house and in her daily life. We first talked about her view on health and wellness. She started off by saying that, a healthy attitude is the key to accepting changes in cognitive and physical function. She also said when she was younger she defined health and wellness as the ability to be at an ideal weight, exercise daily, and having no physical limitations. She says as you age so does your mind set on health and wellness. Her idea of health and wellness now is just being able to do everything she needs to do without help. She stated, “I am 79 years old and a lot of people do not make it to my...
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...changed which means people have changed. Retiring does not have the same value for everyone; it is not what some look forward too because everyone will not retire and live a life of luxury. Retirement is not the same experience for everyone, but it does open doors to a new life experience. Although there are many reasons and different views and outlooks, retiring could be full of opportunities and possibilities. Retirement is what you make it. Sixty-five is not the magical number of retirees anymore. Some are retiring early while others sixty-five and older are still working. Family, health, race and gender are some aspects that influence one to retire. “Men are more likely to decide to retire when their wives become eligible for Social Security ben¬efits; wives are more likely to be influenced by their husbands’ decisions and the couples’ overall eco¬nomic situation”, (Markson, E. W. & Stein, P. J., pp. 212, 2012). Women earn less so they have less money saved. They don’t know how to plan so they don’t know what do. They don’t invest and if they don’t they take a risk but they are unsure. They live longer than men and typically healthier, but their needs are not met properly because they lack funds and knowledge on retiring, (Rich, S. (2004). Nonetheless, women tend to take on multiple roles; caregiver, wife, and employee. When the situation becomes overwhelmed they will reduce their workload or leave the job completely. However, many men...
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...Steps for Writing a Term Paper LIBRARY GUIDE A TERM PAPER is a concisely written, documented paper of reasonable length in which a student identifies, analyzes, interprets, and draws conclusions from the facts and opinions of other people. A term paper requires a student to obtain information from a variety of sources (i.e., special subject indexes, encyclopedias and dictionaries, reference books, scholarly journals, books, and newspapers) and then place it in logically developed ideas. There are nine steps in writing a term paper, which will be illustrated with brief examples. Step 1: Select a Subject Step 2: Narrow the Subject into a Topic Step 3: State the Objective Step 4: Make a Preliminary Bibliography Step 5: Prepare a tentative Working Outline Step 6: Take Notes Step 7: Prepare a Final Outline Step 8: Write a Draft Step 10: Prepare Final Copy STEP 1: SELECT A SUBJECT To select a subject for a term paper, ask yourself the following questions: • • • • • Am I interested in the subject? Is the subject appropriate for my class? Is the subject too broad? too limited? Is the subject manageable in terms of length and deadline for completing the paper? Is the subject likely to be covered adequately in books, journals, or newspapers? your answers should be YES to most of these questions. Try to choose a subject you are interested in and will enjoy researching. In some courses, your instructor may give you a choice from a list of suggested topics. If you do not have a choice...
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...food habit, residential location, belief and culture, etc. Surprisingly, ageing takes place within the context of family members, kin, neighbours, friends, work associates and the state. Lifelong preparations, making intergenerational linkages, using appropriate technology, developing right-based societal relationships, upholding religious values at the personal level, political commitment and governmental undertaking at the macro-level can help ensure a healthy ageing and active later life. Policy responses to ageing until now have tended to focus only on the provision of medical care and income security for older persons, which remain important but have been inadequate compared to the rate of ageing occurring now and projected to intensify in the coming decades. Population ageing is a by-product of scientific development in human societies bound to remain a dominant social problem throughout the 21st century. It is also gaining increasing recognition as one of the most influential forces of change in societies; becoming one of the defining global issues to shape the future of the world's societies. Ageing has an influence on development and interacts with global patterns in labour and capital markets, governmental pension services and traditional support...
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...Steps for Writing a Term Paper LIBRARY GUIDE A TERM PAPER is a concisely written, documented paper of reasonable length in which a student identifies, analyzes, interprets, and draws conclusions from the facts and opinions of other people. A term paper requires a student to obtain information from a variety of sources (i.e., special subject indexes, encyclopedias and dictionaries, reference books, scholarly journals, books, and newspapers) and then place it in logically developed ideas. There are nine steps in writing a term paper, which will be illustrated with brief examples. Step 1: Select a Subject Step 2: Narrow the Subject into a Topic Step 3: State the Objective Step 4: Make a Preliminary Bibliography Step 5: Prepare a tentative Working Outline Step 6: Take Notes Step 7: Prepare a Final Outline Step 8: Write a Draft Step 10: Prepare Final Copy STEP 1: SELECT A SUBJECT To select a subject for a term paper, ask yourself the following questions: • • • • • Am I interested in the subject? Is the subject appropriate for my class? Is the subject too broad? too limited? Is the subject manageable in terms of length and deadline for completing the paper? Is the subject likely to be covered adequately in books, journals, or newspapers? your answers should be YES to most of these questions. Try to choose a subject you are interested in and will enjoy researching. In some courses, your instructor may give you a choice from a list of suggested...
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...Demographic Paper Pedreed Anjahal HCA 490 September 19, 2011 Michael Veal Demographic Paper DEMOGRAPHICS It is a proven fact. With all the advances in modern health care, people are living longer. As someone starts to get older, they start feeling the consequences of aging and strive to find a healthier life style. Still, there comes a point when many people require the professional need of long term health care services. As healthy as today’s population is, illness is usually comes as something unexpected. Upon such an eventuality, a person may require some type of specialized health care needs. POPULATION CONTROL With the Baby Boomer generation decides to retire or stops aging at a phenomenal rate, people requiring long term health care needs are on the rise still. People are living longer and their health care needs may be beyond that, which can be managed by family members. Fortunately, within the current health care field there is a wide variety of systems available for helping to take care of an elderly family member. It is even possible for the family to take the elderly person into his or her home. Alternatively, the family may have to decide to place the elderly member in a nursing home for long-term care. Whichever choice is deemed best, it is always critically important that the elderly person feels comfortable in the environment in which he or she is placed (Feder, Komisar & Niefeld, 2000). According to United States society census...
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...Kevin T. Ellis English 155/Ms. Quinn 26 March 2013 Essay Should Colleges Accept Senior Citizen Student Imagine sitting next to someone’s father or grandmother in a classroom, at first it may feel awkward having a senior age classmate. Later you find they are just well on their subjects both in the classroom and online, and might be someone to consider as a study buddy on a class project. Keep in mind to those older Americans returning to school, the world of the classrooms, can seem both foreign and intimidating. For some senior citizens, taken online courses also eliminate the fear of feeling out of place, where being in a class full of decades-younger students may make them feel, shamed at not having completed their education. Being an online student, they do not have to share their ages or educational background. The flexibility of online courses is also beneficial for seniors with ambulation problems, allows them to still work on class assignments from home. When thinking of education and senior citizens that are returning to school with hopes in getting the degree they missed in the past has their families feeling very proud just to think that they're actually taking advantage of the opportunity that the government has given them to go back to school. Younger students are true believers of the fact that no one is ever too old to learn. The older generations, with the disruption of the wars and the increasing financial insecurities, had to take a back seat to the...
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