...LAW ACT, 2003 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS 1. Scope of application PART II – PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT CENTRES AND PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES 2. Establishment of Public Employment Centre and registration of private employment agencies 3. Functions of the Centres 4. Registration of unemployed persons 5. Employment through Centres or Agencies 6. Employment data 7. Private Employment Agencies PART III – PROTECTION OF EMPLOYMENT 8 Rights of employers 9. Duties of employers 10. Rights of workers 11. Duties of workers 12. Contract of employment 13. Written statement of particulars of contract of employment 14. Prohibition of restrictive conditions of employment 15. Grounds for termination of employment 16. Types of contract of employment 17. Notice of termination of employment 18. Remuneration on termination of employment 19. Exception PART IV – GENERAL CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT Sub-Part – Annual leave with pay 20. Leave entitlement 21. Continuous service 22. Interruption of work by public holidays, sickness of worker etc. 23. Interruption of work by voluntary work, civic duties and special leave 24. Sick leave not part of annual leave 25. Leave to be uninterrupted 26. Employer to bear cost of leave interruption 27. Record of employment leave 28. Worker may take leave in two equal parts 29. Leave entitlement to be restored to suspended worker on reinstallment 30. Termination of employment not to affect leave entitlement earned ...
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...produced per time period with various combinations of resources and with a given state of technology. The production function can be presented as an equation, a graph or a table. The production function summarised in Table 8A.1 reflects, for a hypothetical firm, the output resulting from particular combinations of resources. This firm uses only two resources: capital and labour. The amount of capital used is listed in the left-hand column of the table, and the amount of labour employed is listed across the top. For example, if 1 unit of capital is combined with 7 units of labour, the firm can produce 290 units of output per period. We assume that the firm produces the maximum possible output given the combination of resources employed, and that the same output could not be produced with fewer resources. Since we assume that the production function combines resources efficiently, 290 units is the most that can be produced with 7 units of labour and 1 unit of capital. Thus, we say that the firm’s production is technologically (or productively) efficient. We can examine the effects of adding additional labour to an...
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...Section III: Ratification of Conventions and acceptance of obligations (ILS Handbook of Procedures) Handbook of procedures relating to international labour Conventions and Recommendations III. Ratification of Conventions and acceptance of obligations 18. Procedure. Article 19 of the Constitution provides: 5(d) (I)f the Member obtains the consent of the authority or authorities within whose competence the matter lies, it will communicate the formal ratification of the Convention to the Director-General and will take such action as may be necessary to make effective the provisions of such Convention. 19. Form of communication of ratification. No specific requirements as to form are laid down in the Constitution. Each State will have its own constitutional provisions and practice. In order to be registered, an instrument of ratification nevertheless must (Endnote 1): (a) clearly identify the Convention being ratified; (b) be an original document (on paper, not a facsimile or photocopy) signed by a person with authority to engage the State (such as the Head of State, Prime Minister, Minister responsible for Foreign Affairs or Labour); (c) clearly convey the Government's intention that the State should be bound by the Convention concerned and its undertaking to fulfil the Convention's provisions, preferably with a specific reference to article 19(5)(d) of the ILO Constitution. 20. Compulsory declarations to be included in or to accompany ratifications. Several Conventions...
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...125 [pic]GHANA TRADES UNION CONGRESS MEDIUM TERM POLICIES FOR THE QUADRENNIAL 2008 -2012 [DRAFT] GHANA TRADES UNION CONGRESS Contents PART 1 3 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 3 Challenges at the International Level 3 Challenges at the National Level 4 Challenges at the workplace 8 PART 2 10 GHANA TUC’S PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOCRACY 10 Human Development Objectives 12 Democratic Participation in Decision-Making 14 PART 3 17 POLICIES 17 POLICY ON LABOUR RELATIONS AND SOCIAL DIALOGUE 17 POLICY ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING 20 POLICY ON ORGANISATION, INTERNAL DEMOCRACY AND SOLIDARITY 22 POLICY ON EMPLOYMENT 28 POLICY ON INCOMES 30 POLICY ON INFORMAL ECONOMY 32 POLICY ON SOCIAL PROTECTION 35 POLICY ON HOUSING 38 POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 40 POLICY ON CHILD LABOUR 42 POLICY ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIROMENT 44 POLICY ON HIV/AIDS 46 POLICY ON ENERGY AND POWER 49 POLICY ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 52 POLICY ON THE YOUTH ……………………………………………………………… PART 1 _________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The Ghana Trades Union Congress (TUC) has gone through very difficult challenges since it was established in 1945. Nevertheless, it has maintained its identity and continues to grow stronger. Currently, Ghana TUC has seventeen affiliates with an estimated membership...
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...Accra, Jan. 7, GNA - Mr Joseph Aryitey, Chairman of the National Labour Commission (NLC) on Sunday asked Employers and Organised Labour to bring pressure to bear on the Minister of Employment and Manpower Development to pass the Minister's Regulation, and make the Fair Wages Council work. He called on Parliament to raise the issue of the Minister's Regulation, followed by a national discussion since the three years' period for which the Regulation should be made to work after the passage of the Labour Act, Act 651, had already elapsed. Mr Aryitey made the suggestion during a discussion on "emerging issues in industrial relations in Ghana since 1957," at the 58th Annual New Year School, underway at the University of Ghana, Legon. "The Minister's Regulations on Collective Bargaining; Unionization; Private Employment Centres and Fees for Licences; Sympathy Strikes; Performance of National Tripartite Committee and Incentives for Employers of Persons with Disability should come out after three years after Act 651 was passed. "Let someone raise it in Parliament for the Labour Ministry to wake up and let the Press discuss it," Mr Aryitey said, at the annual one-week extra mural School, organized by the Institute of Adult Education (IAE) of the University of Ghana. The School, which is attracting participants from a cross-section of Ghanaians from among Academia; Politicians; Trade Unions and District Assemblies, is examining Ghana's political, economic and political performance...
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...Migration Research Paper Name of Institution Name of Student Introduction Global economy as well as how society relates is greatly influenced by migration. Throughout history migration has facilitated human interaction which has led to the spread and advancement of humanity as a whole. Migration facilitates the movement of labour, the transfer of ideas, diffusion of new technology and interaction of various cultures. It is therefore important to understand the trends in migration and the factors causing migration. Migration trends also need to be understood in terms of the characteristics of immigrating groups. In so doing the cause behind the migration of these groups becomes evident. This research tackles the factors causing immigration whilst paying special attention to the role played by government policy and state action. This is mainly because emigration and immigration have, over the years, become state affairs transcending the personal requirements of individuals. Countries have adopted strict laws, policies and protocols that guide the emigration and immigration processes. The paper established a deep correlation between these laws, policies and protocols and the migration patterns. This was after analysis of available migration statistics as well as government policy and state action. The latter was found to have a rooted influence on the former either directly or indirectly. In the direct influence, government policy presents a push or pull factor that necessitated...
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...to the study Mining is the extraction of minerals and precious metals from the earth. These minerals and metals consist of manganese, tantalum, copper, tin, silver, diamonds and gold. Mining may be considered in two forms: large scale mining and small scale mining. Large scale mining generally employs large number of people and produces huge tonnes of gold. Examples of companies who engage in these are the Anglo-Gold Ashanti of Ghana, Newmont Ghana, Goldfields Ghana and Minas Serra Palade Mines in Brazil which employed about over thousands workers and yielded thousands tonnes of gold (Amankwah and Anim-Sackey, 2003). Small scale mining is a form of mining that is done at small levels and mostly employs relatively a low number of people (Appiah, 1998). It is generally engaged in by local people within the area where these activities occur, and comes along with it the influx of people from other areas. Small Scale Mining companies use a considerable number of the labour force in the country. While there is no accurate SSM employment number for Ghana (Appiah, 1998), it is estimated that some 500,000 people are openly employed in the sector while additional 500,000 may indirectly be benefiting from the doings. About half of those directly engaged in the S.S.M are said to be illegal operators (Amankwah & Anim-Sackey, 2003) commonly known as “galamsey operators”. The actions of small-scale miners also generate economic linkages with other sectors of the economy helping as raw resources...
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...GLOBALIZATION, EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY IN GHANA Ernest Aryeetey1 1. INTRODUCTION One of the most significant influences on the performance of the economy of Ghana in the last two decades has been derived from the greater interaction between it and other economies. Thus, following economic reforms that focused considerably on opening the economy to greater and freer external trade, globalization has been a major aspect of the economy and society. But this influence has been observed not only in the area of external trade; it is seen also in terms of capital flows, aid, technology transfer, international migration, etc. All of these have seen significant expansion in the period of reforms, even if this has been on a scale far smaller than in South East Asia and the other faster growing developing economies. Globalization has definitely created opportunities for various parts of the economy to gain access to larger pools of resources as well as markets. While this may generally be perceived to have impacted positively on the beneficiaries, there are also indications that globalization has introduced new risks to environments that were hitherto closed to those risks. The increased risk may, in some cases, have accentuated poverty and worsened income distribution in parts of the country. While poverty has always been generally closely associated with the condition of African states, its link with globalization is a more recent development, and is much less understood...
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...transport to characterise globalisation, seeing an increase in greenhouse gas emissions by 86% between 1990 and 2004 due to aviation. However, globalisation is not only effecting the natural environment, it’s also using up it’s finite resources more quickly. For example, China joined the world trade organisation in December 2001. By 2008, it’s coal use had doubled (Tverberg, 2013). The next drawbacks according to the case study are: local job losses (leading to devastation in local economies), exploited workers in LEDC’s and child labour. Globalisation transfers jobs from developed countries to less developed countries – known as offshoring. Cavusgil et al (2013:76) defines offshoring as “the relocation of manufacturing and other value-chain activities to cost effective locations abroad.” E.g. In the US, the % of US citizens with jobs began to drop around roughly the same time China joined the WTO in 2001. One of the main arguments against child labour is that it prevents children from attending school. It is thought that by 2012, 215 million children were working throughout the world, instead of going into education (Cavusgil et al. 2013). The case also illustrates how globalisation can interfere with national sovereignty. This is a problem as the activities of MNE’s can often harm...
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...large waves of migration that would transform the urban space into an industrial site. Yet, the most noticeable phenomenon of migration was a rise and establishment of an informal sector, comprising up to 90% of jobs and 70% of GDP production in countries like India. Are these results perverse, i.e. contrary to the accepted or expected norm? Looking specifically at cities in Ghana and Pakistan, while economic policies must take some blame for the lack of industrialisation, the rise and perseverance of an informal sector results of the confrontational and antagonising policies taken against rural to urban migration, which itself was misunderstood by authorities. More recent research proves that while the informal sector remains as prominent, it is not incompatible with the development of industry. The traditional explanation of migration towards cities (rural-urban migration) is laid out by Lewis in a model that emphasises how the economy goes through structural change. The Lewis model assumes a dualistic economy, where a productive industrial/manufacturing sector sets wages WM at the marginal product of labour contrasts with an unproductive agricultural sector that follows an average product rule. Following classical economics, the industrial production process involves the input of capital such as machines to...
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...SERVICES AND HOW THEY CAN BE MORE RESPONSIVE TO THE NEEDS OF THEIR CLIENTS. Our choice of public service for discussion shall be centered on the Ghana immigration service: The Ghana immigration service is mandated Under PNDC Law 226 (1989) and are granted the sole mandate to regulate and monitor the entry, residence, employment and the exit of foreigners in Ghana. This mandate was renewed and expanded through the passage of the Immigration Act, 2000 in the administration and governance of their operations they are subject to the laws of the land. Their operational duties are governed or influenced by thirteen domestic legal instruments. They are also subject to interpretations of the numerous international conventions, protocols, directives and accords which the state has ratified. Their mission statement is to build a stronger and better Ghana by operating fair but firm immigration controls that regulates and facilitates the movement of people through Ghana’s borders and efficient, effective residence and work permit systems that meet the social and economic needs of the country. But currently the services lack a migration policy. The basic assumption has been that Ghana is a nation of emigration, whereas in fact it has become a nation absorbing large-scale immigration beyond the scope of controlling legislation to manage. Ghana has limited coherence in its immigration law. It lacks vision and long-term goals and has limited reliable data that can serve as the basis for policy-making...
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...programme of learning experiences in education and training settings that will assist students to make informed decisions about their study and or work options and enable them to participate effectively in working life. Career education should be intentional, developmental, comprehensive, and available to all students . According to Watts and Vanesbroeck (1998 ) ,career education plays a key role in helping labour markets work and education systems meet their goals. It also promotes equity: recent evidence suggests that social mobility relies on wider acquisition not just of knowledge and skills, but of an understanding about how to use them. In this context, the mission of career guidance is widening, to become part of lifelong learning. Already, services are starting to adapt, departing from a traditional model of a psychology-led occupation interviewing students about to leave school. According to Herr and Cramer (1982) Career guidance in general, is a systematic program of processes, techniques, or services designed to assist an individual to understand and to act on self-knowledge and knowledge of opportunities in work, education, and leisure and to develop the decision making skills by which one can create and manage one's career development. Such services may be found in schools, universities, and colleges, in training institutions, in public employment services, in the workplace, in the voluntary or community sector and in the private sector. The activities may take...
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...:ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری :)درﺟﮫ اول اھﻤﯿﺖ (ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری (ﺟﻠﺪ اول)، دﮐﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺳﺎن ﻣﮭﺮاﻧﯽ، دﮐﺘﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﯽ، ﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﯽ ﺳﯿﺪ ﺣﺴﯿﻨﯽ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻧﮕﺎه داﻧﺶ (ﺟﻠﺪ دوم ھﻨﻮز ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه .1 )اﺳﺖ )ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮫ ھﺎی ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری ( ﺟﻠﺪ اول )، دﮐﺘﺮ ﺛﻘﻔﯽ ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﺗﺮﻣﮫ ( ﺟﻠﺪ دوم ھﻨﻮز ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ .2 ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری، اﺳﮑﺎت، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯿﺎن، اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﺗﺮﻣﮫ ﻓﺼﻮل ۱، ۲، ۳، ۴، ۵، ۶، ۸ ، ۹ .3 )ﻧﺸﺮﯾﮫ ۳۱۱ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ (ﻣﻔﺎھﯿﻢ ﻧﻈﺮی ﮔﺰارﺷﮕﺮی ﻣﺎﻟﯽ .4 ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری، واﺗﺲ و زﯾﻤﺮﻣﻦ، دﮐﺘﺮ ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﺋﯿﺎن، ﻓﺼﻮل ۴ و ۵ و ۷ .5 :درﺟﮫ دوم اھﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری، ھﻨﺪرﯾﮑﺴﻦ (ﺟﻠﺪ اول و دوم)، دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﯽ ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯿﺎن، اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﺗﺮﻣﮫ ﻓﺼﻮل ۲۱، ۲۲ و ۳۲ .1 ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری، ﺑﻠﮑﻮﯾﯽ ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯿﺎن، اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﺗﺮﻣﮫ. ﻓﺼﻮل ۹ ، ۰۱، ۲۱ و ۴۱ .2 Munich Personal RePEc Archiveدﮐﺘﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﯽ و ﮐﺎﻣﺮان ﺗﺎﺟﯿﮏ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻧﮕﺎه داﻧﺶ، ﻓﺼﻮل ۲ ، ۴ ، ۷ .3 ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری، وﻟﮏ ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮫ :درﺟﮫ ﺳﻮم اھﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری، ھﻨﺪرﯾﮑﺴﻦ (ﺟﻠﺪ اول)، دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﻠﯽ ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯿﺎن، اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﺗﺮﻣﮫ ﻓﺼﻮل ۴، ۶، ۸، ۹ ، ۰۱ .1 ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری، ﺑﻠﮑﻮﯾﯽ ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯿﺎن، ﻓﺼﻮل ۵، ۶ و ۱۱ .2 ﺗﺌﻮری ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری، اﺳﮑﺎت، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯿﺎن، ﻓﺼﻮل ۰۱ و ۱۱ .3 :ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ :)درﺟﮫ اول اھﻤﯿﺖ (ﻣﻨﺒﻊ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، دﮐﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺳﺎن ﻣﮭﺮاﻧﯽ، دﮐﺘﺮ ﮐﺮﻣﯽ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪزاده و اﻣﯿﺪ ﻓﺮﺟﯽ، اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻧﮕﺎه داﻧﺶ .1 :درﺟﮫ دوم اھﻤﯿﺖ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ، دﮐﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﮑﺒﺨﺖ و زھﺮا دﯾﺎﻧﺘﯽ دﯾﻠﻤﯽ، ﻧﺸﺮ ﻣﮭﺮﺑﺎن ( ﻓﺼﻮل ھﺰﯾﻨﮫ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ، ھﺰﯾﻨﮫ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ھﺪف، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ اﻗﺪام ﺑﮫ ھﻨﮕﺎم .1 ).ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﺷﻮد ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاری ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ( ﺟﻠﺪ دوم)، ھﻮرن ﮔﺮن و ھﻤﮑﺎران، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﭘﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯿﺎن و ﻣﻮﺳﯽ ﺑﺰرگ اﺻﻞ (ﻓﺼﻮل ﺑﻮدﺟﮫ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ، ﺑﻮدﺟﮫ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف .2 )ﭘﺬﯾﺮ...
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...whether they are supported by good reasons or poor ones.” In a nut shell ethics is what individuals and the society view as being right or wrong. The case "Slavery in the Chocolate Industry" discusses labor exploitation in the chocolate industry. It specifically addresses the cocoa beans grown on farms in West Africa, especially the Ivory Coast and Ghana, which make up close to half of the world's chocolate. The cocoa farmers of these nations, rely on slaves to harvest their beans, and in some cases, enslavement of young males. The plight of the enslaved children was publicized around the world in September 2000 when True Vision, a British television company, took videos of slave boys on several Ivory Coast farms and broadcast a documentary in Britain and the United Sates. In 2002, the Chocolate Manufactures Association and the World Cocoa Foundations along with major producers signed an agreement to establish a system of certification to certify use of “slave free” cocoa beans. There are many ethical issues raised in this case, let’s commence with the systemic ethical issues such as Slavery. In Ivory Coast and Ghana two countries who are major cocoa bean producers the cocoa farmers rely on slaves to harvest their beans and in some case, enslaves young males. The children where even being sold, in 2001 Human Rights report estimated that about 15000 children from...
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...Perspective Kwasi Dartey-Baah (Corresponding Author) Department of Organisation & Human Resource Management, University of Ghana Business School P.O. Box LG78, Legon, Accra-Ghana, West Africa Telephone: 00233209621292 Email: kdartey-baah@ug.edu.gh George Kofi Amoako Department of Marketing, Central Business School P.O. Box 2305, Tema, Ghana, West Africa Telephone: 00233202620174 Email: gkamoako@central.edu.gh Abstract This paper critically examines Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory and assesses its application and relevance in understanding the essential factors that motivate the Ghanaian worker. The two-factor theory of motivation explains the factors that employees find satisfying and dissatisfying about their jobs. These factors are the hygiene factors and motivators. The hygiene factors when absent can lead to dissatisfaction in the work place but when fully catered for in the work environment on their own are not sufficient to satisfy workers whereas the motivators referring to the nature of the job, provide satisfaction and lead to higher motivation. This paper adds to the understanding of what motivates the Ghanaian worker most and creates the platform for a re-evaluation of the thinking and viewpoint that workers rate motivator factors higher than the hygiene factors in the work setting. Keywords: Frederick Herzberg, hygiene factors, motivators, employee, Ghana 1. Introduction There are numerous motivation theories that have influenced the way organisations manage employees...
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