...Globalization in Brazil: Poverty, Labor, and Human Rights within a Neo-Liberal Framework By: Dylan Fermante 210015071 For: Prof. Hoosiyar AP/HREQ 3010 July 14, 2010 Since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in the 70s a new framework for a global economic structure has been developing. This modern structure is an evolved form of capitalism, driven by neoliberal ideologies, which has adapted to the economic and social conditions of the current day. The recent phenomenon of globalization is in essence a modern form of global hegemony and dominance that establishes control through financial domination and capital exploitation. This paper focuses on this process of domination by examining the effects of neoliberal policies and structural reforms using the nation of Brazil as the unit of analysis. As will be discussed later in this report the government of Brazil has undergone significant structural changes over the last few decades that have resulted in an economic shift towards neoliberal policies. Policies promoting free enterprise capitalism, privatization of national assets, deregulation, tax reforms, flexible interest rates, trade liberalization and reductions in public expenditure have resulted in devastating outcomes for poor and marginalized groups within Brazil. These economic reforms have reordered government priorities resulting in cuts in social spending, worsening of wage inequality, displacement of workers, intensification of national debt and the weakening...
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...has dramatically changed people's way of life all over the world and the world today has become a true manifestation of a global village. Not only the frequency of international travelling increased manifold but the possibilities of cross-border trading of goods and services have also increased exponentially. These impacts are collectively known as globalization. (Hill, 2009) defines globalisation as a process which enables individuals, organisations and governments from different natins to come across each other and interact in an intergative manner. The end result of such intergation would be an intergated globalised market system which can act as a melting pot of indivual economies of different nations. There are two ways in which globalisation can be envisaged, i.e. with the production perspective and thebmarket perspective. (Hill, 2009) defines the markets' globalisation as melting down and convergence of individually independent market places into an amalgamated market place. Sharing of the sources of production from different geographical locations for levaraging the quality and cost of the goods and services produces is the idea behind the products' globalisation. (Hill, 2009) Many institutions have been formulated to help manage, regulate and police the phenomena of globalization and to promote the establishment of transnational treaties for global trade. A few are as following:: * The World Trade Organization (WTO) * The International Monetary Fund (IMF) ...
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...Profit Vs. Freedom of Speech: a Cross-Cultural Perspective It is no secret that in a business profit is the bottom line. It is the reason someone starts a company, the reason employees crawl out of bed each morning, and the reason why sometimes ethical values are bent or broken. On the small scale, such as a local grocery, ethics of the owners and employees can be easily maintained because the area they are operating in shares the same values. This, however, is not the case with global businesses. Instead of a local community for profits large businesses rely on the global market, thus exposing and challenging their original ethics for the sake of continued profits. This cross-cultural perspective will examine a recent example of this challenge when the company Google began to expand into the Chinese and other Asian markets. Google is a multi-billion dollar company that was started in the garage of two Stanford students in 1997 (Google, 2012). The initial goal was to produce an internet search engine that would be able to find and provide access to an immeasurable amount of information. Since its inception, Google published several values that were believed to be the essence of the company. Among them were that all focus should be on the user of the product and that any ad revenue should not come at the users cost, examples include pop-up advertising and manipulated searches (Google, 2012). Google also started with a relaxed approach to business, believing that employees worked...
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...1. Universalism, Communitarian and Marxist perspectives all played a role in the development of human rights on a global scale. Basically, universalism argues that every human, is entitled to the same basic human rights - their gender, nor the religion they practice, nor the colour of their skin has any sort of impact on whether or not they have these rights. According to the course textbook, “universalism… comprises the right to physical security, integrity, freedoms of expression and association, the right to hold and sell private property,” (85). Universalism has strong ties with politics, in particular, liberal and democratic practices; that being said, the concepts of universalism revolve around political rights for the individual with the main focus remaining human rights. On the opposition, Communitarians do not believe the views of largely liberal intellectuals. One of their biggest criticisms is against the evolution and development of modern civilization; it is thought that the emergence of these civilizations forced individuals to become violent and almost barbaric, (96). It is also strongly believed by communitarians that basic human rights, including those listed above are not at all fundamental or inherent in all human beings. Furthermore, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the man credited for many communitarian theories, argued strongly against the notion of human rights defended people from other people and their actions, (97). There are some aspects, or some liberal...
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...^ ^ tC^L X Human Resource Management R. WAYNE MONDY, SPHR in collaboration with JUDY BANDY MONDY McNeese State University Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Preface XXII Acknowledgments xxv Strategic Human Resource Management: An Overview 3 Chapter Objectives 2 HRM in Action: Not HR Branding, Employer Branding 3 Human Resource Management 4 Human Resource Management Functions 5 Staffing 5 • Trends if Innovations: Measuring Quality of Hire in Today's Environment 6 Human Resource Development 6 Compensation 7 / Safety and Health 7 Employee and Labor Relations 7 Human Resource Research 8 Interrelationships of HRM Functions 8 Dynamic Human Resource Management Environment 8 Legal Considerations 8 Labor Market 9 Society 9 Unions 10 Shareholders 10 Competition 10 Customers 10 Technology 10 Economy 11 Unanticipated Events 11 How Human Resource Management Is Practiced in the Real World 11 HR's Changing Strategic Role: Who Performs the Human Resource Management Tasks? 11 Human Resource Manager 12 HR Outsourcing 12 HR Shared Service Centers 13 Professional Employer Organizations (Employee Leasing) 13 Line Managers 14 HR as a Strategic Partner 14 A Strategic HR Example 16 A Strategic HR Audit 16 Human Capital Metrics 17 Human Resource Designations 18 Evolution of Human Resource Management:...
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...Climate Change The world’s changing climate will affect humans, ecosystems, cities and energy use, all in varying degrees (Gillard, 2011; Australian Catholic University, 2013b). This essay will describe the climate change issue and explain how it pertains to social justice and the common good. Climate change influences many different stakeholders, including governments, skeptics, the media, developing countries and future generations (ACU, 2013b). This essay will explore three of those perspectives being, developing countries, economists and Christians. It will identify the stakeholders, analyse their perspective highlighting their viewpoint on change. This viewpoint will be examined in terms of the common good and the principles of human flourishing and conclude discussing how the common good may best be served. Climate change is the change in the earth’s climate over many years. This change includes global warming, measured by the rise in the earth’s temperature (ACU, 2013b). For the purpose of this essay it is assumed that global warming results from human production of excess green house gases including carbon dioxide emissions (Gore, 2006). These gases form a layer in the earth’s atmosphere causing the sun’s rays to be reflected back down to earth and this called the Green House Effect further exacerbated by burning fossil fuels, deforestation and altering natural landscapes (ACU, 2013b). The effects of Global Warming are projected to rise over the next 50-100 years...
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...A subjective observation in the human sciences can therefore lead to different conclusions. The extent to which the ‘human sciences’ contribute to a true experimental system could be argued, unlike the ‘natural sciences’ or ‘mathematics’ both of which have a strict foundation of logic. Such a flaw in this area of knowledge results in various assumptions regarding the reliability of our social judgment and perception. One may argue that despite the fact that a man is exposed to a diversified community, he may be under the influence of a stereotype based on a physical characteristic. In this perspective, mentally categorizing a certain group on the basis of an instinctive verdict can be derived from attributions on, for instance, behavior or character. Therefore, the human sciences and empirical approaches to physical characteristics can be reliable to an extent. However, subjective observations in this context may also result in a fixed social...
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...The Global News Stations Blue Ranney ReactionPaper-RanneyB-FA13 Middle East In the Middle East (Southwest, Asia) there has been a war going on for over hundreds of years and many people have lost their lives and some live on to tell their stories. It’s not every day that we hear about everything going on over in the Southwestern region, but there are all sorts of unfathomable crimes taking place as we speak today. I’ve seen on CNBC nightly news the war crimes taking place in Syria. There have been over 180 Syrians killed and over 200 women and children kept as hostages. This is a war crime led by rebels teamed with the government. If it wasn’t for CNBC news I wouldn’t have known about this story. There are numerous different ways to hear about what’s going on in the world today. You can read magazines, watch TV, and get information from the internet. I personally like to stay up with the world news using the internet. Three foundations that I would like to focus on are “Human Rights Watch, NPR, and Alternet”. My first thoughts of these sites, I drew a blank, and didn’t really know what to expect from them. The one similarity that I recognized is how they are funded foundations through charities and donations. The” Human Rights Watch” and “NPR” are both funded...
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...HUMAN AND NATIONAL SECURITY: ENMESHING CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SECURITY PARADIGM IN EMERGING SECURITY DYNAMICS Introduction and Background In the realm of international relations and political science, there has been the recurring debate on the human versus national security. Theorists and scholars, like Goucha and Crowley (2008, 57) enrolled into the ethos of realism take the state-oriented view of the security and places the dominance of national security over human security; whereas, those who take the idealistic view of the entire episode take the human security as the primary level of security to be protected by the state (Mathew, 2010, 78). The idea of human security gained eminence in security studies with developments taken place in the aftermath of the post-Cold War era. The Cold War put the security apparatuses and concepts over all other dominant themes of national and pubic life and couched them into strategic and national cultures all over the world. Now as the world is moving into new era of globalization, economic expansion and post-industrial revolution, the focus has also been shifted from national security to other facets of global world like climate change, AIDS/HIV and poverty. In this work, the contrasting debate between national security and human security will be presented in an argumentative style. For this purpose, the concept of human security will be derived from UNHP Report of 1994 whereas the concept of national security will be couched in its classical...
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...Background International concerns with human rights, health and environmental protection have expanded considerably in the past several decades. In response, the international community has created a vast array of international legal instruments, specialized organs, and agencies at the global and regional levels to respond to identified problems in each of the three areas. Often these have seemed to develop in isolation from one another. Yet the links between human rights, health and environmental protection were apparent at least from the first international conference on the human environment, held in Stockholm in 1972. “Man is both creature and molder of his environment, which gives him physical sustenance and affords him the opportunity for intellectual, moral, social and spiritual growth. . . . Both aspects of man’s environment, the natural and the man-made, are essential to his well-being and to the enjoyment of basic human rights even the right to life itself.” Therefore, it becomes very important to study the impacts of industrial pollution and threats to bio diversity closely while studying about Human Rights. Industrial pollution is one of the main causes of pollution worldwide. Industrial activities are a major source of air, water and land pollution, leading to illness and loss of life all over the world. The World Health Organization estimates that outdoor air pollution alone accounts for around 2% of all heart and lung diseases, about 5% of all lung cancers...
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...Analysis | Business Ethics in a Global Context | Presented To: Dr. Jang Singh | | | | Executive Summary This report will examine the Mining Industry via ethical perspectives. This report includes a brief overview of the industry followed by an evaluation of the Mining industry’s value chain; including an environmental analysis of a mining company, as well as an evaluation of the industry’s corporate social responsibility, corporate social responsiveness and finally the corporate social performance. The Mining Industry is one of the World’s largest industries. The ‘idea’ of mining dates back to the beginning stage of civilization. Some examples of early mining can be found in Egypt, Europe and the Philippines. As of now, top mining countries are South Africa, Russia, Australia, Ukraine and Guinea. This industry faces constant technology advancement, consequently it is an expensive investment, with large profit. The Mining Industry can be controversial when looked through an ethical lens. This Industry is analysed through four perspectives. * The utilitarianism perspective, an act is morally right if the outcome benefits the greatest amount of people; * The rights perspective, basically, important entitlements that should be respected and protected in every action; * The justice perspective, fair treatment of individuals in a situation where everyone is involved and gets what they deserve to; * The virtue perspective, morally correct behaviour is...
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...will either increase or decrease RIO; this can be in the long-term or the short-term. PharmaCare additionally need to be concerned with opinions from members of Capitol Hill. Since they have a strong lobby, members of the Hill will be very interested any progress, or lack of progress that PharmaCARE makes regarding the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Communities and the indigenous works within Colberia are also stakeholders of PharmaCARE; success or failure could be the difference between prosperity or poverty for Colberia. This is also true of PharmaCare’s regular employees and management; success or failure could mean loss wages, or bonuses. Human Rights Issues One of the areas that PharmaCARE should address immediately is the human rights issues associated with their work force in Colberia. They currently treat their indigenous works with little regard, low pay and harsh working and living conditions; while catering to their executives with luxury billeting, and other recreational luxuries. Not addressing these issues immediately will ruin PharmaCARE’s reputation globally, leave room for...
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...adopted many legal frameworks and many companies have joined the United Nation Global Compact that makes France, one of the largest network. Moreover, CSR is related to history in France with the Human Right constitution. Nowadays, CSR is a key issue that has to be taking into consideration in a domestic that will impact an international scale. For France, CSR is not only related to ethnic issues bus can also have a good and a bad impact in social issues, economic in France and overseas and in the environment. France is perceived as one of the leader in CSR, more than 47% of French companies have an exemplary CSR management and system while only 40% in the OCDE and 15% in the BRICS. But France has a problem with the integration of ethical issues regarding risk management, recent conviction or rules policy. (Ecovadis, 2015). This good performance is linked to a good structured in their CSR approach that covers several aspects from the global key issues that has to be covered, but also through a good communication of the diverse actions and a constant innovation in the process to improve it. But this performance it’s also linked to the interest and the measures took by France in their legal framework As an active member of the UNGC, France has voted in 2001 the NRE that will regulated companies and implement CSR in their legal framework. From that we can see some pillars, which are: Human Rights, Governance, Labour, Environment and Anti-Corruption. But from legal...
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...Estimation Module IV: Project Risk Types and Measures of Project Risk, Sensitivity Analysis, Scenario Analysis, Optimal Timing, Social Cost Benefit Anaysis, Net Benefit in terms of Economic Prices, Measurement of the Impact on Distribution, Savings Impact and its value, Income Distribution Impact, Little-Mirrlees Approach, Shadow Prices Examination Scheme Components CPA TP Q/S A ME EE Weightage (%) 5 5 5 5 10 70 References • Chandra P.(2002), Projects: Planning, Analysis, Financing, Implementation & Review, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing. • Meredith J.R. & Mantel S.J., Jr.( 2000), Project Management: A Managerial Approach, Ed. John Wiley & Sons. • Machiraju H.R.(2001), Introduction to Project Finance: An Analytical Perspective, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. • Patel B.M.(2000),Project Management: Strategic Financial Planning Examination & Control, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. • Finnerty J. D.(1996), Project Financing: Asset-Based Financial Engineering, Wiley • Newbold C.R.,(1998), Project Management in the Fast Lane: Applying Theory & Constraints, St. Lucie Press • Anthony R.N. & Govindrajan V.(1998), Management Control Systems, Tata McGraw-Hill • Desai V.(1997), Project Management, Himalaya Publishing House MBA 412: COMMERCIAL BANKING Credit Units: 03 Course Objectives The aim of this course is to give the student an overview of banking industry and prepare him for various...
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...markets, the influencing factors are extremely relevant in the present standards of social, cultural and political standpoints. The society prevalently runs within Neo liberal globalization perspective which is not as prevalent to benefits of all households. While corporate elites are gaining power and money from this “neo liberal globalization prospective”, the people that are not involved are suffering. Suffering components from the neo liberal globalization were told that the benefits of the success from those at the top will trickle down to benefit all in addition to available temporary assistance during the adjustment of the new global economy. As a result, there has been a growing gap between the rich and deprived which has an outcome of income equality that results into more people needing assistance to meet the needs of the society globally. People are at a disadvantaged within their society due to the current trade policies. There can be a positive outcome for global societies by managing globalization in order to micro manage the ability of different trades while creating a fair trading environment which can help poor countries enter the market which can result in available work for the people in global society. Massive social and economic changes are taking place within the global world of society due to the changes within the market, and also the development becoming the importance of how social change would be able to take place. Social scientist should put efforts...
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