...– ASSIGNMENT TWO: ESSAY Immoderate expansion of urban area, known as ‘urban sprawl’, becomes a wide-spreading phenomenon in most countries nowadays. This is majorly due to the improvement of mobility at all levels and the great economic benefits lying behind the sprawled urban areas. However, urban sprawl not only degrades the environment and changes global climate, but also generates a number of social problems, such as polarization and inequality. To solve the problems resulting from urban sprawl, many international organizations put technology forward as the most efficient and economically feasible approach. This essay will outline how urban sprawl results in these problems and point out the risks of depending on technologies to address environmental issues as well as its limitation to solve the social ones. In many countries in the world, urban sprawl imposes great stress on both of ecological and social well-being. In the first place, urban sprawl causes a lot of environmental problems. One of the burning issues for the international community is global warming. In order to support the running of current transportation, the utilities to warm or cool spacious houses and household appliances in neighborhoods on the outskirts of cities, energy mainly created by fossil fuels becomes greatly demanded, thus giving rise to higher emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, which is considered as one of the arch-criminals causing global warming (Gonzalez, 2005)....
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...situation. In this sense, they have an objective character. There are conditions in society such as poverty, racism, sexism that cause material or psycho logical suffering for parts of the population. Those conditions are, therefore, social problems in any social setting. Social problems are those conditions which are universally agreed upon by society to have adverse effects many people and those conditions which causes material and psychic suffering of the body or society such as HIV/AIDS, terrorism, war, poverty, conflict, corruption and crime (Eitzen and Bacca- Zinn, 2009). Thus, social problems have their roots form the social, economic, political, environmental, cultural and geographical contexts, thus they are socially constructed. This essay assesses the Marxist explanation and its applicability to the study of social problems and on the whole what solutions it suggests to address them. The conflict perspective is a structuralist theory which examines social institutions and how power and economic material are distributed in society. The Marxist perspective posits that society is divided into two major classes of those who own the means of production and those who are the subordinates. The relations between them create a good platform for the creation of social problems since these two...
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...situation. In this sense, they have an objective character. There are conditions in society such as poverty, racism, sexism that cause material or psychological suffering for parts of the population. Those conditions are, therefore, social problems in any social setting. Social problems are those conditions which are universally agreed upon by society to have adverse effects many people and those conditions which causes material and psychic suffering of the body or society such as HIV/AIDS, terrorism, war, poverty, conflict, corruption and crime (Eitzen and Bacca-Zinn, 2009). Thus, social problems have their roots form the social, economic, political, environmental, cultural and geographical contexts, thus they are socially constructed. This essay assesses the Marxist explanation and its applicability to the study of social problems and on the whole what solutions it suggests to address them. The conflict perspective is a structuralist theory which examines social institutions and how power and economic material are distributed in society. The Marxist perspective posits that society is divided into two major classes of those who own the means of production and those who are the subordinates. The relations between them create a good platform for the creation of social problems since these two...
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...Robert Hoefer Professor Arenson English 101 17 July 2012 Common Ground Essay The first commercial coal mine in America was started in the 1748. ("History of US Coal Use.") The first commercial oil well in the United States was drilled in 1859. (Yergin, 7) These two fossil fuels were the power behind the American Industrial Revolution, and wealth behind Edward Berwind and John Rockefeller(Brinkley, 435), respectively, that continue to provide power and fuel in present day society. Natural gas is another fossil fuel that helps to provide for the needs of today. Oil, coal, and gas companies tout new technologies that make their products cleaner and safer for the environment. Opponents of fossil fuels say there is no way to burn them cleanly. Proponents for fossil fuels believe there are plenty of reserves to keep America running on fossil fuels for years to come. Advocates for newer technologies, “green” technologies, such as solar power, geothermal energy, and biofuels claim that the time to move on from these fossil fuels has arrived. The new energy sources claim to be renewable so as to never run out. (E.g., the sun would have to supernova for solar power to run out.) They believe the point of “Peak Oil”- the point at which worldwide oil production begins to decline, has already passed and the country will need their new technologies to keep pace during the changing of the energy guard. There are many lenses through which to look at the use of all these energy sources...
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...Women Equal to Men This world has many questions to ask about Global Warming, Why Animals are going Extinct, Technology advancing quickly and The Growth of population. A common question that is commonly debated everyday is Are Women Equal to Men? Of course each gender has their answer to the question. Men say that they are more dominant and have harder responsibilities. The Women say that Men do not have harder responsibilities and they can do the work Men Do. Men work to provide income for the family and Women stay at home cook, take care of the kids, wash clothes, and do house chores. This is the kind of wife every Man desires. Men and Women must realize their respective equal roles and strive the complement each other in their shared struggles to improve life. Traditionally Men are the ones that go out and make money to provide for the family. This is why they think that they work harder than Women. They say that women are weak and cannot do the jobs that they do. For example imagine a women being a carpenter. This would be abnormal for a woman to do hard labour work and make carpentry. Men are the ones that have experience of formal jobs, get higher paying jobs, and have more opportunities. “Men-the-sovereign will provide woman-the-liege with material protection and will undertake the more justification of her existence: thus she can evade at once both economic risk and the metaphysical risk of a liberty in which ends and aims contrived without assistance” (Beauvoir 346)...
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...An assignment On Marketing Plan Submitted by: Submitted to: Date of submission: Table of Contents Executive summary: 5 Introduction: 7 Methodology: 7 Part A- Essay: 7 A.01 Changed perception in marketing plan: 7 A.02 Barriers to marketing plan: 7 Marketing function isolation: 8 Organizational barriers: 8 Demographic factors: 8 Economic factors: 8 Technological factors: 8 Culture: 8 A.03 Techniques for overcoming barriers to marketing plan: 8 Be strategic: 8 Be realistic: 8 Stay focused: 9 Monitor the budgets: 9 Market research: 9 A.04 Importance of marketing plan in the strategic plan: 9 Product: 9 Price: 9 Promotion: 9 Place: 9 A.05 Ethical issues in marketing plan: 10 A.06 Organization responses to ethical issues: 10 Individualistic approach: 10 Communal approach: 10 A.07 Example of consumer’s ethics and the effect on the marketing plan: 11 Part B: Preparing marketing plan 11 B.01 Organizational capability evaluation: 11 Business experience: 11 Business reputation: 11 Company culture: 11 Business environment: 11 B.02 Techniques used in organizational auditing and analyzing external factors: 11 B.03Carried out organizational audit and external factors analysis that affect marketing plan: 12 SWOT analysis of the Toyota Company: 12 PEST analysis for Toyota Company: 13 B.04Marketing plan: 14 Marketing objective: 14 Objectives: 14 Strategy statement market share: 14 Brand awareness:...
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...MBA 2006-07 Hilary Term | Marketing, Culture and Society MARKETING, CULTURE and SOCIETY Linda Scott N.B. Please remember to check the Intranet for the most current version of this list. Library staff regularly updates hyperlinks, shelf locations and copy information. Course Aims and Objectives The purpose of this course is to prepare students to understand and act from a sophisticated cultural perspective when confronting issues involving markets and media. Readings, lectures, and discussions will show students how the circulation of goods (and the messages about goods) interact with social groupings, political agendas, other institutional imperatives, cultural tensions, and historical events. Recent research demonstrates quite clearly that such interactions have consistently been more determinative of both market failures and successes than the correct practice of traditional marketing techniques or the faithful application of conventional marketing wisdom. Given the rapid rate of change in today’s markets for goods and services, along with new channels for distribution and communication, this perspective should provide the basis for a more innovative way of practicing marketing, as well as a more globally responsible one. To these ends, a variety of texts have been assigned. These selections are designed to reorient the student toward more lasting, socially grounded, and culturally portable ideas about marketing, as well as to help each reader look at both the context...
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...Ever since 1984, commercial expeditions have been a popular way for amateur climbers to conquer Mount Everest. Commercial guiding expeditions have led to many deaths and have led to pollution of the mountain. In this essay I will discuss a brief history of Mount Everest, what commercial guiding is, how commercial guiding started and how it is affecting Mount Everest. Sources say that Nepal and China should limit the number of guide companies on Everest and make efforts to clean the mountain and its surrounding ecosystems. Mount Everest is the world’s highest mountain and the fifth tallest mountain from the base to the summit. The altitude of Mount Everest is 8,848 meters or 29,029 feet. Everest is located in the Himalaya Mountain Range, which is located in Nepal, China, India and Pakistan. The Himalayas is the tallest mountain range in the world. Most of its peaks exceed 7,200 meters or 23,600 feet. Mount Everest is located in the Mahalangur section of the Himalayas. The south side of the mountain is in Nepal and the north side is in China. The peaks that neighbor Everest are Lotse (the 4th highest mountain in the world), Nuptse and Changste. There are two main routes that commercial expeditions use to reach the summit of Everest. The first route is called the South Col which is located in Nepal. Some of the challenges that climbers face with this route are dealing with the Khumbu icefall and traffic jams on the Lotse face and on the day when climbers try to reach the summit...
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...The Treaty of Lisbon: An Analysis After more than 50 years of European integration, the Treaty of Lisbon is a new step forward but also a deeply contested concept. This essay begins with an overview of how the new Treaty came about and why it was seen as necessary, followed by an analysis of its new developments structured into four parts. Firstly, it considers how the LT is supposed to increase the EU’s effectiveness through more qualified majority voting, the co-decision procedure and through institutional changes including the creation of new leadingpositions.Secondly,democraticvaluesaremoreclearlydefinedandrolesof theEuropeanand national parliaments are reinforced. Thirdly, the LT has attempted to improve citizen’s rights, for example by the new citizens’ initiatives, as well as by making the Charter of Fundamental Rights legally binding. Fourthly, the LT has introduced several political changes, including more cooperation on the common foreign and security policy and how to combat external threats as a global actor with a single voice. Moreover, this essay considers how the LT differs from the Constitutional Treaty, arguing that although no longer a formal constitution, it does maintain constitutional elements. It then looks at some specific issues; in particular, whether legitimacy, transparency and accountability have been improved, and takes the view that while this is the case to some extent, there remains much room to f urther improve. Finally, it also f ocuses on the...
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...social-scientific branch, which is primarily descriptive and empirical. The third strand is the adoption of ethics or at least the trappings of ethics in businesses. This again subdivides into the integration of ethics into business and business practices on the one hand and the commitment to corporate social responsibility on the other. Business ethics was introduced into Europe and Japan in the 1980s although the term did not translate easily, and the development in each country varied from that in the United States because of socio-political-economic differences. It then 337 spread in a variety of ways to other parts of the world, each time with a different local emphasis and history. On the world-wide level it became associated with the UN Global Compact, initiated by the then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in an address to The World Economic Forum on January 31, 1999, and officially launched in July,...
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...TOWARDS A LIBERAL REALISM The student’s name: The course number: The date of submission: The instructor’s name: During the era, of George .W.Bush, a lot of political ambition has taken place. When he got into power, the focus of Bush was to provide an avenue for economic and political prosperity. However, with time because of influences emanating from both the international politics as well as from his own legal advisors, he adopted policies that suited the conditions of the occasion. For instance, during his era, there was the interplay between realism and liberalism. Realism was manifested at the time when his concerns leaned more on his quest to acquire the interests of the nation. However, he seemed to choose a different approach especially after the September 11, 2001 attack. At this time, the interests of the nation were to be abandoned and promote more for the security of the nation. Realism is a theory of international relations which holds the view that the interest of a nation overrides other considerations such as the moral values. Furthermore, actions undertaken by government leaders do not take into account the effect that such deeds may have on other sovereign states. They are therefore, likely to violate the ethical considerations when pursuing their goals and interests from other states. The idea of realism is closely related to the ideas of Thomas Hobbes of people in a state of nature. They are considered to attempt to gratify their...
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...more recently through the rapid deployment of scientific and technological advances in agriculture. I then identify future challenges posed by continued population growth and climate warming on a finite planet. I end by discussing both how we can meet such challenges and what stands in the way. Keywords: Population growth, Agriculture, Domestication, Genetic modification, Technology Background Today we have enough food to meet the world’s needs. Indeed, we have an extraordinary global food system that brings food from all over the planet to consumers who can afford to buy it. The food price spike of 2008 and the resurgence of high food prices in recent years have had little impact on the affluent citizens of the developed world who spend a small fraction of their income on food. By contrast, food prices have a profound impact on the world’s poorest people. Many of them spend half or more of their income on food. During the food price crisis of 2008, there were food riots in more than 30 countries. Unrest in the Middle East and North Africa tracks with the price of food, as is dramatically illustrated in Fig. 1. Spiraling food prices drive the world’s poorest into chronic hunger even in a world of relative plenty. Does this mean we need worry only about poverty, not about the global food supply, as suggested in a recent editorial by the influential New York Times food...
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...APA Referencing Summary A guide to referencing based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). This summary gives examples of the APA referencing style for a number of information sources that you will commonly use. If you cannot find the relevant pattern here, then refer to the APA Publication Manual (6th ed.). Learning Skills highly recommends that you purchase a copy of Robert Perrin’s Pocket Guide to APA Style (3rd ed.) from the Co-op Bookshop. You should also explore using the EndNote software, which you can download for free from the library website. EndNote helps you to reference correctly, and to organize your research and notes. Go to: http://www.csu.edu.au/division/library/research/endnote/index.html Contents Principles – The Reference List – In-text Citations – Page and Paragraph Numbers Print Resources – Books – Periodicals (Journals, Newspapers, and Magazines in print) – CSU Subject Outlines and Readings Audiovisual Media Electronic Media – Basic Principles – Online Journal Articles – Electronic Books – Curriculum and Course Materials Reference Materials – Technical and Research Reports – General Interest Media – Websites Secondary and Other Sources Page 2 2 2 3 6 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 Revised in 2010 This APA Referencing Summary is located at: http://www.csu.edu.au/division/studserv/learning/referencing/index.htm Dr Peter Butler, Manager, Learning, CSU Wagga Page 1 of 16 19.v.2010 Some Basic Principles The Reference...
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...SWOT Analysis | What is SWOT Analysis? | Examples of SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis was originally conceived and developed in the 1960s and its basic organising principles have remained largely unchanged in the field of strategic management since that time (Kotler et al., 2013). It is, as Ghazinoory, Abdi and Azadegan-Mehr (2011) comment, a systematic framework which helps managers to develop their business strategies by appraising the internal and external determinants of their organisation’s performance. Internal environmental factors include leadership talent, human resource capabilities, the company’s culture as well as the effectiveness of its policies and procedures. In contrast, external factors include competition, government legislation, changing trends, and social expectations (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, 2008). The SWOT analysis framework involves analysing the strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) of the business’s internal factors, and the opportunities (O) and threats (T) of its external factors of performance (Ghazinoory, Abdi and Azadegan-Mehr, 2011). Through this analysis, the weaknesses and strengths within a company can correspond to the opportunities and threats in the business environment so that effective strategies can be developed (Helms and Nixon, 2010). It follows from this, therefore, that an organisation can derive an effective strategy by taking advantage of its opportunities by using its strengths and neutralise its threats by minimising the impact...
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...CONTENTS 1. Introduction………………………………… 6 2. Aims and Objectives……………………… 10 3. Standardized Format for 4-years BS degree programme ………………………. 12 4. Scheme of Studies for BS …………………. 14 5. Details of Courses for BS …………………. 16 6. Elective Group Papers ……………………. 45 7. Scheme of Studies for MS Programme …. 48 8. Details of Courses for MS …………………. 50 9. Optional Courses Model……………………. 56 10. Recommendations …………………………. 61 11. Annexures A,B,C,D & E …………………… 63 PREFACE Curriculum of a subject is said to be the throbbing pulse of a nation. By looking at the curriculum one can judge the state of intellectual development and the state of progress of the nation. The world has turned into a global village; new ideas and information are pouring in like a stream. It is, therefore, imperative to update our curricula regularly by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields of knowledge. In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Federal Supervision of Curricula Textbooks and Maintenance of Standards of Education Act 1976, the Federal Government vide notification No. D773/76-JEA (cur.), dated December 4th 1976, appointed the University Grants Commission as the competent authority to look after the curriculum revision work beyond class XII at the bachelor...
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