...Conclusions The globalization of supply chain management is the natural outcome of today’s expanding consumer markets as companies struggle to meet the dynamic needs of growing markets and new customer segments. It has led to a high degree of specialization under an ever-expanding world market. People with special skills can work with little overheads and market globally. Small companies can flourish. Introduction The pace of globalization on the supply chain continues to foster opportunities, challenges and uncertainties for companies around the world. Almost every business is involved in one or more supply chains and Globalization now has an impact on every company, large and small.[1] The purpose of this report is to: 1. Explain when Globalization started. 2. Assess the impact of globalization on supply chain management. Definition Globalization describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade. The term is most closely associated with the term economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, the spread of technology, and military presence. [2] History Of Globalization When It Began The term, globalization, was first used around 1960 to describe international capital flows. If the definition of...
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...informs Vol. 36, No. 3, May–June 2006, pp. 191–193 issn 0092-2102 eissn 1526-551X 06 3603 0191 ® doi 10.1287/inte.1060.0214 © 2006 INFORMS Supply Chain Management: Technology, Globalization, and Policy at a Crossroads Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03768, m.eric.johnson@dartmouth.edu M. Eric Johnson Supply chain management is an important application area for INFORMS, with many opportunities for our community to contribute models and insight. The seemingly relentless forces of globalization and technology continually present us with new supply chain challenges and opportunities for further progress. Over the past decade, researchers and practitioners have developed many models and methods that have influenced supply chain practices. However, as managers and management scientists have embraced these new approaches for improving supply chain competitiveness, these initiatives have slipped into the middle of many important corporate and public debates. Key words: supply chain management; professional: comments on. T he forces of globalization and technology are changing supply chains. In many cases, the supply chains are literally disintegrating. Product designers, marketers, and manufacturers that were previously housed in a single facility are now spread over several continents in organizations with different cultures, languages, and business objectives. For example, not long ago, apparel firms, such as Levi Strauss and Company...
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...Running head: GLOBALIZATION OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN Globalization of the supply chain: The benefits and vulnerabilities Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Bowersox Perspectives 4 Supporting Perspectives 6 Conclusion 8 References 9 Abstract This paper explores the viewpoints presented by various authors on the benefits and risks associated with globalization of the supply chain. Organizations generally enjoy the benefits of market growth and operating efficiencies as a result of engaging in global operations. The success of the organization will be predicated upon its ability to effectively mitigate the associated logistical challenges that are incumbent. Bowersox, Closs & Cooper (2010) suggests that more demanding logistics operating environments, security considerations and more complex total cost analyses are among the vulnerabilities of operating a global supply chain (GSC). This paper will examine in further detail the perspectives offered by Bowersox et al (2010) as supplemented by Helferich & Cook (2002), Gross (2010) and James (2010) which suggests that a single disruption event can have significant consequences on the global supply chain. In addition managerial implications for risk management strategies must be considered in order to preserve the supply chain. Introduction Generally speaking...
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...Chapter 1—Supply Chain Management: An Overview TRUE/FALSE 1. The last decade of the twentieth century was a period of rapid change for organizations, especially businesses. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 2. A key element in Wal-Mart's ability to discount brand name products was an understanding of the criticality of efficiency in its logistics and supply chain system. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Page 6 3. Globalization has had little effect on consumers. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 4. Supply and demand has become less volatile as managers become more adept at controlling the elements. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 5. Outsourcing is a fairly new concept. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Page 8 6. SAB should examine their off-shore purchasing policy, even though the products are sourced from the U.S. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 7. The world economy still favors the United States and European countries, even though China and India can participate in the global economy much more readily. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Page 9 8. The U.S. transportation system was deregulated in the 1930s and 1940s in response to economic conditions and World War 2. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Page 12 9. Even though there are references to supply chain management in the 1980s, SCM did not capture the attention of senior-level management until the 1990s. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Page 14 10. Supply chain managers no longer need to worry about suboptimization in light of today's technology. ANS:...
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...Sergil Houston Business Management 515 Week 3 Assignment 1 Professor Wade Ferguson July 17, 2011 Discuss the current supply chain system at DIMCO. Dimco uses an strategic, operational and tactical supply chain in which they have daily production and distribution planning, including all nodes in the supply chain. Production scheduling for each manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute by minute). Demand planning and forecasting, coordinating the demand forecast of all customers and sharing the forecast with all suppliers. They have sourcing planning, including current inventory and forecast demand, in collaboration with all suppliers. Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving inventory. Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of finished goods. Strategic network optimization, including the number, location, and size of warehousing, distribution centers, and facilities. Strategic partnerships with suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating communication channels for critical information and operational improvements such as cross docking, direct shipping, and third-party logistics. Product life cycle management, so that new and existing products can be optimally integrated into the supply chain and capacity management activities. Their tactical systems includes sourcing contracts and other purchasing decisions. Production decisions, including contracting, scheduling, and planning...
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...overall development of production capability. The success of this ingenious strategy has enabled the company to rise up to global success in the auto industry. While the company still maintains its impressive performance in the application of lean practices, less of its competitive edge can be traced to TPS, more comes from applying lean product development strategies. As a result, lean best practices provide synergy to Toyota Production System. Supply Chain Management Toyota’s Supply chain management is a perfect combination of Porter’s value chain strategy, Kierestsu strategy, and Eliyahu Goldratt’s theory of constraints. Supply chain involves all activities associated with the transformation of raw materials into finished products and flow of products to the consumers as well as the flow of information. Toyota modernized its supply chain management by using information management systems in the 1980’s; suppliers, dealers, body makers, and customers were all linked to the Toyota Network System (TNS). The overall goal of supply chains is to keep all the major components connected. For...
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...“visibility” in the supply chain of your business? What would the potential benefits be and would they outweigh the risks involved? Introduction There exists a distinct difference between an international and a global firm. Whilst the latter “crosses international boundaries in terms of manufacturing, inventory and distribution”, a global company is “characterized by global sourcing and production, along with centralized inventories information”. [ (uol.ohecampus) ] Globalization has introduced complexities in the supply chain and logistics management. According to Rushton et al, complexities provide some significant implications for logistics operations. These include; extended supply lead times, production postponement with local added value, complicated node management, multiple freight transport options, extended and unreliable transit times, and the need for greater visibility in the supply chain. [ (Rushton, Croucher, & Baker, 2011) ] “Supply chain visibility (SCV) is the ability of parts, components or products in transit to be tracked from the manufacturer to their final destination. The goal of SCV is to improve and strengthen the supply chain by making data readily available to all stakeholders, including the customer”. (SearchManufacturingERP, nd) Steps to be taken to increase visibility of the Supply Chain Information systems play a crucial role in managing the complexities brought about by globalization. The more globalised the supply chain, the more...
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...Global Expansion Strategies of Two Korean Carmakers- Case Analysis B6110: Supply Chain Optimization and Outsourcing January 27, 2012 Two Korean Carmakers- Strategic Situations Daewoo and Hyundai are two Korean carmakers who enjoy many structural similarities. Yet the two are direct competitors in the Korean automobile industry, where they are jostling for position, pushing for economies of scale, and hoping to sure up a competitive advantage. Both Daewoo and Hyundai look to international expansion as their recipe for success. Each has formulated a specific expansion strategy in the past based on its particular market situation. Both Daewoo and Hyundai now look to international global expansion for future success. Expansion & Supply Chain The direct competition with each other in the Korean car market had an enormous influence on each firm’s past globalization strategies. The Korean automobile industry has been dominated by Hyundai since the 1970’s. By 1993, Hyundai had established a 50% market share in the Korean market, whereas Daewoo only held 20% (Bowon, 2005, p. 148). In 1993, Hyundai also enjoyed 58% of the market share of automobile exports by Korean companies, whereas Daewoo’s exporting efforts had failed (Bowon, 2005, p. 148). Moving forward from 1993, Daewoo and Hyundai took into account their competitive position against each other when deciding how to conduct their global expansion strategy. “Daewoo focused on expeditiously achieving...
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...overall management of the way resources are obtained, stored and moved to the locations where they are required. Logistics management entails identifying potential suppliers and distributors; evaluating how accessible and effective they are and establishing relationships and signing contracts with the companies who offer the best combination of price and service. 3. Materials management as a definition is the process which integrates the flow of supplies into, through and out of an organization to achieve a level of service which ensures that the right materials are available at the right place at the time in the right quantity and quality and at the right cost. * Material Management is responsible for purchasing the highest quality equipment and products at the lowest possible cost for the organization. 4. supply management describes the methods and processes of modern corporate or institutional buying. This may be for the purchasing of supplies for internal use referred to as indirect goods and services, purchasing raw materials for the consumption during the manufacturing process, or for the purchasing of goods for inventory to be resold as products in the distribution and retail process. * Supply management deals primarily with the oversight and management of materials and services inputs, management of the suppliers who provide those inputs, and support of the process of acquiring those inputs. The performance of supply management departments and supply management...
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...Critiquing the Affects of Globalization, Diversity, and Intuition on Managerial Roles Managerial roles are increasingly more challenging to fulfill with employees, projects and industries spanning across countries and boundaries. With globalization, there are business process differences to overcome, diversity with respect to organizational culture to consider, and the intuitive element is approached from gender perspective as well as its relevancy in shaping managers’ cognitive style. Global change is altering the supply chain management structure and efficiency for U. S. multinational corporations. Johnson (2006) points to five areas of importance regarding supply chain management structures: Globalization and outsourcing, including the impact of China and India on supply chain structure and coordination; new information technologies, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and tools that enable enterprise integration and collaboration; economic forces within and between supply chains, from the consumer pricing to supplier contract negotiation; risk management, including risks from supply chain complexity and from security threats; product lifecycle management, including post-sale service and product recovery (p.191-192). Even though these areas are important, Johnson (2006) underemphasized the importance and affects of cultural values and managerial philosophies on supply chain management organizations (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Anwar and Chaker (2003) demonstrated...
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...since World War II. It has gone through several phases of development in achieving its present status. It is a critical part of supply chain management. The coordination and, perhaps, integration of the logistics systems of all the organizations in a supply chain are necessary requirements for successful management of the supply chain. (Bowersox etc, 2007) Logistics can be divided into two parts: domestic logistics and international logistics. Difference between Domestic & International Logistics can be said to arise mainly on account of the three major factors : 1) Logistic costs is International Business is much more higher than the domestic business 2) The Logistic Mechanics are much more complex in the context of international logistics than the domestic logistics 3) The political, cultural and institutional factors connected with international logistics are of considerable importance whereas these are usually not of much consequence in the context of domestic logistics.(Networker, n.d) Globalization of the world economy and our logistics has advanced at an almost unbelievable speed. Growth in world trade, and corresponding cargo container movements, continues to substantially exceed overall economic growth, meaning that trade volumes are doubling every 5-7 years.(Hill etc, 2001) There are some roles of global logistics: • Globalization helped in doing business beyond the national boundaries. • Internet has made easier to do business across the globe. • Cargo...
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...Cisco Systems, Inc. Supply Chain Risk Management Chuck Munson with María Jesús Sáenz and Elena Revilla Vice President, Publisher: Tim Moore Associate Publisher and Director of Marketing: Amy Neidlinger Executive Editor: Jeanne Glasser Levine Operations Specialist: Jodi Kemper Managing Editor: Kristy Hart Senior Project Editor: Betsy Gratner Compositor: Nonie Ratcliff Manufacturing Buyer: Dan Uhrig © 2014 by Chuck Munson Published by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as FT Press Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 FT Press offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales. For more information, please contact U.S. Corporate and Government Sales, 1-800-382-3419, corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com. For sales outside the U.S., please contact International Sales at international@pearsoned.com. Company and product names mentioned herein are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN-10: 0-13-375744-7 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-375744-6 Pearson Education LTD. Pearson Education Australia PTY, Limited. Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd. Pearson Education Asia, Ltd. Pearson Education Canada, Ltd. Pearson Educación de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Pearson Education—Japan Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd. Reprinted from The Supply Chain Management Casebook (ISBN: 9780133367232) by...
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...March 17 - 19, 2010, Hong Kong Supply Chain Integration: Definition and Challenges Hussain A.H Awad, Mohammad Othman Nassar Abstract—Ever Since the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) Defined Supply Chain Management and the Council of Logistics Management (CLM) adopted the definition of logistics in 1984, the integration of a supply chain processes or activities became obligatory definition. Many firms have extended their chain from upstream and downstream to include other vendors, agents of vendor, and customers. These firms have successfully implemented the concept of supply chain integration with spectacular results after they recognize and manage the integration challenges of supply chain. This research is a humble scientific attempt to shed more on the challenges and the obstacles that those companies faced during their success journey stand behind finding integration in their supply chain. By reviewing the available literature about the supply chain integration challenges we didn’t find a single source able to present all these challenges that may face the organization during its implementation of supply chain integration. The main contributions for this paper are integrating all the of supply chain integration challenges in one source. These contributions will be very helpful for the organizations that establish the integration in their supply chain Index Terms— Supply chain integration, Challenges of supply chain integration. I. INTRODUCTION...
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...International Management Project Management 4900 – International Management and Globalization Executive Summary As an opportunity to apply concepts of international management, the following analysis evaluates issues and provides recommendations for the Ann Taylor Corporation. The retail apparel industry as a whole has rapid business cycles because fashion and consumer tastes changing constantly. The already fiercely competition for market share is amplified by the declining economy. Like many apparel companies, Ann Taylor creates the designs and outsources the manufacturing process. Ann Taylor sells women’s apparel and accessories and targets affluent career-minded women. One of the company’s strengths is brand equity. Every aspect of the Ann Taylor brand supports corporate social responsibility. Any association with a supplier or manufacturer that doesn’t support CSR and environmental sustainability will tarnish the Ann Taylor brand and risk losing brand loyal customers. With dependency on over 150 suppliers around the globe, communication and culture awareness is required of all Ann Taylor management. Lack of culture understanding will put business partnerships at risk. Although Ann Taylor doesn’t have ownership rights in China, understanding what drives and motivates Chinese workers will help Ann Taylor management collaborating more effectively with the managers of the outsourced manufacturing located in China. The need for strategic management is heightened...
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...Cisco Systems, Inc. Supply Chain Risk Management Chuck Munson with María Jesús Sáenz and Elena Revilla Vice President, Publisher: Tim Moore Associate Publisher and Director of Marketing: Amy Neidlinger Executive Editor: Jeanne Glasser Levine Operations Specialist: Jodi Kemper Managing Editor: Kristy Hart Senior Project Editor: Betsy Gratner Compositor: Nonie Ratcliff Manufacturing Buyer: Dan Uhrig © 2014 by Chuck Munson Published by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as FT Press Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 FT Press offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales. For more information, please contact U.S. Corporate and Government Sales, 1-800-382-3419, corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com. For sales outside the U.S., please contact International Sales at international@pearsoned.com. Company and product names mentioned herein are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN-10: 0-13-375744-7 ISBN-13: 978-0-13-375744-6 Pearson Education LTD. Pearson Education Australia PTY, Limited. Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd. Pearson Education Asia, Ltd. Pearson Education Canada, Ltd. Pearson Educación de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Pearson Education—Japan Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd. Reprinted from The Supply Chain Management Casebook (ISBN: 9780133367232)...
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