...GASB and FASB Analysis Paper ACC/460 The Governmental Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Boards were put in place to assist in regulating the private sector, federal, and state and local governments. These regulations that are in place are to hold he sector accountable for its accurate financial reporting and documentation. I ask how these two divisions differ in its objectives and how to they regulate each party it governs. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board oversees the federal, state, and local governments with the basis of accountability. With that the GASB holds the government accountable to the citizens it represents. This means the government entities must show its constituents the money being raised is going to exactly what it was claimed for. An example of this would be a raise in taxes to assist in making gasoline safer for the environment. The GASB has broken down this accountability into three sub-objectives, the first is interperiod equity. Interperiod equity is a means of financial reporting that determines if there is enough current year money to pay for the current year needs. It also explains whether or not individuals in need of certain governmental services were pushed to the taxpayers. The second sub-objective is budgetary and fiscal compliance meaning that this reporting explains where funds came from to take care of services needed by the citizens. The third and final us service effort costs and accomplishments...
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...healthcare organizations face an intimidating financial situation in today’s healthcare atmosphere. “Decreasing revenues, increasing costs, and high consumer expectations present a complex challenge for healthcare administrators and medical directors who must not only manage in today’s climate, but also position their organizations for tomorrow’s storms” (Gale Group, 2004, p. 2). This paper will summarize the four elements of financial management; summarize generally accepted accounting principles and general financial ethical standards; and provide examples from articles that reflect ethical standards of conduct and financial reporting practices. Four Financial Management Elements Planning, controlling, organizing and directing, and decision making are the four elements of financial management. The purpose of planning is for the financial manager to identify the objectives and identify the steps required to achieve those objectives. The purpose of controlling is for the financial manager to review and compare current reports against previous data to ensure the plans, set by the organization, are being followed properly and efficiently. The purpose of organizing and directing is for the financial manager to ensure effective resource use and provide daily supervision. Lastly, the purpose of decision making is for the financial manager to make informed choices through primary tasks of analysis and evaluation. These four elements of financial management are the key to leading a...
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...Government and Non-Profit Accounting )Complete Class Click This Link to Get The Tutorial: http://www.myhomeworkspot.com/ACC455-Corporate-Taxation-Complete-Class-002.htm Week 1 Individual Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Analysis Paper Prepare a 350- to 700-word paper comparing and contrasting GASB and FASB accounting. Explain the objectives of the two standards boards and how they are similar and different. Describe how the modified accrual basis of accounting differs from full accrual accounting. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Discussion Questions DQ 1 Log into http://www.charitynavigator.org/. Choose a good charity and a bad charity and explain why you feel they should labeled good or bad. DQ 2 What is fund accounting? How does it compare to proprietary accounting? Why is fund accounting necessary? What are the major fund types? DQ 3 What are some examples of government and not-for-profit organizations? How do businesses measure success? How do government organizations measure success? DQ 4 What is the purpose of CAFR? What are the components of CAFR? Why is the Federal Government not subject to GASB 34? How do government-wide financial statements add information not available in fund financial statements? Week 2 Individual Ch. 1, 2, & 3 Textbook Exercises Resources: Ch. 1, 2, & 3 of Government and Not-for-Profit Accounting Prepare written answers...
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...Accounting Standards Boards Carmen Morales ACC 541 Nov-12, 2012 Sonia Quintero Accounting Standards Boards The society has to follow all kind of laws, regulations, rules, or standards established by legal authorities. In accounting environment is not the exception. Two types of accounting standards boards are the ones that regulate accounting standards: the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standard Board (IASB). These two boards will help us to ensure if the information is done properly and are reported in a consistent way so that investors can determine what company is better to invest in. First, there will be an explanation of the relationship between the two boards and the IASB equivalents of the FASB original pronouncements. Finally, there will be an explanation of how the MSA program prepares the student for a professional life within the accounting vocation. In 1971 the board of directors of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) appointed two committees: the wheat and the trueblood committee. The purpose of the wheat committee was to study how financial accounting principles should be established. The purpose of the trueblood was to determine the objectives of financial statements (Schroeder, Clark, & Cathey, 2011). In 1972 the wheat committee recommended to abolish the Accounting Principles Board (APB) and the creation of the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB). The new board was going...
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...Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Briefing: Each year the Los Angeles County Office of Education issues a Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). The most recent report as the 2012 that was created by Alexander Cherniss, Ed.D., Chief Business Officer, fiscal year ending June 30, 2012. Presently no boundary changes during the fiscal year. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of government accounting and reporting. Governmental Accounting and Reporting Budgeting and accounting are predominantly vital for a government body. Any person with the competence to make decisions relating to the prevailing body should possess the essential understanding of budgeting and accounting. “The Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) sets the accounting and financial reporting standards for state and local governments, whereas the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) sets these standards in for-profit business” (Granof &Wardlow, 2011). Governmental purpose and missions differ from those of a for-profit business. For-profit business is vastly measured by increasing profits and shareholder worth. Economic metrics are based exclusively on revenue and net income margins, where there may not be as measurable for governmental financial reporting. Government financial report cannot be always measured in monetary trends but more on a service oriented and focus cannot always be measured in dollars and cents and tends to be based more so on service...
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...This document of ACC 460 Week 1 DQs consists of: DQ1: Log into charitynavigator.org/. Choose a good charity and a bad charity and explain why you feel they should labeled good or bad. DQ2: What is fund accounting? How does it compare to proprietary accounting? Why is fund accounting necessary? What are the major fund types? DQ3: What are some examples of government and not-for-profit organizations? How do proprietary businesses measure achievement? How do government organizations measure success? DQ4: What is the purpose of CAFR? What are the components of CAFR? Why is the Federal Government not subject to GASB 34? How do government-wide financial statements add information not available in fund financial statements? Business - Accounting ACC 460 Week 1 Individual Assignment Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) and Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Analysis Paper ACC 460 Week 2 Individual Assignment Ch. 1, 2, 3 Textbook Exercises ACC 460 Week 2 Learning Team Assignment CAFR Budget Analysis ACC 460 Week 3 Individual Assignment Ch. 2, 4, 5, 6 Textbook Exercises ACC 460 Week 3 Learning Team Assignment Ch. 4 6 Textbook Problems ACC 460 Week 4 Individual Assignment Ch. 9 10 Textbook Exercises ACC 460 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Ch. 5 10 Textbook Problems ACC 460 Week 5 Individual Assignment Accountability in Reporting Memo ACC 460 Week 5 Individual Assignment Ch. 12 Textbook...
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...FASB due process versus IASB due process * Introduction The wave of globalization has reached the beachhead of accounting field. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) little by little surpasses Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in dominance over accounting framework. There are more than 100 countries have adopted or have permitted to use or have been converging with International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), instead of following Generally Accepted Accounting Standards (GAAP) and Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS). For example, the United States, who requires foreign firms listed on America should compile financial statements under IFRS or SFAS, declares its specific adoption road-map for local firms. The European Union requests its member states starting to take up IFRS at 2005. When it comes to Asia, China has already announced to adopt IFRS since 2007. Over the last few decades, the fruitful areas of research have focused on the variation that arises from disparity between IFRS and GAAP. The two accounting systems have many constitutional differences, such as IFRS is principle-based standard while GAAP is ruled-based one, the former is fair value accounting while the latter is conservative. * Background of the FASB’s due process The FASB claims that, “The FASB is committed to following an open and orderly process for setting standards. It designed its comprehensive due process...
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...THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTING PROFESSION – INTEGRITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING |LEARNING CHECK | 1. SEVERAL COMMON ATTRIBUTES OF ACTIVITIES DEFINED AS AUDITING ARE (A) SYSTEMATIC PROCESS, (B) OBJECTIVELY OBTAINING AND EVALUATING EVIDENCE, (C) ASSERTIONS ABOUT ECONOMIC ACTIONS AND EVENTS, (D) DEGREE OF CORRESPONDENCE, (E) ESTABLISHED CRITERIA, (F) COMMUNICATING THE RESULTS, AND (G) INTERESTED USERS. 2. A financial statement audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence about an entity's financial statements for the purpose of expressing an opinion on whether the statements are presented fairly in conformity with established criteria--usually GAAP. Thus, the nature of the auditor's report is an opinion on the fairness of the financial statement presentation. A compliance audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence to determine whether certain financial or operating activities of an entity conform to specified conditions, rules, or regulations. A report on a compliance audit takes the form of a summary of findings or assurance regarding degree of compliance. An operational audit involves obtaining and evaluating evidence about the efficiency and effectiveness of an entity's operating activities in relation to specified objectives. Reports on such audits include an assessment of efficiency and effectiveness and recommendations for improvements. 3. Independent auditors are individual practitioners or members of public accounting firms who render...
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...governments is that businesses have profit as their main motive whereas the others have service. A primary purpose of financial reporting is to report on an entity’s accomplishments — how well it achieved its objectives. Accordingly, the financial statements of businesses measure profitability, their key objective. Financial reports of governments and other not-for-profits should not focus on profitability, since it is not a relevant objective. Ideally, therefore, they should focus on other performance objectives, such as how well the organizations met their service goals. In reality, however, the goal of reporting on how well they have achieved such goals has proven difficult to attain and the financial reports have focused mainly on financially-related data. 2. Governments and not-for-profits are “governed” by the budget, whereas businesses are governed by the marketplace. The budget is the key political and fiscal document of governments and not-for-profits. It determines how an entity obtains its resources and how it allocates them. It encapsulates most key decisions of consequence made by the organization. In a government the budget is not merely a managerial document; it is the law. 3. Owing to the significance of the budget, constituents want assurance that the entity achieves its revenue estimates and complies with its spending mandates. They expect the financial statements to report on how the budget was administered. 4. Interperiod equity is the concept that taxpayers...
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...RESEARCH Discussion Questions 1. Research in general involves the investigation and analysis of an issue in question. The researcher usually applies reasonable and reflective thinking to develop an answer to the issue or problem at hand. Research requires a clear definition of the problem, using professional databases to search the authoritative literature, reviewing and evaluating the data collected, drawing conclusions and communicating your results. 2. Accounting, auditing, or tax research involve a systematic and logical investigation of an issue or problem using the accountant’s professional judgment. Furthermore, accountants approach this problem using critical-thinking skills to obtain and document evidence underlying a conclusion relating to an issue or problem currently confronting the accountant or auditor. 3. Accounting, auditing, or tax research are necessary in order to determine the proper recording, classification, and disclosure of economic events; to determine compliance with authoritative pronouncements; or to determine the preferability of alternative accounting procedures. 4. The objective of accounting, auditing, or tax research is a systematic investigation of an issue or problem utilizing the researcher’s professional judgment to arrive at appropriate and timely conclusions regarding the issues at hand. 5. Research plays an important role within an accounting firm or department. It is critical for the accountant/auditor to be able to find and...
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...governments is that businesses have profit as their main motive whereas the others have service. A primary purpose of financial reporting is to report on an entity’s accomplishments — how well it achieved its objectives. Accordingly, the financial statements of businesses measure profitability, their key objective. Financial reports of governments and other not-for-profits should not focus on profitability, since it is not a relevant objective. Ideally, therefore, they should focus on other performance objectives, such as how well the organizations met their service goals. In reality, however, the goal of reporting on how well they have achieved such goals has proven difficult to attain and the financial reports have focused mainly on financially-related data. 2. Governments and not-for-profits are “governed” by the budget, whereas businesses are governed by the marketplace. The budget is the key political and fiscal document of governments and not-for-profits. It determines how an entity obtains its resources and how it allocates them. It encapsulates most key decisions of consequence made by the organization. In a government the budget is not merely a managerial document; it is the law. 3. Owing to the significance of the budget, constituents want assurance that the entity achieves its revenue estimates and complies with its spending mandates. They expect the financial statements to report on how the budget was administered. 4. Interperiod equity is the concept that taxpayers...
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...Accounting Standards Building international opportunities for Australian business Corporate Law Economic Reform Program Proposals for Reform: Paper No. 1 © Commonwealth of Australia 1997 ISBN 0 642 26110 5 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Australian Government Publishing Service. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction rights should be directed to the Manager, Commonwealth Information Services, Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601. The Government is seeking comments from interested parties on the detail of the proposals in this paper which should be forwarded to the following address: First Assistant Secretary Business Law Division The Treasury Parkes Place PARKES ACT 2600 Telephone: 02 6263 3960 Fax: 02 6263 2882 Email: clerp@treasury.gov.au Copies of this paper are available from the Australian Government Publishing Service and on the Treasury web site (http://www.treasury.gov.au). Enquiries concerning the paper can be made to: Ms Veronique Ingram Assistant Secretary The Treasury Telephone: 02 6263 3970 Printed by the Australian Government Publishing Service TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abbreviations PART 1: PART 2: Reform Proposals Introduction 2.1 2.2 PART 3: Background Key economic principles v 1 9 9 10 11 11 12 13 13 14 16 17 19 19 19 20 22 23 The Case for Reform 3.1 3.2 Impetus...
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...AN EXAMINATION OF INVENTORY COSTING CONVERGENCE UNDER GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS Casey Reineking Department of Accounting Murray State University Murray, KY 42071-3314 E-mail: casey.reineking@hotmail.com Don H. Chamberlain Department of Accounting Murray State University Murray, KY 42071-3314 Holly R. Rudolph Department of Accounting Murray State University Murray, KY 42071-3314 L. Murphy Smith* Department of Accounting Murray State University 351 Business Building Murray, KY 42071-3314 Tel: 270-809-4297 Email: msmith93@murraystate.edu *Corresponding author Forthcoming in Journal of International Business Research AN EXAMINATION OF INVENTORY COSTING CONVERGENCE UNDER GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS ABSTRACT Accounting principles in the United States are converging toward international standards. If convergence continues, and there are proponents and detractors, then the U.S. system of accounting, called Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), will eventually be replaced by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Convergence has profound implications for publicly traded companies and their many stakeholders such as investors, lenders, government agencies, and employees. A key issue facing accounting standard-setters is the treatment of inventory costing, an area in which GAAP and IFRS differ. This study addresses three...
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...Accounting Standards Building international opportunities for Australian business Corporate Law Economic Reform Program Proposals for Reform: Paper No. 1 © Commonwealth of Australia 1997 ISBN 0 642 26110 5 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Australian Government Publishing Service. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction rights should be directed to the Manager, Commonwealth Information Services, Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601. The Government is seeking comments from interested parties on the detail of the proposals in this paper which should be forwarded to the following address:| First Assistant SecretaryBusiness Law DivisionThe TreasuryParkes PlacePARKES ACT 2600|Telephone:Fax:Email:|02 6263 396002 6263 2882clerp@treasury.gov.au| Copies of this paper are available from the Australian Government Publishing Service and on the Treasury web site (http://www.treasury.gov.au).Enquiries concerning the paper can be made to:Ms Veronique IngramAssistant SecretaryThe TreasuryTelephone: 02 6263 3970| Printed by the Australian Government Publishing Service Table of Contents Page Abbreviations v PART 1: Reform Proposals 1 PART 2: Introduction 9 2.1 Background 9 2.2 Key economic principles 10 PART 3: The Case for Reform 11 3.1 Impetus for reform 11 3.2 What the Government is seeking...
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...Public Sector Accounting............................................................ 1 16 September 2014 ii ProQuest 第 1 个文档，共 1 个 Elements of a Theoretical Framework for Public Sector Accounting ProQuest 文档链接 摘要: The development of a concept of community assets (used to describe government-managed assets of an infrastructural, cultural, or environmental nature) can contribute to the development of a new theoretical framework for public sector accounting and potentially for private sector accounting as well. An important feature of this framework is that recognition of assets based on common property alongside private property lends greater visibility to the communitarian perspective, with its emphasis on shared values and common life, and to social as well as technical concerns. In addition, by distinguishing what management can control from what they cannot control, a concept of community assets as distinct from ordinary fixed assets could permit a fairer system of accountability and clarify the controversial issues of depreciation in the public sector. 链接: Check local library holdings 全文文献: Despite the ancient origins of governmental accounting (Normanton, 1966; Chatfield, 1974) and the size and significance of governmental activity in modern times, the subject was, until recently, ignored by academics and practitioners alike. After a period of unwarranted neglect (see Perrin, 1981), the 1980s witnessed an upsurge of interest in public sector accounting. Its theoretical...
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