History Exam Notes

WW1:

Causes and Start of War (4):

Industrialism: * As European countries increased production by using machines, they needed to sell these goods outside there own countries because there were now able to produce more then their own people could consume * The economic competition led the European people to look for colonies

Imperialism: * The desire to control colonies around the world * Colonies were important to Europe because they provided natural resources and markets for export * Main two areas of the world Europeans competed for colonies were Africa and the Middle East

Nationalism: * Belief that your country is the best and deserves more then other countries * Natural extension of the economic competition created by imperialism and industrialism * People in each country were willing to go to war to prove that there country was superior

Militarism: * Increase in a countries armed forces to intimidate its rivals

Unification of Italy and Germany: * Several short war’s fought * Never existed before 1870s as unified states * Italy unified by Kingdom of Piedmont, Germany unified by Kingdom of Prussia * Happened during industrial revolution

Germany and France Rivalry: * Unification of Italy and Germany created a rivalry between Germany and France * In wars France was defeated and became Germany

What is a dreadnought?
- A ship that impressed people and was used in war

A new Europe: * Europe now had 7 large states

The Ottoman Empire – Ruled by? Main Religion? * Ruled from Istanbul in Turkey but controlled by Middle East, North Africa, and The Balkans * Main religion was Muslin but many others lived under Ottoman control

Weakening of the Empire: * During 1800’s the Ottoman Empire was getting defeated by Russia in many wars and began to weaken * In 1830 a revolution in Greece lead to independence from Ottoman rule

European Alliances: * Anticipating larger wars in Europe they started looking for allies * By 1914 their were two main alliances in Europe

The Triple Alliance: * Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

The Triple Entente: * Britain, France, Russia

Battles:

Ypres: * 1915 * Established Canadian reputation as a fighting force * First Canadian division arrived on the western front and won recognition by holding there ground against a new weapon of modern warfare – chlorine gas * Location: Belgium * LOTS OF DEATHS * Against the Germans

Vimy: * 1917 * Part of the allies effort to push the Germans out of France * Key to the German defense system, previous attacks by France and Britain had failed * Canada won its most celebrated battle * France wanted to take over Vimy and draw out the Germans * Under Canadian General Author Curry

Passchendaele: * 1917 * Fought in mud and heavy rain, which limited mobility * The 7km of land Canada won was soon won back by the Germans
Somme:
* 1916 * British agreed to assist there French allies by attacking the German’s * Year long series of battles between Russia and Austria, and Germany and Italy against Austria

The Beaumont Hamel: * 1916, France * Germans knew about Newfoundland’s plan to clear the path to the English Channel * Battle was over for Newfoundlanders in less then 30 minutes and men who made it to no mans land could see Germans first line of defense

The Homefront:

Life on the Home front: * The part of the war that was not actively involved in fighting but was vital. By keeping the home front running smoothly they were able to provide essential war materials

Role of Woman: * Men didn’t think woman were able to do the jobs in the war * Men would take advantage of them * Work conditions for Woman were terrible (cold spaces, with rats) * Required to encourage their husbands and children to fight * Woman in factories were paid very little wages

Minorities: * Group of people that discriminated against in a community, society, or nation

End of the War: * Russia out and the United states in, Germany decided to gamble everything on one last offensive on France * Germany didn’t have enough resources, men, or weapons to finish the job

The Treaty of Versailles: * Peace treaty that ended World War 1 * Was a severe punishment to Germany * Treaty blamed the whole war on Germany, and stated that Germany had to pay the allies because of the war

The 1920s and 1930’s:

The Winnipeg General Strike: * 1919 * One big union founded in Calgary
What the Union wanted * 8 hour work days * Higher wages * Right to collective bargaining
Other
* Winnipeg trade and labor council called a general strike * Sympathy Strikes from over 30 cities
What the Federal Government Did * Ordered federal employee’s back to work * Changed Immigration Act * Expanded definition of sedition Effects of the Strike * 1 dead, 30 injured * Several leaders sentenced to prison * Returning workers prevented from unionizing * Some workers fully banned from there jobs

Difference between a Strike and a General Strike:
Strike- refusal to work by a body of employee’s as a form of protest
General Strike- A strike of workers in most or all industries

Conservatism: Left

Economic System | Parties (3) | Leaders (4) | Facts | Capitalism | Conservative | Meighn | -Traditional | | Union National | William Aberhart | | | Social Credit | Duplesiss | | | | RB Bennit | |

Liberalism: Left Center

Economic System | Party | Leader | Fact | Capitalism | Liberals | King | -Values freedom |

Socialism: Right Center

Economic System | Party | Leader | Fact | Marxism | CCF | JS Woodsworth | -High taxes for rich, low for poor-Allows private property |

Communism: Right

Economic System | Party | Leader | Fact | Marxism | Bolsheviks | Lennin | -Gov controlled-No private propety |

Capitalism: * Free market / trade * Private Property
Marxism:
* Opposite of capitalism

Economic Cycle: 1. Spending decreases 2. Surplus production 3. Unemployment increases 4. More spending decreases 5. More unemployment 6. Goes bankrupt

Co-operative Common Wealth Federation (CCF) – JS Woodsworth:

Founded in:
1932

Founded by:
Famers, Labor groups, and University professors

Where:
Saskatchewan

Union Nationale (Conservative Part of Quebec) – Maurice Duplesiss:

Founded in:
1936

Likes | Dislikes | French Speakers | English Speakers | Roman Catholics | Federal Government | Power for Quebec | Communists |

When Maurice was elected he changed direction (3): * Anti Strike Laws * Foreign Investment * Padlock Law

The Padlock Law – 1937 * Protect province against communist propaganda * Against Jews and communists

Social Credit – William Aberhart

Founded in:
1935

What Aberhart Did:
Printed money illegally

Where:
Alberta

Beliefs: * People should be given money every month to improve economy * Adults given 25$ a month

Who was Al Capone? * Illegally sold alcohol * Based in Chicago * Convicted of Tax Evasion

Saint Valentines Massacre: * Men went into speak easy pretending they were cops then machine gunned 17 men

Prohibition in the US * Alcohol was illegal to drink and manufacture * Major initiative in the woman movement * Large amounts smuggled in Canada * Large cities didn’t stop bootleggers

Flappers – 1920’s:

Fashion: * High skirts and dresses (above knee) * Bob cuts * Lots of Makeup * Loose clothes
Music, Dance, Culture: * Fast pace, or jazz * The Charleston * Drinking and Smoking

The Paris Peace Conference – 1919:

Who lead It:
Robert Borden

What was it? * At the end of world war 1 they met to set peace terms for the defeated central powers

Over Production: * To many products produced compared to the amount people want to buy
Inflation:
* Products get to expensive

The Regina Manifesto – 1933 * Public bank ownership * Improved health and welfare services * More government support for agriculture * Clear the slums * To replace capitalism with socialism

Relief: * Financial support from the government given to the unemployed to keep them from starving * Kept rates low so that people would not apple for it

Shares of Stocks: * Portion of ownership to a small company, you receive a small portion of earnings
Share Holders: * People who own the shares of a stock (part owners)
Stock Market: * Where stocks are bought and sold with no fixed price
Sole Proprietorship: * The only owner
Partnership:
* More then 1 person owns company so the profit is shared
Corporation:
* Many owners with stocks being bought and sold

The Great Depression:

Years:
1929-1939

Causes: 1. Dependence on the US – Our primary trading partner 2. Over Production – The market for consumer goods has been satisfied 3. Stock Market Speculation – Stocks were being bought like crazy even on credit card 4. High Tariffs – Countries wanted to protect their own industries 5. Easy Credit – People bought everything on credit and couldn’t pay it back 6. National dependence on a few primary products – The wheat market was wiped out

The Chanak Crisis – 1922: * British troops threatened by attack from Turkey

Treaty of West Minister – 1931 * Brit parliament re announced legislate for empire

Autocracy: * State in which unlimited authority is exercised by a single individual

Sedition: * Anything that conducts speech which encourages people to rebel

The Group of 7: * 7 artists banded together to make a visible unified message of individual expression and quality Canadian art

Russian Civil War – 1918-1922

Russian Revolution – 1917
Started By: * General strike

Constitutional Crisis – 1926 1. King calls an election, makes alliance with progressive party, but custom scandal ruins it 2. King asks government general to call an election, refuses and then appoints Meighn Prime Minister 3. Meighn loses non confidence vote, so election is called 4. King wins, Meighn resigns and RB Bennett replaces him

Onto Ottawa Trek – 1932 1. Relief Camps are set up, worked 8 hour days, paid 20 cents a day 2. 1500 men from relief camps occupied Vancouver, no response so took there protest to Ottawa 3. Borden commands trains to stop transferring men 4. Leaders were arrested, causing a riot 5. People arrested, killed, and injured

Persons Case: * 5 woman from Alberta fought to have woman recognized under the BNA Act * A Milestone for Canadian Woman
Who?
* Emily Murphy * Irene Parbly * Nellie Mclung * Louis Mckinny

King Byng Affair – 1926 * The Governor General of Canada, refused a request by Prime Minister King, to dissolve parliament and call a general election

Black Tuesday – October 29th, 1929 * Highest trading volume day of the wall street crash

Regional Disparity: * Difference between regional with respect to specified variables such as income, and employment
Economic Disparity: * The difference between individuals or populations in the distribution of their assets, wealth, or income

1935 Election: * Liberal was the most popular vote * Liberal promised to bring back economic health while conservative still believed in high taxes

The Progressive Party:
Who?
* United farm groups in Ontario and in the Praries
What?
* They formed a political party called Progressive Party
When?
* 1920’s
Why?
* To support farmers and laborers

Spanish Flu: * Devastating sickness after the war * MANY DIED * Headache, tiredness, puking, could turn blue * Spread quickly